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Background:
Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria could lead to treatment failure of infectious diseases and could be transferred by non-potable water. Few studies have investigated occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) among bacteria including Aminoglycoside Modifying Genes (AMGs) from Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) in Nigeri...
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... should be noted that results of the physicochemical parameters and microbial qualities of these water samples had also been reported in these previous studies (22)(23)(24). However, among these bacteria, those that tested positive for at least one AME gene are presented in Table 2. Combination of aph(3") c and ant(3") b in a single bacteria was observed as the highest (14, 7.73%) among the detected gene combination in a single bacteria (Table 2). ...Context 2
... should be noted that results of the physicochemical parameters and microbial qualities of these water samples had also been reported in these previous studies (22)(23)(24). However, among these bacteria, those that tested positive for at least one AME gene are presented in Table 2. Combination of aph(3") c and ant(3") b in a single bacteria was observed as the highest (14, 7.73%) among the detected gene combination in a single bacteria (Table 2). Alcaligenes sp showed the ...Context 3
... (10/20) occurrence of ant(3") b while highest occurrence of aph(3") c was detected among Proteus sp (11/22) as shown in Table 2. Out of a total of 181 MDR and aminoglycoside resistant bacteria genotyped 69 (38.12%) tested positive for at least one of the selected AME genes.The highest (50, 27.62%) detected gene was ant (3") c followed by aph(3") c (33, 18.23%) as shown in supplementary Table 1. ...Similar publications
To evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of MRX-8 against gram-negative bacteria recently isolated from China, 765 clinical isolates were collected randomly from 2017 to 2020, including Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, S. maltophilia, B. cepacia, Alcaligenes app. and Haemophilus spp. isolates. All strains were performed with...
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... Meanwhile, out of the multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) isolated from water samples collected from the treated and untreated six water treatment plants/distribution systems, 69 tested positive for at least one of the selected genotyped aminoglycoside resistance genes. In another study carried out by Adesoji et al. (2019), the three amplified aminoglycosides genes were aph (3 ′′ ) c , ant (3 ′′ ) b and aph(6)-1d d . The most prevalent was ant (3 ′′ ) b followed by aph (3 ′′ ) c . ...
The aquatic environment is a hotspot for the transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans and animals. Several reviews have put together research efforts on the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic chemical residue (ACRs) in food, hospital wastewater, and even in other aquatic environments. However, these reports are largely focused on data from developed countries, while data from developing countries and especially those in Africa, are only marginally discussed. This review is the first effort that distills information on the presence and distribution of ARGs and ACRs in the African aquatic environments (2012-2021). This review provides critical information on efforts put into the study of ARB, ARGs, and ACRs in aquatic environments in Africa through the lens of the different sub-regions in the continent. The picture provided is compared with those from some other continents in the world. It turns out that the large economies in Africa (South Africa, Nigeria, Tunisia, Kenya) all have a few reports of ARB and ARGs in their aquatic environment while smaller economies in the continent could barely provide reports of these in their aquatic environment (in most cases no report was found) even though they have some reports on resistomes from clinical studies. Interestingly, the frequency of these reports of ARB and ARGs in aquatic environments in Africa suggests that the continent is ahead of the South American continent but behind Europe and Asia in relation to providing information on these contaminants. Common ARGs found in African aquatic environment encode resistance to sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam, and macrolide classes of antibiotics. The efforts and studies from African scientists in eliminating ARB and ARGs from the aquatic environment in Africa are also highlighted. Overall, this document is a ready source of credible information for scientists, policy makers, governments, and regional bodies on ARB, ARGs, and ACRs in aquatic environments in Africa. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will inspire some necessary responses from all stakeholders in the water quality sector in Africa to put in more effort into providing more scientific evidence of the presence of ARB, ARGs, and ACRs in their aquatic environment and seek more efficient ways to handle them to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistance among the population in the continent. This will in turn, put the continent on the right path to meeting the
... Rare cases of Brevundimonas spp. infections are described in Africa, but several studies have isolated it in the polluted environment as well as in urban tributaries in South Africa, Libya, Nigeria and Tunisia [11][12][13][14]. Here we describe the first clinical case of B. diminuta infection in a low-birth-weight newborn in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...
Brevundimonas diminuta is rarely described in clinical specimens, never at the umbilical stump. Most of the reported cases are in patients with underlying pathologies. We must integrate this microorganism in the etiological agents of nosocomial infections, but much remains to be understood about its virulence. We present a case of umbilical stump infection (omphalitis) caused by B. diminuta, in a preterm and hypotrophic new-born and discuss the diagnosis of this bacterium and its role as responsible of nosocomial neonatal infections.
