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The review includes 161 references on the genus Vitex, and comprises ethnopharmacology, morphology and microscopy, phytoconstituents, pharmacological reports, clinical studies, and toxicology of the prominent species of Vitex. Essential oils, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, diterpenoides and ligans constitute major classes of phytoconstituents of t...
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Vitex negundo Linn. (VN), belonging to family Verbenaceae, is an aromatic shrub distributed throughout India. In the
ayurvedic system of medicine it is used as a drug of choice to manage pain, inflammation and other related diseases. It
contains many polyphenolic compounds, terpenoids, glycosidic iridoids and alkaloids. V. negundo was investigated...
Vitex (Verbenaceae) is a large genus that has a plethora of ethnopharmacological uses. The various species of Vitex have been used to treat a range of human ailments, particularly related to insects, fungi, bacteria, snakes and poisonous spiders and diseases associated with menstruation and gynaecological problems. Several secondary metabolites lik...
Vitex pubescens belonging to the Verbenaceae family, has been historically used as a folk medicine in Indonesia. The dichloromethane extract of V. pubescens stembarks interfered cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Our phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of several constituents and their chemical...
p> Gmelina arborea ( G. arborea ) is a bio-prospective plant belonging to family verbenaceae. It is widely used for it’s medicinal properties from ancient times. The present paper comprehensively reviewed the traditional uses, medicinal properties and chemical constituents isolated from G. arborea based on literature reported as well as critical an...
Lippia origanoides Kunth. Verbenaceae, is of great importance in the Brazilian traditional medicine. Because of it, this work had the purpose to contribute to the ethnopharmacological knowledge of L. origanoides through an ethnobotanical survey conducted within quilombola (maroon) communities of Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil. Among 254 plants cited in th...
Citations
... The leaves and fruits apart from being medically important, served as food for humans. Several studies on it have shown that the contained bioactive compounds are responsible for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, among others Rani and Sharma, 2013). V. doniana is a known plant to many countries worldwide for its various uses as medicine, food and for making fire. ...
BACKGROUND: Using an animal model, this study aimed to investigate the haematological and biochemical parameters of _Vitex doniana_ fruit syrup for its attribute to liver function. METHODOLOGY: Syrup concentrations of 25-45 mg/kgbw were considered on the mice with weights of 25-35 g. Groups of seven with 5 mice in each were conducted. Group 1 mice served as the negative control, and were given access to feed and water. Groups 2 – 6 mice were administered orally with 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 ml of syrup concentrations in a single dose for 3 days. The automated haematologic analyser determined the haematology of the mice's blood. The in vivo antioxidants and biochemical assays were determined by chemical methods, and the histopathology with haematoxylin and eosin stain method. RESULTS: Weight gain of change values from 8.12-9.81 g was recorded. Increase in red blood cells (7.32–7.45 m/cu.mm), white blood cells (4.30–4.35 t/cu.mm), lymphocytes (55.21-54.72%), neutrophils (21.64–12.70%), and PCV (41.04–41.16% were recorded. Values of the catalase were 50.20-58.21 µM/g, glutathione (23.41-28.34 µM/g), and lipid peroxidation (93.54-106.21 µM/g) compared to the negative control that has values of between 48.37-58.27 µM/g). A decrease in unit value was recorded in the biomarker enzymes of alkaline phosphate that ranged from 91.17 to 85.24 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase from 58.67 to 31.56 IU/L, and alanine aminotransferase from 58.16 to 43.36 IU/L. Decreased values in total bilirubin, creatinine, cholesterol, and urea were conceived compared with the negative control value. However, an increase in the unit was observed in the total albumin that ranged from 3.16 to 3.38 mg/dL), total protein from 6.42 to 6.74 mg/dL, and uric acid from 7.06 to 5.10 mg/dL) along with the syrup concentrations compared with the negative control of 3.75 mg/dL, 7.12 mg/dL, and 5.21 mg/dL respectively. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that the syrup has no health implications as it has the potential for blood maintenance, good antioxidant quality, and quality enzyme makers for healthy liver function.
