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Study area of this investigation. (a) Chilean Regional Division (with their respective names) and distribution of meteorological stations (in red) used in the study, and (b) Köppen-Geiger climates present in Chile. The types of Köppen climates used correspond to those identified by Sarricolea et al. (2017).
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The Köppen-Geiger classification is one of the most common climate classification systems in the world. It allows classifying ecosystem distribution based on temperature and precipitation, two critical factors in climate, and vegetation cover’s sensitivity. We analyzed the dynamics and spatial consistency of agroclimatic variables in each type of K...
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... there, we finally selected only those that effectively recorded more than 90% of both the temperature and precipitation data. That gives only 72 meteorological stations throughout the country (Figure 1a). Undoubtedly, it is a reduced number, but robust results require quality over quantity. ...
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... we used Spearman's coefficient ( Flores et al., 2017) instead of Pearson to determine its statistical significance. We then performed a two-stage analysis; a trends analysis of the different agroclimatic variables and another regarding the agreement with the Köppen-Geiger climate classification (Figure 1b). All statistical analyses were performed through R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). ...
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... used the spatial distribution of Köppen-Geiger climate types for Chile, updated by Sarricolea et al. (2017) (Figure 1a). It is a 1 × 1 km resolution grid map, at a 1:2 000 000 scale extracted from the Infraestructure of Geospatial Data (IDE) Chile database (http://www.ide.cl/). ...
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... is a 1 × 1 km resolution grid map, at a 1:2 000 000 scale extracted from the Infraestructure of Geospatial Data (IDE) Chile database (http://www.ide.cl/). The meteorological stations were classified based on their location regarding the Köppen climate (Figures 1a, 1b). Then, within each climate zone, the total number of positive or negative trends obtained by Mann-Kendall test performed in trends analisys, was counted. ...
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... zone shows a decrease of 12.2% of the maximum temperature in the mountainous zone of the austral zone and a general decrease of 4.5% of minimum temperature. Instead, the precipitation increases by 0.83% but is nonsignificant (Figure 4, Table 1). Here, the Antarctic Oscillation's influence plays a significant role. ...
Citations
... Global climate change characterized by temperature rise and precipitation change is one of the great challenges facing mankind today, and has become an important factor affecting and restricting the sustainable development of natural systems, biological systems and human health systems (Ren et al., 2022). Climate change has greatly changed the spatial and temporal pattern of environmental factors, and agricultural production, which is heavily dependent on natural resources, shows obvious vulnerability in this context (Orrego-Verdugo et al., 2021). Temperature rise will increase the heat stress of most regions and crops in the world, and the instability of water stre ss due to precipitation fluctuation will pose a threat to crop production (Guzmán-Luna et al., 2022). ...
Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Hoola van Nooten) Swingle; Rutaceae: Citrus) is an important plant for both medicine and food. Due to the lack of suitability analysis, many problems have arisen in its planting. According to the daily observation data, Kriging interpolation was selected to spatialize precipitation and temperature data. MaxEnt and ArcGIS were applied to simulate the suitable areas of finger citron in China from the perspectives of bioclimate, soil, topographic factors and human activities in 2050s and 2090s. Results showed that temperature annual range (Bio7), annual precipitation (Bio12), human footprint (Hf), elevation (El) and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were identified as the dominant environmental variables related to the distribution of finger citron. Spatiotemporal distribution of annual precipitation (Bio12) showed that in the future, the precipitation in South China tends to decrease first (2050s) and then increase (2090s). The spatio-temporal analysis of temperature annual range (Bio7) showed that the 20-30 ℃ region was relatively stable in the Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River Basin. Under the future climate change scenarios, the total suitable area showed a significant increase trend in 2090s, and the change of most, moderately and poorly suitable habitats showed no obvious law. Under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the centroid of the most suitable habitat of finger citron would move to the northwest, southeast and southwest respectively. Our results can effectively carry out to promote the recovery of its population.
... Several authors have reported higher maximum temperatures, lower rainfall, and an increase in days with temperatures above 30 °C in the Central valleys (Orrego-Verdugo et al., 2021;Burger et al., 2018). In this sense, the trends for the minimum temperatures observed in this study deserve attention since they have a pattern contrary to the logic of the effects of global warming in many seasons. ...
Chile is characterised by offering high-quality wine and table grapes and its renowned viticultural valleys. Chile has been considered vulnerable to climate change, bringing a major concern to the national wine sector. This research aimed to analyse the climate trends and variability of Chilean viticulture from 1985 to 2015, evaluating meteorological, bioclimatic and risk indices at forty-seven weather stations. Meteorological data indicated that the warmest zone was Atacama, while the coldest was Aysén. The rainiest region was Austral, while the driest was Arica and Parinacota. Growing-season indices (GST, GDD and HI) showed that Central Valley was warmer than Arica and Parinacota, whereas the latter presented a higher sum of spring temperatures (SONMean and SONMax). Atacama presented the highest risk for T > 30 °C, whereas Central and South Valleys for T > 35 °C. The highest frost risk was in Aysén, while the lowest was in Arica and Parinacota. Tmin decreased by 0.33 ºC, while Tmax increased by 0.83 ºC. None of the trends for precipitation (PP) were statistically significant. GST, GDD, HI, BEDD, SONMean and SONMax increased by 0.58 ºC, 118.29 heat units, 140.57 heat units, 79.72 heat units, 8.42 heat units and 45.17 heat units, respectively, while CI decreased by 0.19 ºC. Some stations with negative trends for CI also coincided with the highest Tmax. Locations in Coquimbo and Aconcagua valleys changed from intermediate to warm climates. Locations from Coquimbo and Central valleys changed from warm to hot climates. Quilaco changed from a cool to a warm climate, while Osorno changed from without classification to a cool climate. PCA analysis reported that meteorological variables were related to the distance of the site to the Pacific Ocean. This information is important for the national industry and may allow producers to define mitigation strategies for climate change.
... Aranda et al. (2021) studied large south central Chilean lakes surface temperatures, with monthly, seasonal, and annual surface temperature trends during the 2000-2016 period, concluding with a significant increase in surface temperature, with a rate of 0.10°C/ decade over the period. Orrego-Verdugo et al. (2021) analyzed temperature amplitudes in the 1985-2015 period with evidence of an increase in maximum temperature from the north (19°S) to the south of Chile (44°S) and in the highlands, in a maximum range of 3.9%, however, the trend is negative in the southern zones (44°S-56°S), with an average value of 12%. ...
This paper deals with the study of stationarity and mean reversion in the temperature anomalies series in the southwestern American cone. In particular, monthly temperatures in 12 Chilean meteorological stations were studied (from the 1960’s to nowadays), examining if temperature shocks are expected to remain in the long term or if they are reversible. The results clearly show a significant relationship between the latitude, climate, and the order of integration of the temperatures. The orders of integration tend to be smaller in colder southern parts, therefore impacts of climate change are expected to be more reversible. However, in northern desert areas the orders of integration are larger than 0.5, thus impacts are expected to be maintained for a longer time.