... High resistance of bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp.) to beta lactam antibiotics observed in this study (Table 5) is also in agreement with high resistance of bacteria to beta lactam antibiotics reported by Adesoji and Ogunjobi (2016) from non-clinical samples. In addition, occurrence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance among MDR bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp.) observed in this study (Table 6) is similar to tetracycline resistant MDR and aminoglycoside resistant MDR bacteria reported by Adesoji et al. (2019) from environmental samples in a study (Timilehin et al., 2019). This might be explained by the fact that indiscriminate use of antibiotics may have contributed to vast emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria from both clinical and non-clinical environment. ...
Antibiotic resistance is a widespread problem. However, limited studies are available on Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with stool samples of diarrhea patients in Leda Diarrhea Treatment Center (DTC), Teknaf, Cox, Bazar. In this study, 51 stool samples were collected between October and December 2020 from diarrhea patients from a selected DTC. Bacteria isolation and antibiotics susceptibility testing were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Isolates of bacteria that were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics were considered Multidrug Resistance (MDR). About 20 bacteria that include E. coli (n = 15) and Salmonella spp. (n = 5) were isolated while the highest prevalence of 73.3% and 60% respectively were observed among the under-5 years, age group. The highest (60%) frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. was found among illiterate patients. The high resistance to each of amoxicillin (80%), ampicillin (100%), and tetracycline (73.3%) among E. coli isolates was observed while tetracycline was the most frequently used antibiotic for diarrhea treatment among sampled patients. Among Salmonella spp. 100% resistance to each of amoxicillin and ampicillin was observed, while 60% resistance to tetracycline was noticed. Two and one MDR E.coli and Salmonella spp. were recognized respectively. The occurrence of both E. coli and Salmonella among infants and aged adults, attached with MDR characteristics presented by bacteria from this study are of public health importance. Therefore, widespread studies are necessary for the determination of the molecular epidemiology of these resistant bacteria for public health surveillance.
... High resistance of bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp.) to beta lactam antibiotics observed in this study (Table 5) is also in agreement with high resistance of bacteria to beta lactam antibiotics reported by Adesoji and Ogunjobi (2016) from non-clinical samples. In addition, occurrence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance among MDR bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp.) observed in this study (Table 6) is similar to tetracycline resistant MDR and aminoglycoside resistant MDR bacteria reported by Adesoji et al. (2019) from environmental samples in a study (Timilehin et al., 2019). This might be explained by the fact that indiscriminate use of antibiotics may have contributed to vast emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria from both clinical and non-clinical environment. ...
Antibiotic resistance is a widespread problem. However, limited studies are available on Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with stool samples of diarrhea patients in Leda Diarrhea Treatment Center (DTC), Teknaf, Cox, Bazar. In this study, 51 stool samples were collected between October and December 2020 from diarrhea patients from a selected DTC. Bacteria isolation and antibiotics susceptibility testing were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Isolates of bacteria that were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics were considered Multidrug Resistance (MDR). About 20 bacteria that include E. coli (n = 15) and Salmonella spp. (n = 5) were isolated while the highest prevalence of 73.3% and 60% respectively were observed among the under-5 years, age group. The highest (60%) frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. was found among illiterate patients. The high resistance to each of amoxicillin (80%), ampicillin (100%), and tetracycline (73.3%) among E. coli isolates was observed while tetracycline was the most frequently used antibiotic for diarrhea treatment among sampled patients. Among Salmonella spp. 100% resistance to each of amoxicillin and ampicillin was observed, while 60% resistance to tetracycline was noticed. Two and one MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. were recognized respectively. The occurrence of both E. coli and Salmonella among infants and aged adults, attached with MDR characteristics presented by bacteria from this study are of public health importance. Therefore, widespread studies are necessary for the determination of the molecular epidemiology of these resistant bacteria for public health surveillance.
... Genes encoding aminoglycosides are one of the broadly variated gene groups that have been detected in Aeromonas spp. which possess the inhabitation of protein synthesis to perform antimicrobial activities in the bacteria (Timilehin et al. 2019). Table 2 indicates some studies related to the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in shellfish. ...