... Verbenaceae comprise of 34 genera and around 1,200 species. Vitex is known as one of the largest genera in the family, possessing 270 species mainly distributed in tropical areas, with a few in subtropical regions (Rani and Sharma, 2013;Yao et al., 2016). ...
Plants, renowned for their rich reservoir of metabolites, play a pivotal role in addressing health-related issues. The Verbenaceae family stands out, showcasing immense potential in preventing and treating chronic diseases. Vitex trifolia L. ( V. trifolia ), a shrub with a rich history in traditional medicine, particularly in Eastern Asia, has garnered attention for its diverse therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review aims to bridge traditional knowledge and contemporary insights by investigating ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects of V. trifolia . The keyword “ V. trifolia ” and its synonyms were searched within the main scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar (from 1974 to 2022, last search: 21.10.2023). Phytochemical analyses reveal a spectrum of secondary metabolites in V. trifolia , including terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phytosterols, anthraquinones, and fatty acids. Notably, terpenoids and flavonoids emerge as the main bioactive metabolites. Pharmacological studies validate its therapeutic potential, demonstrating significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-amnesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-malaria, antispasmodic activities, and reported insecticidal effects. Despite existing literature exploring pharmacological attributes and secondary metabolites of related species, a conspicuous gap exists, specifically focusing on the pharmacological activities and novel methods of purification of pure metabolites from V. trifolia . This review aimed to fill this gap by delving into traditional medicinal applications, exploring secondary metabolites comprehensively, and providing an in-depth analysis of pharmacological effects of pure metabolites. Combining traditional uses with contemporary pharmacological insights, this article sought to serve as a crucial reference for future research and practical application of V. trifolia . This approach contributes substantially to understanding the plant, fostering scientific inquiry, and facilitating its broader application in healthcare.
... Traditional medicine has long utilized Chaste tree (vitex Angus-cactus] extract to regulate the process of reproduction and enhanced nutrition [2] Numerous compounds, including iridoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils, ketosteroids, and vanillic acid, are present in this plant [3]. These compounds are bioactive components with biological activities like antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, nutritious, and diuretic [4,5]. It is used as a treatment for premenstrual syndrome, abnormal menstrual cycles, mastodynia, hyperprolactinemai, and low fertility [6,7]. ...
The current study aims to investigate the effect of the Vitex Angus-cactus leaves extract on body weight, haematological and biochemical of chicken. The chicken was divided into four groups. The first group was given orally 5mg, the second 10 mg, the third 15 mg dose of Vitex extract every day for a period of 30 days and the fourth group served as a control group. The result revealed an increase in the body weight of treated chicken by 11.76 % at a 15 mg dose of Vitex extract compared to the control group. Non-significant increase was in haemoglobin (Hb) amount and the total erythrocyte (RBC) count, while white blood cells (WBC) decreased significantly in treated chicken. The plasma aspartate aminotranseferase (AST) was decreased significantly at all doses of vitex extract and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased by 41% only at 15 mg dose of extract. The plasma urea level does not changed by treatment in comparison to the control group. The total serum testosterone was not detectable by treatment of 10 mg and 15 mg doses of Vitex extract. In conclusion, the treatment of chicken with some dose of Vitex leaf extract can improve their body weight and some haematological and biochemical parameters.
... Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) is an essential Verbenaceae plant used in traditional herbal medicine. (40). Premenstrual syndrome, atypical menstrual cycles, amenorrhea, mastodynia, hyperprolactinemia, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and lactation difficulties are only few of the conditions that this herb is used to treat. ...
