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Summed changes (mean ± SD) in (a) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, (b) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, (c) total bilirubin (TBIL) level, and (d) direct bilirubin (DBIL) level in serum of cows with metritis (n = 28) and control cows (n = 28) at 7 days before the estimated parturition (− 7 d), the day of parturition (0 d), and 7 and 30 d postpartum. Asterisks (*) indicates statisticallty significant (p < 0.05) difference between the control and the metritis group at the same time point. Crosses ( †) indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference when compared to − 7 d within the same group
Source publication
Background:
The aim of the present study was to clarify the changes in complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral white blood cells in postpartum dairy cows with metritis.
Results:
The cows were assigned to the control group (n = 28) or the metritis group (n = 28), retrospective...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... liver function parameters were within the normal range except aspartate aminotransferase (AST, normal range: 42.5 ~ 98 U/L). Compared with − 7 d, the increased activities of AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, normal range: 14 ~ 38 U/L) in the control group were observed from 0 to 30 d, and at 30 d, respectively ( Fig. 2a and b). Compared with the control, both the AST and ALT activities of the metritis group were higher (p < 0.05) at 0, 7 and 30 d, in which the AST at 7 d (100.7 ± 19.2 U/L) exceeded the normal range. The total bilirubin (TBIL, normal range: 0.2 ~ 17.1 μmol/L) and direct bilirubin (DBIL, normal range: 0.7 ~ 7.5 μmol/L) in the control group ...
Context 2
... were higher (p < 0.05) at 0, 7 and 30 d, in which the AST at 7 d (100.7 ± 19.2 U/L) exceeded the normal range. The total bilirubin (TBIL, normal range: 0.2 ~ 17.1 μmol/L) and direct bilirubin (DBIL, normal range: 0.7 ~ 7.5 μmol/L) in the control group increased (p < 0.05) at 7 d, and the TBIL decreased (p = 0.01) at 30 d compared with − 7 d ( Fig. 2c and d). In the metritis group, the TBIL at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the DBIL at 30 d were higher (p < 0.05) than those in control ...
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Citations
... The plasma TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels could reflect the rate of lipid utilization (36). Moreover, the increase in CHE activity could reflect an increased lipid metabolism (37). ...
Probiotics and synbiotics have been intensively used in animal husbandry due to their advantageous roles in animals’ health. However, there is a paucity of research on probiotic and synbiotic supplementation from maternal gestation to the postnatal growing phases of offspring piglets. Thus, we assessed the effects of dietary supplementation of these two additives to sows and offspring piglets on skeletal muscle and body metabolism, colonic microbiota composition, and metabolite profiles of offspring piglets. Pregnant Bama mini-pigs and their offspring piglets (after weaning) were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with antibiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics. At 65, 95, and 125 days old, eight pigs per group were euthanized and sampled for analyses. Probiotics increased the intramuscular fat content in the psoas major muscle (PMM) at 95 days old, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3 PUFA levels in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) at 65 days old, C16:1 level in the LDM at 125 days old, and upregulated ATGL, CPT-1, and HSL expressions in the PMM at 65 days old. Synbiotics increased the plasma HDL-C level at 65 days old and TC level at 65 and 125 days old and upregulated the CPT-1 expression in the PMM at 125 days old. In addition, probiotics and synbiotics increased the plasma levels of HDL-C at 65 days old, CHE at 95 days old, and LDL-C at 125 days old, while decreasing the C18:1n9t level in the PMM at 65 days old and the plasma levels of GLU, LDH, and TG at 95 days old. Microbiome analysis showed that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation increased colonic Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Faecalibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Turicibacter abundances. However, antibiotic supplementation decreased colonic Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and Unclassified_Lachnospiraceae abundances. Furthermore, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation was associated with alterations in 8, 7, and 10 differential metabolites at three different age stages. Both microbiome and metabolome analyses showed that the differential metabolic pathways were associated with carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. However, antibiotic supplementation increased the C18:1n9t level in the PMM at 65 days old and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism at 125 days old. In conclusion, sow-offspring’s diets supplemented with these two additives showed conducive effects on meat flavor, nutritional composition of skeletal muscles, and body metabolism, which may be associated with the reshaping of colonic microbiota and metabolites. However, antibiotic supplementation has negative effects on colonic microbiota composition and fatty acid composition in the PMM.
