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![Study Area Showing River Niger, River Benue, and Confluence Point in Lokoja , Nigeria [28].](profile/Patricia-Ekwumemgbo/publication/342105754/figure/fig1/AS:901243073486849@1591884501335/Study-Area-Showing-River-Niger-River-Benue-and-Confluence-Point-in-Lokoja-Nigeria.png)
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River flooding in 2012 displaced hundreds of people in Nigeria and submerged several kilometers of land. Although, this incidence was predicted, no positive action was taken to avert the menace. This study assessed the pollution status of sediments of River Niger (RN), River Benue (RB), and after Confluence Point (CP) in Lokoja, Nigeria with respec...
Citations
This study aimed to evaluate the concentration, distribution, along with the environmental and human health
impact of eight heavy metals—Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, and As—on St. Martin’s Island in the northeastern Bay
of Bengal, and in doing so to help implement new legislations to protect the island. Focusing on the island’s
significance as a tourist destination, with seafood being a prominent dietary component, three sample types
(sediment, seawater, and crustaceans) were selected for a comprehensive assessment, considering seasonal variations. Concentration of metals was observed to be lower than the established standards in sediment samples,
but in seawater samples, Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn were higher than US-EPA values for natural marine water. The metals
displayed a decreasing trend of Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Mn > As > Cd > Cr in crustacean samples for both seasons.
Crustacean samples displayed higher metal concentrations in winter than in monsoon. Pb exceeded the
maximum allowable limit for crustaceans with a concentration of about 3 and 4 mg/kg in monsoon and winter
respectively; being more than 6–8 times the standard for Bangladesh which is only about 0.5 mg/kg. Health
indices displayed that although adults may suffer less from carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic health effects, the
risks are far greater for children. For both age groups, As and Ni displayed possibilities of developing cancer.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)shed light on the sources of metals and showed that most of them were from
anthropogenic sources. Overall, this study found that the quality of the environment of the island was better in
comparison to previous studies made before the pandemic, and so, if the trend continues, it may lead to a better
environment for the organisms around the island and help to keep the negative physiological impacts from the
consumption of these organisms to a minimal.
