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We evaluated the total Hg concentration in different tissues of squalid callista Megapitaria squalida in order to measure Hg distribution in tissue and to estimate human health risk. Samples were obtained by free diving in the SW Gulf of California, Mexico. Concentrations are given on a wet weight basis. A total of 89 squalid callista specimens wer...
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This study was conducted to determine the levels of heavy metals Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) in blood clams and seawater in the waters of Jambi East Coast, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. Measurement of Pb, Hg and Cd levels in blood clams and seawater using APHA Method/Tools, 23rd Edition, GFAAS Extraction and Cold Vapor. The results of t...
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... Consequently, a potential risk exists for consumers for whom molluscs are a significant part of the diet, a good and accessible source of protein, and an inexpensive source of food. However, only a few studies have evaluated the health risk via their consumption (e.g., Astorga-Rodríguez et al. 2018;Delgado-Álvarez et al. 2019) and most focused only on mercury (e.g., Delgado-Álvarez et al. 2015;Frías-Espericueta et al. 2018;García-Hernández et al. 2018;Romo-Piñera et al. 2018;Uc-Peraza et al. 2021). In fact, according to Páez-Osuna et al. (2017), there is a lack of research on pollutants and their toxic effects on species (including humans) in the Gulf of California, which is needed to preserve this ecoregion. ...
... Consequently, a potential risk exists for consumers for whom molluscs are a significant part of the diet, a good and accessible source of protein, and an inexpensive source of food. However, only a few studies have evaluated the health risk via their consumption (e.g., Astorga-Rodríguez et al. 2018;Delgado-Álvarez et al. 2019) and most focused only on mercury (e.g., Delgado-Álvarez et al. 2015;Frías-Espericueta et al. 2018;García-Hernández et al. 2018;Romo-Piñera et al. 2018;Uc-Peraza et al. 2021). In fact, according to Páez-Osuna et al. (2017), there is a lack of research on pollutants and their toxic effects on species (including humans) in the Gulf of California, which is needed to preserve this ecoregion. ...
Although various studies have reported the bioaccumulation of metals in bivalves of commercial interest from the Gulf of California (GC), the risk associated with their consumption remains poorly understood. In this study, our own and bibliographic concentrations of 14 elements in 16 species of bivalves from 23 locations were used to investigate (1) the species-specific and regional accumulation of metals and arsenic in bivalves, (2) the human health risks by age and sex, and (3) the maximum allowable consumption rates (CRlim). The assessments were done according to the US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. The results indicate that the bioaccumulation of elements varies markedly between groups (oysters > mussels > clams) and localities (higher on Sinaloa due to intense anthropogenic activities). However, consuming bivalves from the GC remains safe for human health. To prevent health effects for residents or consumers on the GC, we recommend (1) following the CRlim proposed herein; (2) monitoring levels of Cd, Pb, and As (inorganic) in bivalves, as the elements of top concern, mainly when are consumed by children; (3) calculating CRlim for more species and locations, including at least: As, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn; and (4) determine the regional consumption rates of bivalves.
... The present calculations were done assuming an average body weight of 70 kg for Mexican adults (both genders) (Uc-Peraza et al., 2021b). The daily uptake rate for fish, mollusks and crustaceans was obtained from the estimate for the general population (CONAPESCA, 2018) and fishing communities in Mexico (Ramírez-Ayala et al., 2021;Romo-Piñera et al., 2018;Zamora-Arellano et al., 2017) (Table S2). Thus, considering IR values, three consumption scenarios were established: low (e.g., national average), medium and high consumption (e.g., fishing communities). ...