Aeromonas spp. are associated with seafood-related outbreaks worldwide. In seafood industry, shellfish play a major role in global seafood production. With this emerging trend of shellfish consumption, shellfish-related bacterial infections are being reported frequently. Aeromonas spp. are natural contaminants found in shellfish. Although 36 species have been identified, some species including A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biotype sobria have dragged major attention as foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The ability to elaborate a variety of virulence factors of Aeromonas spp. contributes to the pathogenic activities. Also, emerging antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas spp. has become a huge challenge in seafood industry. Furthermore, multidrug resistance increases the risk of consumer health. Studies have supplied pieces of evidence about the emerging health risk of Aeromonas spp. isolated from seafood. Therefore, the present review was intended to highlight the prevalence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. isolated from various types of shellfish.
... However, we did not find any qnr-like genes among the resistant isolates D549-D553, correlating with the findings of Ghatak et al. [27]. Additionally, we found D549-D552 to have point mutations in gyrA resulting in amino acid substitution (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser80Ile), which are typically associated with quinoloneresistant aeromonads [40,41], as well as a mutation in gyrA: Ser83Arg in strain D553 not previously reported in Aeromonas spp. ...
... carrying sul1 exhibited increased MICs for sulfamethoxazole treatments. Aminoglycoside resistance genes found in strain D549 [aph(3 )1b and aph(3 )1d)] match previous reports on Aeromonas [24,40], whereas we were unable to find publications mentioning aadA2, as we found in strain D552. ...
Some Aeromonas species, potentially pathogenic for humans, are known to express up to three different classes of chromosomal β-lactamases, which may become hyperproduced and cause treatment failure. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of these species-specific β-lactamase genes as phylogenetic markers using whole-genome sequencing data. Core-genome alignments were generated for 36 Aeromonas genomes from seven different species and scanned for antimicrobial resistance genes. Core-genome alignment confirmed the MALDI-TOF identification of most of the isolates and re-identified an A. hydrophila isolate as A. dhakensis. Three (B, C and D) of the four Ambler classes of β-lactamase genes were found in A. sobria, A. allosacharophila, A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis (blaCphA, blaAmpC and blaOXA). A. veronii only showed class-B- and class-D-like matches (blaCphA and blaOXA), whereas those for A. media, A. rivipollensis and A. caviae were class C and D (blaCMY, blaMOX and blaOXA427). The phylogenetic tree derived from concatenated sequences of β-lactamase genes successfully clustered each species. Some isolates also had resistance to sulfonamides, quinolones and aminoglycosides. Whole-genome sequencing proved to be a useful method to identify Aeromonas at the species level, which led to the unexpected identification of A. dhakensis and A.rivipollensis and revealed the resistome of each isolate.
... High resistance of bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp.) to beta lactam antibiotics observed in this study (Table 4) is also in agreement with high resistance of bacteria to beta lactam antibiotics reported by Adesoji and Ogunjobi [33] from nonclinical samples in a study conducted in Nigeria. In addition, occurrence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance among MDR bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella spp.) observed in this study ( Table 5) is similar to tetracycline resistant MDR and aminoglycoside resistant MDR bacteria reported by Adesoji et al. [34] and Adesoji et al. [35] respectively from environmental samples in a study conducted in southwestern Nigeria. This might be explained by the fact that indiscriminate use of antibiotics may have contributed to vast emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria from both clinical and non-clinical environment. ...
Introduction: antibiotics resistant bacteria (ARB) is a worldwide problem. Information on ARB associated with diarrheal stool samples from Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria is scare.
Methods: this study examines 41 stool samples of diarrhea patients from a selected hospital in Dutsin-Ma. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information and used antibiotics. Bacteria isolation and antibiotics susceptibility tests were determined using standard microbiological techniques. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria were selected based on resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics.
Results: twenty bacteria that include Escherichia coli (n = 15) and Salmonella spp. (n = 5) were isolated. Pediatric age group (0-5 years) showed highest prevalence of 73.3 and 60% respectively. Illiterate patients showed highest (60%) frequency of Salmonella spp. Tetracycline was mostly observed for treating diarrhea among patients; high resistance to amoxicillin (80%), ampicillin (100%) and tetracycline (73.3%) was noticed in E. coli. To each of amoxicillin and ampicillin, 100% resistance was observed among Salmonella spp. Two and one MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. were identified respectively.
Conclusion: high occurrence of studied bacteria among infants and aged adults coupled with some displaying MDR characteristics calls for urgent public health attention, hence, comprehensive studies are needed for the determination of molecular epidemiology of these bacteria for public health surveillance.