IMPORTANCE
The integral sow-offspring probiotic and synbiotic supplementation improves the meat flavor and the fatty acid composition of the LDM to some extent. Sow-offspring probiotic and synbiotic supplementation increases the colonic beneficial bacteria (including Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, and Pseudobutyrivibrio) and alters the colonic metabolite profiles, such as guanidoacetic acid, beta-sitosterol, inosine, cellobiose, indole, and polyamine. Antibiotic supplementation in sow-offspring's diets decreases several beneficial bacteria (including Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, and Prevotella) and has a favorable effect on improving the fatty acid composition of the LDM to some extent, while presenting the opposite effect on the PMM.
... A slight elevation in TLC was observed in day zero postpartum, though not statistically significant (p > 0.05) ( Table 9) which might be due to the stress experienced by the animals during the parturition. This observation is in accordance with the findings of Cui et al. (2019) who also noted an increase in WBC counts in healthy cows on the day of calving. In agreement with our findings, Velayudhan et al. (2022) did not find any significant differences in the erythrocyte and leucocyte indices of lactating cows when subjected to varying THI or seasons. ...
The thermal stress adversely affects crossbred dairy cattle production, especially in a hot, humid tropical state like Kerala. So, assessment of the intensity of stress and its relationship with the physiological alterations are crucial in adopting proper mitigation strategies to attain sustainable production. Hence this study was formulated to investigate the impact of heat stress on physio-biochemical parameters during early lactation of crossbred dairy cattle. The study comprised two sets of animals: six animals calved in month of December (control, season I) and six animals calved in the month of March (heat stressed,season II). Significant elevations (p < 0.05) in all the climatic and physiological parameters were noted in the second season. The heat stress did not result in significant differences (p > 0.05)in various blood and serum biochemical parameters such as potassium (K⁺), bicarbonate (HCO3⁻), calcium (Ca2⁺), phosphorus (P), Globulin, total erythrocyte count (TEC), Total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), the volume of packed red cells (VPRC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, β hydroxyl butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG).Significant differences (p < 0.05) were noted in sodium (Na⁺) on day zero postpartum and chloride (Cl⁻)on day 45 postpartum. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein, albumin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) during heat stressed period while cortisol and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) levels increased. This study also revealed a highly significant reduction (p < 0.01) in milk yield, indicating the animals maintained their positive energy balance at the expense of milk production during the study period.
... IFNγ is produced by T lymphocytes and other specialized immune cells to aid in the adaptive immune response, especially in response to viral infection 27 . High levels of plasma TNFα and/or IFNγ have been recorded in multiple bovine inflammatory disorders such as metritis and rumenitis 15,[32][33][34][35] . In in vitro epithelial monolayers-Caco2 and T84 human cell lines-treatment with TNFα and/ or IFNγ disrupts the epithelial barrier as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance, bacterial translocation, or molecular flux [9][10][11][12] . ...
... Elevated circulating levels of www.nature.com/scientificreports/ TNFα, a cytokine released by activated immune cells, especially monocytes and macrophages 28 , and IFNγ, a cytokine released by T lymphocytes and specialized immune cells 27 are associated with bovine inflammatory diseases and accompanying intestinal barrier dysfunction 15,[32][33][34][35]45 . IL-18, on the other hand, is produced by the epithelial cells themselves, and its primary function is to stimulate immune cells and induce downstream release of proinflammatory cytokines 46 . ...
The small intestinal mucosa constitutes a physical barrier separating the gut lumen from sterile internal tissues. Junctional complexes between cells regulate transport across the barrier, preventing water loss and the entry of noxious molecules or pathogens. Inflammatory diseases in cattle disrupt this barrier; nonetheless, mechanisms of barrier disruption in cattle are poorly understood. We investigated the direct effects of three inflammatory cytokines, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-18, on the bovine intestinal barrier utilizing intestinal organoids. Flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran was used to investigate barrier permeability. Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate junctional morphology, specifically tortuosity and length/width, respectively. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry was used to investigate cellular turnover via proliferation and apoptosis. Our study shows that 24-h cytokine treatment with TNFα or IFNγ significantly increased dextran permeability and tight junctional tortuosity, and reduced cellular proliferation. TNFα reduced the percentage of G2/M phase cells, and IFNγ treatment increased cell apoptotic rate. IL-18 did not directly induce significant changes to barrier permeability or cellular turnover. Our study concludes that the inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IFNγ, directly induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and alter the tight junctional morphology and rate of cellular turnover in bovine intestinal epithelial cells.
