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Selective laser melting (SLM) is now, one of the most widespread Additive Manufacturing processes, due to presence in the market and known capabilities for the fabrication of mechanical components, with acceptable levels in geometrical accuracy, surface quality and mechanical properties. However, the metalworking industry is still skeptical for its...
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... Figure 5, several parameters combinations have the lowest surface roughness values, showing slight differences among others, but showing an improvement in comparison with the surface roughness values from Build 2 ( Table 3). Fig. 6 shows two topographies of the lowest surface roughness obtained from Build 4 samples, on the top and lateral surfaces of the sample. From Fig. 6A can be observed the geometric variation of the surface, of about +/-30 m, which is a good descriptor of the flatness that can be achieved by this method. Fig. 7 shows mechanical strength ...
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... combinations have the lowest surface roughness values, showing slight differences among others, but showing an improvement in comparison with the surface roughness values from Build 2 ( Table 3). Fig. 6 shows two topographies of the lowest surface roughness obtained from Build 4 samples, on the top and lateral surfaces of the sample. From Fig. 6A can be observed the geometric variation of the surface, of about +/-30 m, which is a good descriptor of the flatness that can be achieved by this method. Fig. 7 shows mechanical strength test results of the specimens produced by SLM with optimized parameters for the lowest roughness on the top and lateral surfaces. All specimens ...
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... are commonly found with spherical shapes, and can be formed by several reasons: incomplete melting, over melting and tension forces acting during the melting process [24]. Figure 6. Data from tensile test for specimens built with the best set of parameters. ...
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... Figure 5, several parameters combinations have the lowest surface roughness values, showing slight differences among others, but showing an improvement in comparison with the surface roughness values from Build 2 ( Table 3). Fig. 6 shows two topographies of the lowest surface roughness obtained from Build 4 samples, on the top and lateral surfaces of the sample. From Fig. 6A can be observed the geometric variation of the surface, of about +/-30 m, which is a good descriptor of the flatness that can be achieved by this method. Fig. 7 shows mechanical strength test results of the specimens produced by SLM with optimized parameters for the lowest roughness on the top and lateral surfaces. All specimens presented UTS above 400 MPa, a yield stress ranging from 390 to 450 MPa in close agreement to the values found in literature [23]. Due the samples were fabricated with the same process parameters, the 33.6 MPa standard deviation on the results shows a low reproducibility of the experiment due to porosity. Pores are commonly found with spherical shapes, and can be formed by several reasons: incomplete melting, over melting and tension forces acting during the melting process [24]. Figure 6. Data from tensile test for specimens built with the best set of ...
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... Figure 5, several parameters combinations have the lowest surface roughness values, showing slight differences among others, but showing an improvement in comparison with the surface roughness values from Build 2 ( Table 3). Fig. 6 shows two topographies of the lowest surface roughness obtained from Build 4 samples, on the top and lateral surfaces of the sample. From Fig. 6A can be observed the geometric variation of the surface, of about +/-30 m, which is a good descriptor of the flatness that can be achieved by this method. Fig. 7 shows mechanical strength test results of the specimens produced by SLM with optimized parameters for the lowest roughness on the top and lateral surfaces. All specimens presented UTS above 400 MPa, a yield stress ranging from 390 to 450 MPa in close agreement to the values found in literature [23]. Due the samples were fabricated with the same process parameters, the 33.6 MPa standard deviation on the results shows a low reproducibility of the experiment due to porosity. Pores are commonly found with spherical shapes, and can be formed by several reasons: incomplete melting, over melting and tension forces acting during the melting process [24]. Figure 6. Data from tensile test for specimens built with the best set of ...
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... Figure 5, several parameters combinations have the lowest surface roughness values, showing slight differences among others, but showing an improvement in comparison with the surface roughness values from Build 2 ( Table 3). Fig. 6 shows two topographies of the lowest surface roughness obtained from Build 4 samples, on the top and lateral surfaces of the sample. From Fig. 6A can be observed the geometric variation of the surface, of about +/-30 m, which is a good descriptor of the flatness that can be achieved by this method. Fig. 7 shows mechanical strength test results of the specimens produced by SLM with optimized parameters for the lowest roughness on the top and lateral surfaces. All specimens presented UTS above 400 MPa, a yield stress ranging from 390 to 450 MPa in close agreement to the values found in literature [23]. Due the samples were fabricated with the same process parameters, the 33.6 MPa standard deviation on the results shows a low reproducibility of the experiment due to porosity. Pores are commonly found with spherical shapes, and can be formed by several reasons: incomplete melting, over melting and tension forces acting during the melting process [24]. Figure 6. Data from tensile test for specimens built with the best set of ...
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Selective laser melting (SLM) is now, one of the most widespread Additive Manufacturing processes, due to presence in the market and known capabilities for the fabrication of mechanical components, with acceptable levels in geometrical accuracy, surface quality and mechanical properties. However, the metalworking industry is still skeptical for its...
Citations
... Therefore, by fixing the laser power density, ensuring the correct layer thickness for the employed powder, and optimizing the scanning speed, stability of the tracks can be ensured. A similar approach with analysis of the tracks' morphology and geometrical features was successfully used to produce high-density components (Shi et al., 2016(Shi et al., , 2017Wei et al., 2017;Makoana et al., 2018;Ramirez-Cedillo et al., 2018;Gao et al., 2019;Jing et al., 2020). For each powder material there are sets of optimal process parameters. ...
For widespread adoption of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) in industry, defect-free parts with high productivity and repeatability should be produced. Stability and certification of the properties of L-PBF parts are important tasks for all producers and end-users. Factors causing porosity, deformations, and high roughness in parts manufactured by L-PBF are, among others, process parameters, scanning strategy, spatial orientation of the part on the base plate and its orientation relative to the gas flow, and the direction of movement of the recoater, support structures. Existing approaches for optimization of process parameters, building and scanning strategies are discussed in this chapter. The combination of laser beam parameters, powder bed, substrate material, and protective gas creates a complex system which determines the features of the L-PBF process. The issues of determining the optimal process parameters for single tracks and layers, preceded by numerical modeling to select a range of laser powers and scanning speeds on existing equipment, are examined in detail. The features of the formation of layers and thin walls are also considered. The effect of process parameters on porosity is shown and algorithms for finding optimal process parameters for manufacturing simple solid samples are described. A manufacturing of L-PBF parts with complex shape and factors determining their quality are discussed.