... Alygizakis et al. (2019) investigated the prevalence of ARGs in effluents from municipal and industrial wastewaters in nine countries in the Danube River Basin and reported the presence of several frequently detected genes such as aph(III)a, bla OXA , ermB, ermF, sul1 and tetM, and sporadically detected genes (bla SHV , mecA, qnrS, tetB and vanA) (Alygizakis et al. 2019). ARGs conferring resistance to aminoglycosides have also been found in municipal drinking water distribution sources in Nigeria (Timilehin, Olufemi and Adeniyi 2019). Another study compared the prevalence of ARGs and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in freshwater environments and found a high occurrence of ARGs in rivers and lakes when compared to dams, ponds and springs. ...
Antimicrobial resistance in the environmental dimension is one the greatest challenges and emerging threats. The presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment, especially in aquatic systems, has been a matter of growing concern in the past decade. Monitoring the presence of antimicrobial resistance species, in this particular case, Staphylococcus spp., in natural water environments could lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology of staphylococci infections. Thus, the investigation of natural waters as a potential reservoir and vehicle for transmission of these bacteria is imperative. Only a few studies have investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of staphylococci in natural waters. Those studies reported a high diversity of staphylococci species and lineages in surface waters. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were relatively prevalent in surface waters and, as expected, often presenting a multidrug-resistant profile. There was a high diversity of S. aureus lineages in surface waters. The presence of S. aureus CC8 and CC5 suggests a human origin. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci, the most frequently found in natural waters was S. warneri and S. epidermidis. These studies are extremely important to estimate the contribution of the aquatic environment in the spread of pathogenic bacteria.
The aquatic environment as a hotspot for the transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans and animals. Several reviews have put together research efforts on the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food, hospital settings, and even in aquatic environment. However, these reports are largely focused on data from developed countries, while data from developing countries and especially those in Africa, are only marginally discussed. This review is the first effort that distill reports on the presence and distribution of ARGs in the African aquatic environments (2012–2021). This review provides critical information on efforts put into the study of ARB and ARGs in aquatic environment in Africa through the lens of the different sub-regions in the continent. The picture provided is compared with those from some other continents in the world. It turns out that the large economies in Africa (South Africa, Nigeria, Tunisia, Kenya) all have a few reports of ARB and ARGs in their aquatic environment while smaller economies in the continent could barely provide reports of these in their aquatic environment (in most cases no report was found) even though they have some report on these resistomes from clinical studies. Interestingly, the frequency of these reports of ARB and ARGs in aquatic environment in Africa suggests that the continent is ahead of the South American continent but behind Europe and Asia. Common ARGs found in African aquatic environment are resistant to the sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam, and macrolide classes of antibiotics. The efforts and studies from African scientists in eliminating ARB and ARGs from the aquatic environment in Africa are also highlighted. Overall, this document is a ready source of credible information for scientist, policy makers, governments, and regional bodies on ARB and ARGs in aquatic environment in Africa. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will inspire some necessary responses from all stakeholders in the water quality sector in Africa to put in more effort into providing more scientific evidence of the presence of ARB and ARGs in their aquatic environment and seek more efficient ways to handle them to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistance among the population in the continent. This will in turn, put the continent on the right path to meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals #3 and #6, which at the moment, appears to be largely missed by most countries in the continent.
Foods are essential vehicles in human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria which serve as reservoirs for resistance genes and a rising food safety concern. Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally and poses a serious concern to human health. This study was designed to synthesize data regarding the prevalence of MDR bacteria associated with foods and drinks sold within Nigeria in order to contribute to the existing findings in this area. A comprehensive literature search on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria from 2015 to 2020 was conducted using three databases; PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. After screening and selection, 26 out of 82 articles were used for the qualitative data synthesis. Of the total of one thousand three hundred and twenty-six MDR bacteria reportedly isolated in all twenty-six articles, the highest prevalence (660) was observed in drinks, including water, while the lowest (20) was observed in the article which combined results for both protein and vegetable-based foods. Escherichia sp. had the most frequency of occurrence, appearing as MDR bacteria in ten out of the twenty-six articles. Salmonella sp. appeared as MDR in seven out of the twenty-six articles included in this study, in all seven articles where it was reported, it had the highest percentage (85.4%) prevalence as MDR bacteria. Public health personnel need to ensure critical control during the production and handling of foods and drinks, as well as create more awareness on proper hygienic practices to combat the spread of MDR bacteria.