... Only the Hb decrease in NA was statistically significant (in the treatment and recovery phases, P < 0.001). Increased levels of bilirubin were observed in other studies of endometritis and mastitis (Bertoni et al., 1994;Cui et al., 2019). In the current research, increased bilirubin levels were determined in the HE and NA variants in both the treatment and recovery phases. ...
Hesperidin (HE), chrysin (CH) and naringenin (NA) are flavonoids, being the most important group of polyphenols, and show anti-inflammatory properties which have been demonstrated on various models. Polyphenols have a lot of biological properties, such as antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. However, the effect on mastitis has not been yet described. This research aimed to analyze the tolerability of selected polyphenols after multiple intramammary administrations (IMM) as well as to investigate their potential impact on somatic cell count (SCC) in mastitis dairy cows. The study was performed on 12 Polish Holstein Black-White cows in their 4th – to 6th lactation. Only animals with inflammation in one-quarter of the udder were selected. The selection was based on SCC and clinical assessment. The experiment was performed with multiple IMM administrations with each of these polyphenols in dairy cows affected with mastitis. Polyphenols were administered at a dose of 30 mg/quarter/day. Milk samples for SCC, blood plasma samples for pharmacokinetics and blood hematology and biochemistry (selected blood parameters were tested) were collected at baseline, treatment period and within the recovery period. Positive effects concerning the number of SCC in milk of mastitic cows were confirmed for all tested polyphenols.
... Total blood leukocyte counts of normal dairy cows change during the transition period from pregnancy to lactation (Kim et al., 2005;Islam et al., 2014;Cui et al., 2019). Results from the present study indicate that subsequent to this transition period, between 45 and 180 DIM, the number of circulating monocytes changed in the cows of the two groups evaluated and that the number of circulating neutrophils changed in the cows of the FDC group. ...
The nutritional conditions and immune status of dairy cows affect reproductive performance. This study was conducted with the aim to analyze the phagocytic activity (PA) and phagocytic capacity (PC) of circulating monocytes after the period of transition from pregnancy to lactation, to evaluate possible associations with duration of time period to conception following parturition. Results indicated PA was not associated with duration of time period to conception following parturition. In contrast, cows with a lesser PC conceived earlier (98 ± 9 days in milk, DIM) than those with a greater PC (168 ± 15 DIM). Based on these results, to analyze the association of the hormonal and metabolic milieu with the PA and PC, the animals were grouped considering the days to conception following parturition. In the group with the greater number of days to conception (>168 DIM), the PA was associated with concentrations of progesterone and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) at 90 DIM and glucose at 120 DIM, whereas PC was associated with the concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and glucose at 90 DIM, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) at 120 DIM, 17β-estradiol at 150 DIM, and 17β-estradiol and BHB at 180 DIM. Overall, these results represent a new perspective related to the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The modifications of cellular functions may be useful for predicting the onset of health complications in dairy cows and to manage cows in ways that result in an enhanced fertility during the subsequent lactational period.
... However, in other studies, the authors note that a high concentration of total protein in the blood of cows, due to an increase in globulin content with decreasing A/G ratio, may be observed in the development of inflammatory processes of the uterus, breast, limbs (Tóthová et al., 2018;Zhao et al., 2019). The role of the liver in protein metabolism is well known (Cui et al., 2019). Morphological and physiological changes in the liver associated with the development of a negative energy balance in the transition period can lead to its fatty degeneration, characterized by increased enzyme activity (Roy et al., 2011). ...