Since seafood is considered an important source of organotin compounds (OTCs), the present study assessed the potential risk to human health of ingesting butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs) along with this type of food. Seafood samples were collected at five fishing sites in the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico) during February and March 2018. In general, organotins were detected in all samples, suggesting a widespread occurrence of these compounds in the investigated region. The average concentration of total organotins in the muscle of demersal fish (Lutjanus synagris, Lutjanus campechanus, Calamus pennatula, Haemulon plumierii, Rhomboplites aurorubens), pelagic fish (Euthynnus alletteratus, and Opisthonema oglinum), gastropods (Melongena bispinosa and Strombus pugilis), oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) was 146.7 ± 76.2, 93.1 ± 92.6, 61.0 ± 53.0, 76.7 ± 2.6, and 28.8 ± 2.7 ng Sn g⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. Overall, MPhT among PhTs was the dominant compound in fish, while TBT among BTs was the dominant compound in shellfish. Regarding the toxic OTCs, TBT followed by DBT were the predominant compounds in all seafood species, while TPhT was below the quantification limit in most samples. The estimated daily intake values were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the sum of organotins established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Furthermore, the hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) values were all lower than 1, suggesting that daily exposure at these levels of organotins is unlikely to cause any harm to the human health of seafood consumers at the Yucatán Peninsula. Thus, consumers may not be at risk through the inclusion of these investigated seafood species in their normal diet. However, due to the increasing coastal urbanization, maritime activities, and the likely illegal use of tin-based paints in Mexico, additional monitoring is needed to assess organotin levels in other regions along the Mexican coastal zone and using other seafood species.
... The present calculations were done assuming an average body weight of 70 kg for Mexican adults (both genders) (Uc-Peraza et al., 2021b). The daily uptake rate for fish, mollusks and crustaceans was obtained from the estimate for the general population (CONAPESCA, 2018) and fishing communities in Mexico (Ramírez-Ayala et al., 2021;Romo-Piñera et al., 2018;Zamora-Arellano et al., 2017) (Table S2). Thus, considering IR values, three consumption scenarios were established: low (e.g., national average), medium and high consumption (e.g., fishing communities). ...
Since seafood is considered the main source of organotin compounds (OTCs, the present study assessed the potential risk to human health of ingesting butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs). Seafood samples were collected at five fishing sites in the Yucatán Peninsula during February and March 2018. In general, organotins were detected in all samples, suggesting a widespread occurrence of these compounds in the investigated region. The average concentration of total organotins in the muscle of demersal fish ( Lutjanus synagris , Lutjanus campechanus , Calamus pennatula , Haemulon plumierii , Rhomboplites aurorubens ), pelagic fish ( Euthynnus alletteratus , and Opisthonema oglinum ), gastropods ( Melongena bispinosa and Strombus pugilis ), oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) and shrimp ( Penaeus duorarum ) was 146.5±76.5, 93.1±92.5, 61.0±52.9, 76.7±2.6, and 28.8±2.7 ng Sn g -1 dry weight, respectively. Overall, PhTs, especially MPhT were the predominant compounds in fish, while BTs, especially TBT, were in shellfish. Regarding the toxic OTCs, TBT followed by DBT were the predominant compounds in all seafood species, while TPhT was below the quantification limit in most samples. Nevertheless, the estimated daily intake values were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the sum of organotins established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Furthermore, the hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) values were all lower than 1, suggesting that daily exposure at these levels of organotins is unlikely to cause any harm to human health. Thus, consumers may not be at risk through the inclusion of these investigated seafood species in their normal diet. However, due to the increasing coastal urbanization, maritime activities, and the likely illegal use of tin-based paints in Mexico, additional monitoring is needed to assess organotins levels in other regions along the Mexican coastal zone and using other seafood species.
... where PTWI is the provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the FAO/WHO (2004), C is the average THg reported in mussel tissue (μg/g, w.w.) and BWa is the average body weight (kg). In this case, average body weights of 70, 60 and 16 kg were assumed for adult men and women, and children respectively, as in Romo-Piñera et al. (2018). ...
We analyzed spatial and temporal variations in total mercury concentration (THg) in Mytilus californianus from the west coast of Baja California, México, and assessed the potential risk for human health. The sites from the northern zone showed the highest levels of THg over the entire three years of study, however, no significant differences among years were found. The highest level of THg (0.110 μg/g d.w.) was recorded in 2010 at Bajamar (SS2), and the lowest (0.011 μg/g d.w.) in 2007 and 2008 at Eréndira (SS4) and Los Ojitos (SS7), respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for adults through mussel consumption were lower than the oral reference dose (RfDo) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) values established by the USEPA and the FAO/WHO, respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values were <1.0, indicating that mercury concentrations in M. californianus are not likely to pose a risk for human health.
