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![Fig. 1. Senna singueana [8].](profile/Amos-Luanda/publication/368900776/figure/fig1/AS:11431281124521653@1677984580660/Senna-singueana-8_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of Senna singueana [49].](profile/Amos-Luanda/publication/368900776/figure/fig2/AS:11431281124529063@1677984580754/Geographical-distribution-of-Senna-singueana-49_Q320.jpg)
Senna singueana (Delile) Lock is a potential medicinal plant commonly used to mitigate various infectious and non-infectious diseases including malaria, typhoid, gonorrhoea, bilharzia, cancer, epilepsy and ulcer. The phytochemical profile of S. singueana indicates the presence of different phytoconstituents corresponding to the pharmacological prop...
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... Inhibiting their activity can reduce the risk of developing diabetes and control postprandial hyperglycemia [84]. S. singueana can be used to control postprandial hyperglycemia for people with diabetes by decreasing the digestion of carbohydrates and intestinal absorption of glucose [42]. The liver, pancreas, intestine and muscles as shown in Fig. 5, involve in the glucose metabolism [85]. The compound 16 in Fig. 3 can enhance the effectiveness of insulin to decrease blood sugar while promoting hepatic glycogen production and storage through leptin and insulin-driven mechanisms. Additionally, compound 17 in Fig. 3 has potent anti-hyperglycemic activity, contributing to the ...
Citations
... However, the role of purgatives has not been well studied scientifically. With plant species reported in the current study, P. africanum, E. burkei, and Cassia abbreviata may be boiled to treat many unidentified STIs and a plethora of opportunistic infections associated with HIV-AIDS [59]. Peltophorum africanum recorded the highest number of citations (14), followed by Vachelia karroo and Elephantorhiza burkei with 12 and Elephantorhiza elephantina with 11 citations (Figure 3). ...
The use of medicinal plants, particularly in the treatment of sexually transmitted and related infections, is ancient. These plants may well be used as alternative and complementary medicine to a variety of antibiotics that may possess limitations mainly due to an emerging enormous antimicrobial resistance. Several computerized database literature sources such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to retrieve information on Fabaceae species used in the treatment and management of sexually transmitted and related infections in South Africa. The other information was sourced from various academic dissertations, theses, and botanical books. A total of 42 medicinal plant species belonging to the Fabaceae family, used in the treatment of sexually transmitted and related opportunistic infections associated with HIV-AIDS, have been documented. Trees were the most reported life form, yielding 47.62%, while Senna and Vachellia were the frequently cited genera yielding six and three species, respectively. Peltophorum africanum Sond. was the most preferred medicinal plant, yielding a frequency of citation of 14, while Vachellia karoo (Hayne) Banfi and Glasso as well as Elephantorrhiza burkei Benth. yielded 12 citations each. The most frequently used plant parts were roots, yielding 57.14%, while most of the plant species were administered orally after boiling (51.16%) until the infection subsided. Amazingly, many of the medicinal plant species are recommended for use to treat impotence (29.87%), while most common STI infections such as chlamydia (7.79%), gonorrhea (6.49%), syphilis (5.19%), genital warts (2.60%), and many other unidentified STIs that may include “Makgoma” and “Divhu” were less cited. Although there are widespread data on the in vitro evidence of the use of the Fabaceae species in the treatment of sexually transmitted and related infections, there is a need to explore the in vivo studies to further ascertain the use of species as a possible complementary and alternative medicine to the currently used antibiotics in both developing and underdeveloped countries. Furthermore, the toxicological profiles of many of these studies need to be further explored. The safety and efficacy of over-the-counter pharmaceutical products developed using these species also need to be explored.
... It can cause necrosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, mucosal congestion, bleeding, or edema, and lead to inflammatory diarrhea with good repeatability (Wu et al. 2021;Dubreuil 2012;Zheng et al. 2023;Wu et al. 2023). The main component of senna leaves, sennoside, which is a stimulant laxative, can reduce the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, inhibit the absorption of aquaporin in the intestinal tract, improve the intestinal movement speed, and enhance the intestinal movement protein to achieve the effect of defecation and lead to diarrhea (Ripanda et al. 2023;Gordon et al. 2016;Shang et al. 2018). Therefore, this experiment selected Escherichia coli solution plus senna decoction as the diarrhea model group administration plan (Gong et al. 2017). ...
