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![Fig. 1. Estimations of global pollutants emitted by open burning [1]....](publication/349953795/figure/fig1/AS:1001610889142274@1615814053390/Estimations-of-global-pollutants-emitted-by-open-burning-1-Though-in-many-countries_Q320.jpg)
![Emission factors of pollutants by type of material [9].](publication/349953795/figure/tbl1/AS:1001610889138180@1615814053473/Emission-factors-of-pollutants-by-type-of-material-9_Q320.jpg)
The area of Naples and Campania region, in Italy, has been experiencing the dramatic consequences of diffuse open burning of illegal waste, resulting in possible threats to human health. The need of evaluating a risk index of open burning rises from this emergency where it is important quantify the risk to support local stakeholder to intervene tim...
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... of 1990s, estimating the emission factor and emission volume from the waste open burning. Most researches have focused on the analysis of air pollutants such as dioxins, carcinogenic elements, carbon monoxide and particulate matters. , A good summary of all relevant references and studies on emission factors is provided in [2] and reported in Fig. 2 The key point for our work is to map the possible materials burned and the studies on related emission, in order to build a model as more comprehensive as possible. There are still several emission factors data we did not find such as: combustion of animal carcasses, accidental fires, construction debris, and grain silo fires. However, ...
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... Alongside these substantial but rather infrequent events, there is the widespread practice of burning waste on a regular basis, as a means of waste disposal, especially in developing countries, contributing to a slow and insidious environmental pollution (Ferronato and Torretta, 2019;IPEN, 2021). However, the backyard burning of waste and setting dumpsites on fire, while less frequent, is still present in the US and EU as well (Muñoz and Panero, 2006;Mihai et al, 2019;Buzzo et al, 2021), requiring burning bans and other measures in order to curb these practices (e.g., EC, 2009;WDHS, 2015). ...
"Fires in the waste management sector in Romania. Frequency, causes and spatial distribution. Large waste fires are severe hazards to the human health and to the environment due to the sudden release of pollutants they imply. In this study we take a first step towards a better understanding of this phenomenon in Romania by creating and analyzing a waste fire database. Starting from a public data set regarding firefighting interventions in the waste management sector between 2016 and 2020, we have identified three main types of fires – fires at the municipal waste collection points, surface waste fires and fires at waste recycling facilities. We further calculated the frequency of these fires, identified their causes, and their spatial distribution. Keywords: waste fires, health, hazard, persistent organic pollutants, fire causes. "
This paper presents an innovative approach for detecting illegal microdumps using very high-resolution optical satellite imagery, addressing a significant environmental monitoring challenge in Campania, Italy. Due to the regional vulnerability to illegal dumping, exacerbated by the waste management crisis, there is a pressing need for enhanced surveillance and accurate identification of microdump locations. This paper uses deep learning techniques to introduce an effective technology for detecting microdumps in high-resolution optical satellite images from Pleiades and GeoEye-1 satellites in an end-to-end solution, from images to detection. Its primary aim is to preliminarily assess dumping sites within specific target areas of interest (patrolling cells) for subsequent on-ground confirmation and characterization. The proposed system comprises two neural networks: the first, based on RetinaNet, identifies regions containing microdumps, while the second, utilizing InceptionV3, enhances the detection through pixel-wise classification. A fusion rule is then applied to combine the decisions of these networks. This technology addresses an environmental issue and is part of a progressive monitoring process. Validation was performed through a significant case study focusing on an extensive area between Naples and Caserta in the Campania region in Italy, particularly affected by illegal microdumps. A model was trained and validated using the pansharpened version of Pleiades multispectral images. This model exhibits potential for detecting microdumps in images from other satellite missions, as confirmed by validating it with GeoEye-1 imagery without further fine-tuning or training. The performance of the proposed detection system, evaluated for the reference application, achieves a detection rate of approximately 90% and a false discovery rate of about 40%. Notably, this is attained using a fully automatic processing chain without geospatial integration with additional information sources. In conclusion, despite satellite images having limited ground sampling distance and subsequent lower accuracy of image understanding algorithms, they remain suitable for environmental monitoring applications from an end-user perspective.