The relationship between cows' homeostasis in the early postpartum period and the effectiveness of fertilization during lactation was analyzed. There were found a decrease in vitamin E to 3.9 ± 0.16 μg/ml, an increase in urea to 6.4 ± 0.24 mmol/l, alkaline phosphatase to 120.7 ± 5.24 U/l, urea nitrogen to 12.3 ± 0.46 mg/ 100 ml and aspartate aminotransferase up to 137.8 ± 10.45 IU/l in cows that were culled or left infertile throughout the lactation period. These data may indicate an overload of the compensatory reactions of the enzymatic and oxidative systems of the liver in cows with defective rumen digestion. There was also persistent hyperproteinemia with compensated oxidative stress due to a decrease in zinc and vitamin E content in cows fertilized 60-120 days compared with those fertilized six months and later after calving.
... The present study showed that dietary synbiotic supplementation increased plasma TG and AMM levels on day 45 of pregnancy and plasma TG level on days 75 and 105 of pregnancy. Increased or decreased levels of lipid metabolism indicators such as TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C can directly or indirectly reflect the lipid utilization rate (Cui, Wang, Din, Li, & Li, 2019). The increased level of AMM was found to be involved in the synthesis and decomposition of animal protein or amino acids (Mansilla et al., 2017). ...
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation on reproductive performance, plasma indexes, and fecal microbiota composition and metabolite level in pregnant and lactating sows. Forty-eight pregnant Bama mini-pigs with 3–7 parities were randomly allocated to a control group (a basal diet), an antibiotic group (50 g/t virginiamycin), or a synbiotic group (200 mL/d·head fermentation broth and 500 g/t xylo-oligosaccharides). Compared with the control group, dietary synbiotic supplementation increased the piglet survival rate and decreased colostrum somatic cell numbers, while synbiotic or antibiotic supplementation improved plasma lipid metabolism. The synbiotic supplementation increased fecal Simpson and Shannon indices, and the relative abundances of Coprococcus and Ruminococcus on day 105 of pregnancy compared with the other two groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between Ruminococcus abundance and bioamine level but a negative correlation between Desulfovibrio abundance and butyrate level. These findings suggested that dietary synbiotic supplementation can improve piglet’s survival and lipid metabolism by altering gut microbiota diversity and composition in pregnant and lactating sows.
... Moreover, it was recognized that buffaloes which released their placenta within 12 h postpartum showed decline in glucose level due to utilization of glucose required for lactose synthesis (Cui et al., 2019). However, the current data observed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in buffaloes with RP which is expected due to insulin resistance that linked with RP while the concentration of insulin wasn't measured in our study. ...
Retained placenta (RP) is one of the reproductive syndromes that occurs in dairy buffaloes where fetal
membranes fail to be expelled during 12-hours following parturition. RP cause several economic losses as a result of
reduced milk production and infertility resulting prolonged calving interval in affected animals. The purpose of this research
was to investigate some proteins alterations at molecular level in relation to metabolic, oxidative, hormonal and
immunological changes in Egyptian buffaloes exposed to RP compared to others without RP and non-calved ones.
Vaginal examination and rectal palpation were performed to inspect any abnormalities. Blood glucose (BG), lipid and
protein profiles, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and creatinine levels were
estimated by biochemical techniques. Some macro and micro-minerals concentration were also analyzed. The antioxidant
defense system was studied via measuring nitric oxide (NO), malonaldehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione
(GSH) concentrations and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Further, progesteron (P4) and 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration were explored. Different protein amount percentage
was determined using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. As well as, gene expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and
interleukin-6 (IL-6) was evaluated. In RP group, the obtained data exhibited reduction of BG and lipid profile with
exception of very low density lipoprotein. Likewise, alterations of protein were noticed including elevation of globulin
and diminishing of albumin. Pro-oxidant parameters (MDA and NO) were elevated; whereas, antioxidant factors
(TAC, GSH and SOD) were declined. Moreover, urea concentration, ALT and AST activities were significantly
increased, while there wasn’t change in creatinine level. At hormonal level, a reduction of E2 and elevation of P4 were
noticed and the gene expression of both IL-1β and IL-6 was declined. From the obtained results we can conclude that
RP accompanied by low immunity and oxidative stress which directly affect metabolic and hormonal conditions of the
animals and it influences proteins amount in the body which is responsible for the body defense.