Total saponins of Codonopsis (TSC) are a kind of critical bioactive substances in Codonopsis, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, immunomodulatory effects, and protective effects on ulcerative enteritis. In this study, TSC (3.75 mL/kg, gavage) was administered once a day to 13-day gestation Kunming mice for 5 days. On day 13 of birth, the offspring were given Escherichia coli solution (0.15 mL/mouse, intraperitoneal injection) and senna leaf decoction (0.15 mL/mouse, gavage) once a day for 6 days. The results showed that gestation maternal administration of TSC effectively reduced the diarrhea index, increased the content of sIgA, IgG, SOD, and GSH, inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in the intestine, reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, and alleviated intestinal injury in the littermates. The results provided a critical reference for the clinical application of TSC to control diarrhea in animal offspring.
... It displayed paralysis after 5.38 min and death of earth worm after 91.24 min. This remarkable activity might be attributed by the presence of the significant amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols and saponins similar to other medicinal plants such as Senna singueana (Ripanda et al., 2023a), V. amygdalina, Justicia adhatoda, Mikania micrantha (Ikbal et al., 2020) and Tetradenia riparia . The mode of action involves the direct absorption of bioactive compounds through the body surface of the worm, the tegument. ...
Background: Equisetum arvense L. has a long history of use in traditional medicines for treating ailments like digestive, inflammatory, respiratory and urinary disorders. Researchers have been focused on developing drugs from natural sources particularly the medicinal plants for global mitigation of medical conditions while protecting the environment. The use of natural products is one of the strategies that the WHO recommended to manage global medical conditions. The interest to use natural remedies as alternative medicines for management of medical conditions is increasing considerably. Purpose: This review intended to discuss the therapeutic potential of E. arvense for the mitigation of various diseases by providing up-to-date information on its benefits, challenges and potential future opportunities. Methods: The information is collected and systematically analysed from various online databases including Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science, PubMed and Plant of the World Online. Results: This study demonstrated the enormous therapeutic potential of E. arvense for the management of various ailments. The significant changes in the phytoconstituents amongst the plant parts have been observed, which correspond to the variation in its pharmacological properties. Several pharmacological activities of E. arvense such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetics support its traditional uses. Conclusion: E. arvense has a lot of therapeutic promises for treating a number of health disorders. The extension of its clinical study requires further identification of the bioactive compounds, their modes of action as well as toxicological study. The existing therapeutic potential of E. arvense, suggesting that it is a suitable medicinal plant for management of medical conditions.
... It displayed paralysis after 5.38 min and death of earth worm after 91.24 min. This remarkable activity might be attributed by the presence of the significant amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols and saponins similar to other medicinal plants such as Senna singueana (Ripanda et al., 2023a), V. amygdalina, Justicia adhatoda, Mikania micrantha (Ikbal et al., 2020) and Tetradenia riparia . The mode of action involves the direct absorption of bioactive compounds through the body surface of the worm, the tegument. ...
The purpose of this study is to replace chrome tannins with ecofriendly vegetable tannins as an alternative solution to prevent the public health and the environmental pollution. Vegetable tannin was extracted from Cassia singueana bark using an aqueous extraction method and applied on sheep pickle pelt. Optimum tannin extraction parameters were identified at powder concentration of 80 g/L, extraction temperature of 100°C, and extraction time of 120 mins. Chemical functionality of Cassia singueana extracted tannins was evaluated via FT-IR spectroscopy. Hence, the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence of wide band of phenolic hydroxyl (OH−) and carboxyl (C-O) groups connected with the aromatic ring. Moreover, physicochemical performance of the Cassia singueana extract tanned leather sample was scientifically examined and showed comparable results to conventional Mimosa tanned leather sample. The shrinkage temperature of Cassia singueana extract tanned leather recorded 83°C which is slightly higher than that of Mimosa extract (standard), 80°C. The results of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break of Cassia singueana extract tanned leather sample are 15.6 N/mm2, 24.2 N/mm, and 45.3%, respectively, which are relatively higher than those of Mimosa extract tanned leather sample. A relatively higher reduction level of pollution load (BOD, COD, and TDS) was observed in the wastewater released from Cassia singueana bark extract compared to the Mimosa extract (standard). Finally, findings from this study revealed that Cassia singueana bark extract could be considered as an alternative source of vegetable tannins to reduce the consumption of chrome tanning in the leather tanning industry.