... Through morphometry and condition index, Yee-Duarte et al. (2017) concluded that health of the squalid callista clam in Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, evidenced negative physiological effects, possibly caused by contamination from metals produced by the local mining activity. Romo-Piñera et al. (2018) evaluated the total Hg concentration in the squalid callista, finding relatively low values of Hg (0.06-0.09 µg/g dw) in soft tissues that nonetheless represent a potential risk for human health. ...
... However, Ni was lower than the level obtained by Méndez et al. (2006) in a wild population of squalid callista clam on the southwestern coast of the Gulf of California. Recently, Romo-Piñera et al. (2018) reported Hg at 0.05-0.09 µg/g dw in soft tissues of M. squalida from La Paz bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, which is lower than the Hg levels in both bays examined in the present study. ...
The squalid callista clam (Megapitaria squalida) is a popular raw seafood item for human consumption; however, as a filter feeder, this clam accumulates heavy metals from natural and anthropogenic sources. The concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in sediments and the soft tissues of M. squalida from two sites on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, were evaluated from April 2016 to April 2017 on a monthly basis. The metal concentrations in sediments from both sites did not exceed the Mexican and international regulations. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in the clams from Altata bay (2.49 and 5.68 µg/g dw, respectively) and Agiabampo bay (2.38 and 5.54 µg/g dw, respectively) exceeded the permissible limits recommended by Mexican sanitary regulations, thus representing a threat to human health. The higher values of Cd, As, and Hg obtained for the biota sediment accumulation factor in both sampling areas indicate that squalid callista is a strong accumulator of these metals. The metal burdens in sediments and M. squalida soft tissues are influenced by chemicals from agriculture and aquaculture, as well as urban sewage disposal near both sites. This study brings useful information on metal bioaccumulation in one of the most important commercial clam species on the Pacific coast.
... Globalmente, solo se cuenta con la descripción de unas 21 especies nuevas por parte de malacólogos afiliados a instituciones nacionales , en su mayoría del orden Nudibranchia. La mayoría de los trabajos sobre moluscos se han centrado en el estudio de las comunidades y la distribución de las especies (e.g., Holguín Quiñones et al. 2000, Hendrickx et al. 2007, Ortiz-Arellano 2008, Ríos-Jara et al. 2009, de las pesquerías y la acuacultura (e.g., Cárdenas 1984, Cudney-Bueno & Rowell 2008a, Ríos-Jara et al. 2008, Cáceres-Martínez 2015, Escamilla-Montes et al. 2017, de algunos aspectos reproductivos y de crecimiento (e.g., Aragón-Noriega et al. 2007, Cudney-Bueno & Rowell 2008b, Alejo-Plata & Gómez-Márquez 2015, Góngora-Gómez et al. 2011, 2016, de la alimentación (e.g., García-Domínguez et al. 1994, Siqueiros Beltrones & Argumedo Hernández 2012, de la contaminación (e.g., Cadena-Cárdenas et al. 2009, Vargas-González et al. 2016, Romo-Piñera et al. 2018) y en la elaboración de listados faunísticos (e.g., Hendrickx & Brusca 2005, Castillo-Rodríguez 2014, Angulo-Campillo et al. 2016). Por ser de fácil acceso, las zonas intermareales han sido estudiadas de manera más intensiva, tanto en playas rocosas como arenosas (e.g., Román Contreras et al. 1991, Esqueda et al. 2000, Esqueda-González et al. 2017. ...
