Figure - available from: Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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Grain filling is a pivotal grain weight determinant factor and has a great impact on rice yield potential. High grain weight was attributed to a high grain-filling rate. Proteomic analysis during the early ripening stage of rice grains from two cultivars that possess contrasting phenotypes in grain-filling rates was performed to identify proteins a...
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Background
Plant growth regulators are chemicals that regulate plant growth and development, which can regulate hormonal balance and affect plant growth, thereby increasing crop yield and/or improving crop quality. We discovered a novel compound (GZU001), a potential plant growth regulator, that significantly promoted root elongation in maize. Howe...
Citations
... 6 Numerous molecular and biochemical studies have highlighted the importance of sucrose and amino acid partitioning in plant growth and development. [7][8][9] These studies have paved the way for manipulating vascular tissues or pathways involved in sucrose and amino acid transport to improve crop yields. Yadav et al. 10 demonstrated that manipulating the expression of genes encoding sucrose or amino acid transporters (AATs) led to preferential accumulation of assimilates in targeted plant organs, thus promoting sink growth. ...
Physiological and molecular cascades regulating C and N distribution between source and sink organ. Cotton is used as a model plant to illustrate the interplay between carbon and nitrogen as numbered 1–4. Inorganic N (nitrate (NO3⁻) and ammonium (NH4+)) are taken up by the activities of N‐related transporters via the xylem vessels as indicated by the red arrows (1). Upon arrival at the source organ, the NO3⁻/NH4⁺ is assimilated into amino acids encoded by N assimilation enzymes (2). Also at the source leaf, plants assimilate photosynthetic C as sucrose and starch in the cytosol and chloroplast, respectively (3). Thus, the assimilated C and N in sucrose and amino acid forms are transported from the source (2) to the sink organ (flowers, cotton bolls, and fibre) by their respective transporters (the transporter family are indicated in the diagram above, since the activity of the family members varies among plant species) (4) as indicated by purple and brown arrows (for the sucrose and amino acid transport). Thus, this review describes the mechanisms of C and N transport from the primary assimilation site to the sink organ. Since plant biomass primarily depends on a balanced distribution of C and N among plant organs, the underlying physiological consequences of N status on carbon partitioning processes and vice versa were discussed. The potential roles of sucrose or nitrogen transporter activity in regulating C and N distribution processes were also elucidated. The latest multi‐omics techniques critical to identifying candidate genes involved in C and N metabolism were reviewed. image
... This aspect is particularly highlighted in Figure 6 Panel A1. In agreement with studies carried out on other plants (43)(44)(45), the accumulation of amino acids in the early stages of ripening is due to the future biosynthesis of bioactive chemical compounds, small peptides, and proteins that will be produced within the fruit as it matures. The distribution of the free amino acid content is different in the three extracting solvents. ...
This work focused on the extraction, quantification, and characterization of bioactive compounds of Arbutus unedo L. fruits, comparing the results obtained from the different ripening states. Extractions were performed by different methods (such as maceration extraction and ultrasonic extraction) and food grade solvents (aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvents) in each of the all ripening states (four states considered, associated with four different colors, i.e., green, yellow, orange, and red). The presence of (poly)phenols was quantified and characterized, and scavenging activity was determined by the Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent and the DPPH method, respectively. The content of bioactive compounds was characterized by LC-MS/MS, such as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) performed better than maceration extraction; ethanol–water mixture extracts showed a more positive effect than the use of aqueous extracts regarding the content of total phenolic compounds. Overall, the total phenolic compounds in the EtOH:H2O mixture at a ratio of 7:3 (v:v) were higher than that of the other solvents for both extraction methods. Some bioactive molecules were characterized for the first time in the extracts of A. unedo. The chemical profile of the strawberry tree extracts depended on the degree of fruit ripeness. The results suggest that A. unedo fruits may be of great interest for food and nutraceutical applications.
... Subsequently, the use of nano-UPLC allows for the quantitative assessment of changes between samples with high precision yet without the need for stable isotope-based techniques (Silva et al., 2006;Xu et al., 2008). Label-free LC-MS becomes a reliable, low cost and high reproducible method for quantitative proteomics studies (Vanderschuren et al., 2013;Dai et al., 2019;Huihui et al., 2020;Chen et al., 2021). ...
Mulberry leaves at different positions are different in photosynthetic rate, nutrient substance and feeding impact to silkworms. Here, we investigated the proteomic differences of the first (L1), sixth (L6), and twentieth (L20) mulberry leaves at different stem positions (from top to the base) using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. L1 contained less developed photosynthetic apparatus but was more active in protein synthesis. L20 has more channel proteins and oxidoreductases relative to L6. Proteins that detected in all measured leaves were classified into three groups according to their expression patterns in L1, L6, and L20. The protein group that displayed the maximum amount in L6 has the highest possibility that function related to photosynthesis. Nine function unknown proteins belong to this group were further analyzed in the light responsive expression, evolutionary tree and sub-cellular localization analysis. Based on the results, five proteins were suggested to be involved in photosynthesis. Taken together, these results reveal the molecular details of different roles of mulberry leaves at different developmental stages and contribute to the identification of five proteins that might function related to photosynthesis.
Adventitious roots play an important role in plant growth and response to abiotic stresses, especially in cutting propagation plants. However, the formation of adventitious root is a complex process, which is influenced by environmental factors (such as mineral nutrition and light) and endogenous hormones (indole acetic acid (IAA), ethylene, gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid, cytokinin, indo-3-butyric acid, etc.). As a wide range of gene expression research tools, transcriptomics has been widely used in the study of adventitious root formation in different plant species. Here, we reviewed the main factors affecting adventitious root formation, the process of adventitious root formation after cutting, and the transcriptome analysis of adventitious root formation after cutting in different plant species. Finally, through transcriptomic analysis of adventitious root formation in different plant species, the research update and important roles of auxin, auxin synthesis, and signal transduction-related genes implicated in adventitious root formation were summarized. Our review will be useful for further dissection of the mechanism of adventitious roots formation in plant species.