To evaluate the probable protective effect of vitex agnus castus extract on sperm characteristics in hypothyroid male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. Negative control (First Group) got normal saline every day. After hypothyroidism, groups 2-4 received vitex agnus castus extract and/or levothyroxine (L-T4). (Second Group) received normal saline as a positive control, (Third Group) received vitex agnus castus extract (300 mg/kg body weight), and (Fourth Group) received L-T4 (0.1 mg/kg/day). HYPO (positive) increased TSH but decreased T3 and T4, while HYPO+ THYROXIN and HYPO+V.A.C decreased TSH and increased T3 and T4 compared to the HYPO (positive). THYROXIN and V.A.C decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA), but HYPO (positive) increased it. Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the HYPO (positive) group compared to the control treatment and increased in THYROXIN and V.A.C treatments compared to HYPO (positive) group. Indicators of sperm characteristics showed that the HYPO (positive) treatment caused a significant decrease in (sperm count, general motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology) compared to the control, while both treatments of HYPO, whether with THYROXIN or V.A.C, increased all five indicators significantly despite the lack of difference between them and control in terms of impact. Vitex agnus castus' antioxidant characteristics make it a potential preventative measure against hypothyroidism's deleterious impact on sperm quality and antioxidant testicular levels. Abstract خصائص الحيوانات المنوية في ذكور الجرذان البيضاء التي تعاني من قصور الغدة الدرقية والمعالجة مريم كف عشبة بمستخلص
... The fruits contain essential oil, iridoid glycosides, flavones and flavonoids, diterpenoids, limonene and pinene [32]. Vitex is from the Lamiaceae family, which contains 250 species universal [33]. Vitex species are shrub types. ...
... Vitex species are shrub types. It is one of the most important medicinal plants used in medicine and pharmacy in the world, which is found in the Mediterranean regions and central Asia as a wild flower along rivers and waterways [33]. Vitex's fruits are used to treat menstrual disorders, deficiency in corpus luteum, menopausal complications, and hyperprolactinemia [34,35]. ...
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in agriculture in order to increase the yield and growth characteristics of plants. This study investigated the effects of TiO2NPs on photosynthetic pigments and several biochemical activities and antioxidant enzymes of the Vitex plant. Different concentrations of nanoparticles (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) at five levels were sprayed on Vitex plants on the 30th day of the experiment. TiO2NPs at different concentrations had positive effects on root and shoot dry weight and a negative effect on leaf dry weight. The amount of chlorophyll increased with the concentration of TiO2NPs; however, the amount of chlorophyll b showed a decreasing trend while the total chlorophyll had a constant trend. The highest amount of soluble sugar was obtained in the treatment of 200 ppm nanoparticles. The application of TiO2NPs did not have any effect on the content of proline and soluble proteins of Vitex plant. The effects of foliar TiO2NPs, compared to the control, showed a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In general, TiO2NPs had a favorable effect on dry matter production and some antioxidant and biochemical properties of the Vitex plant.
... [20] Although the homeland of the species is the Mediterranean region, it grows as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world such as subtropical regions. [21,22] In addition, it has been determined in studies that the medicinal plant VAC contains a large number of bioactive metabolites (flavonoids, ketosteroids, iridoids, essential oils, etc.) with high reducing properties and great activity in the green synthesis of AgNPs amount diversity varies according to habitat conditions. [23] Located in VAC the most well-known flavonoid is casticin, an important phytochemical. ...
This study was aimed to synthesise antimicrobial and therapeutic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis method using Vitex agnus‐castus L. (VAC) seed extract. The synthesised VAC seed extract coated AgNPs were characterised by UV‐Vis spectrometry, Zeta analysis and FT‐IR spectrometry. The antifungal, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity by MTT assay, and anticarcinogenic activities on HeLa cells line were investigated. VAC‐AgNPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a zone diameter of 11.3±0.6 mm. In addition, the cytotoxicity of VAC‐AgNPs was evaluated using the L929 fibroblast cell line and the HeLa cells line, with AgNPs applied at six different concentrations. At a concentration of 5.0 mM, viability was found to be 47.6 %±4.2 % in L929 fibroblast cells and 39.6 %±7.9 % in HeLa cells, suggesting a potential antiproliferative effect of VAC‐AgNPs on HeLa cancer cells. The IC50 values of VAC‐AgNPs against the HeLa cell line were calculated as 2.94 μg/ml.