RESUMEN En 1986 y 1997 se realizó un estudio intensivo de los moluscos asociados con la zona intermareal rocosa de siete playas en el área de Guaymas, Sonora, México. Se recolectó un total de 113 especies, 75 géneros y 42 familias. Considerando todos los muestreos, la clase de moluscos mejor representada fue la Gastropoda (67 especies; 59.3%), seguida de Bivalvia (31; 27.4%), Polyplacophora (14; 12.4%) y Cephalopoda (0.9%). Se recolectaron en total 2,858 especímenes: Gastropoda, 2,340; Bivalvia, 302; Polyplacophora, 203; Cephalopoda, 1. En general, el número de especies por localidades fue variable, con tres localidades con mayor riqueza: playa Algodones (53), Caleta Lalo (52) y Punta Colorada (51). Cuatro localidades presentaron un número de especies netamente inferior: 18 en la ensenada Bacochibampo, 16 en el estero El Soldado, 20 en Piedras Pintas y solamente 5 en Sendero Viejo. Comparativamente con otras playas rocosas intermareales del Pacífico mexicano (con una media de 61 especies en 41 localidades), la riqueza de especies observada en Guaymas (113 especies) es relativamente alta y se ubica entre las siete zonas con el mayor número de especies recolectadas. Doce especies contaron con más de 60 especímenes recolectados. Tegula marina (517 especímenes) y Turbo fluctuosus (361) fueron las más abundantes en los muestreos. Entre estas 12 especies, solo se contó con un bivalvo (Arcopsis solida; 98 especímenes) y un poliplacóforo (Ischnochiton tridentatus; 102 especímenes). Turbo fluctuosus fue la especie con mayor distribución al ser recolectada en seis localidades, en tanto que cuatro especies se obtuvieron en cinco localidades. De estas, Tegula mariana fue la de mayor abundancia. Se amplía la distribución geográfica conocida de cuatro especies: Parvanachis pygmaea (G.B.
The cover image is based on the Original Article Effects of Cu, Zn and Cd on larval development and respiratory metabolism of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) by Yang Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14768.
Trochophore and veliger are vulnerable pelagic larvae and susceptible to environmental toxicants, which are extremely crucial for the population renewal. Cu, Zn and Cd pollution are common elements in metal pollution in coastal areas. Though Pacific abalone is the main economic mollusc in China, its larval response to metals remains unclear. To understand this, the effect of Cu, Zn and Cd toxicity on malformation classification and respiratory metabolism of trochophore and veliger are analysed and measured in this paper. The 48 hr EC50 for abalone trochophore was (18.9 ± 1.0) μg/L for Cu, (65.1 ± 0.3) μg/L for Zn and (1,377.8 ± 68.9) μg/L for Cd respectively. The LC50 of veliger was (45.8 ± 0.9) μg/L for Cu, (50.0 ± 0.9) μg/L for Zn and (1,049.3 ± 37.6) μg/L for Cd respectively. Trochophore died with no shell at 128 μg/L Cu, yet remained alive with multiple broken‐shell bodies at 128 μg/L Zn and failed to form well‐developed shells at 20,480 μg/L Cd. All veliger died with complete shells at the mentioned concentrations. A self‐made device was used to study the effect on respiratory metabolism. The respiratory metabolism level was significantly fluctuating under Cu and Zn exposure and declined under Cd. The results indicated a decreasing order of the metal toxicity to trochophore and veliger as follows: Cu > Zn ≫ Cd. Cu and Zn were the main causes of shell abnormality, and Cd was less toxic. Moreover, the affected respiratory has a negative impact on further larval development.
The present study shows the human health risk of Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn by consumption of clams Megapitaria squalida from Northwest Mexico, collected in 2013. The mean concentration for each metal in the soft tissue was: Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg; and mean values of 68.89 ± 37.59—30.36 ± 27.19, 8.77 ± 1.35—6.80 ± 0.36, 4.47 ± 0.21—3.18 ± 0.63 and 0.99 ± 0.81—0.52 ± 0.16 µg/g, respectively. Clam age was significantly negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with soft tissue Zn concentrations. For all metals there is a low level of human health risk associated with the consumption of M. squalida, but it is necessary to determine the specific characteristics of the human population of the study site.