... We focused on Vitex rotundifolia L. f. (Lamiaceae) that is widely distributed at the Asia and Oceanian coast, since plants of the genus Vitex have been used to treat variety of diseases, including menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome. 9) We found the leaf extract suppressed the morphological change, and identified vitetrifolin D (VitD) as an active component. Western blotting analysis and WST-based cytotoxicity assay revealed that VitD inhibited TPA-induced downregulation of E-cadherin at concentrations that moderately affected cell viability. ...
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endometrial cells contributes to the development of endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. We have recently reported that 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C activator, induces EMT in HHUA endometrial cells cultured on collagen type I gels. HHUA cells showed an obvious morphological change from spheroids to scattered spindle cells during the TPA-induced EMT. In this study, we searched for inhibitors of the TPA-induced morphological change, and isolated vitetrifolin D from Vitex rotundifolia leaves. Vitetrifolin D suppressed the TPA-induced downregulation of E-cadherin, a major component of the epithelial adherens junction. Since vitetrifolin D showed a modest cytotoxicity at the concentration required to inhibit E-cadherin downregulation, it would not be suitable as a drug to treat endometrial disorders. However, our cell morphology-based screening could contribute to the discovery of new compounds that inhibit the loss of epithelial cell junctions.
... [16] The traditional value of V. negundo as a medicine has been formally investigated. [17] Previous phytochemical studies of V. negundo indicated that compounds isolated from V. negundo showed potential cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. [15,18] Artemetin, vitexicarpin, and penduletin are believed to be potent compounds and they has been well studied in silico and in vitro. ...
Adenosma bracteosum and Vitex negundo are natural sources of methoxylated flavonoids. Little is known about the α-glucosidase inhibition of multi-methoxylated flavonoid derivatives. Eighteen natural flavonoids were isolated from A. bracteosum and V. negundo. Seven halogenated derivatives were synthesized. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectroscopy as well as comparisons in literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibition. Most compounds showed good activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.7 to 421.8 µM. 6,8-Dibromocatechin was the most active compound with an IC50 value of 16.7 µM. A molecular docking study was conducted, indicating that those compounds are potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
... Kirtikar and Basu [59] reported that in Chota Nagpur regions, localities use its bark to address aches and pains. Many compounds such as peduncularaside, iridoidanguside, Vitexin, triterpenoids, and flavonoids [60,61,62,11,63,64,65] , pachypodol, ursolic acid, and 2-hydroxy-ursolic acid [66,41,67,68] , crisimartin, 3α-friedeliniol, genkwanin, and, 3βfriedeliniol [24] are present in the leaves. Researchers have already examined the various parts of V. peduncularis for exploring bioactive substances and evaluated their efficacy [69] . ...
Vitex peduncularis, vernacularly known as ‘Charaigorwa’ is a large evergreen tree having numerous ethnopharmacological uses and belongs to the family Lamiaceae. The species is globally known for its usage to cure multifarious human health issues in traditional as well as contemporary medicines. The
species exerts high bioactivity due to the presence of several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, Vitexin, iridoid glycosides, pachypodol, ursolic acid, 2-hydroxy-ursolic acid terpenoids. Due to the high demands of V. peduncularis in pharmaceutical industries, the species is being exploited
indiscriminately, pushing it towards the abyss of extinction. Immediate conservation measures are required to sustain the available natural population through multidisciplinary scientific interventions. This article cumulates the importance of the species directing towards its specialized pharmacological
characteristics and its therapeutic uses. It also highlights the research gaps needed to be filled up for judicial use of the species conserving its depleting genetic resources.
... Nama Indonesia atau daerah tumbuhan ini, yaitu Laban (Indonesia) dan Mane (Aceh). Tumbuhan ini diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba, antidiare, antidiabetik, obat bisul, diuretik, demam, luka, dan sakit pinggang (Rani & Sharma, 2013). ...
... Ekstrak kasar V. pinnata diketahui mengandung kelompok senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid, dan minyak atsiri (Rani & Sharma, 2013;Thenmozhi et al., 2021). Kandungan metabolit sekunder tersebut diketahui berpotensi memiliki aktivitas farmakologi yang dapat mempengaruhi fisiologi organisme lain. ...
