Figure 3 - uploaded by Parris M Kidd
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Vitamins D and K are lipid-phase nutrients that are pleiotropic - endowed with versatile homeostatic capacities at the organ, tissue, and cellular levels. Their metabolic and physiologic roles overlap considerably, as evidenced in the bone and cardiovascular systems. Vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol, D₃) is the prehormone for the vitamin D endocrine sys...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... with vitamin D, basic and clinical research on vitamin K has markedly accelerated within the past decade. Originally discovered as an anti-hemor- rhagic factor (K for Koagulation), 99 vitamin K's activity is now known to encompass a variety of physiological processes. [99][100][101] Beyond its well recognized essentiality for activating the blood coagulation proteins, this vitamin helps regulate tissue calcium content 99,100 and has growth-regula- tory, 102,103 anticancer, 104 and anti-inflammatory effects. 105 Vitamin K also has potent antioxidative properties 101 and can regulate gene activity by binding with a specific receptor. 106 Vitamin K is actually an umbrella term for a number of nutrients, all of which are 3-substituted 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinones. Phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) contains a saturated, phytyl side chain and is produced in algae and the higher plants. 107 The menaquinones (MKs; collectively vitamin K 2 ) are of microbial origin, whether produced in the gut or from other fermentation. 107 They carry multiple, partially unsaturated isoprenyl groups that vary in number from 1 (MK-2) to 14 (MK-14) (Figure 3). Menadione (formerly called "vitamin K 3 ") is a form that lacks isoprenyl groups, has minimal vitamin K activity, and has potential for toxicity. 108 ...
Similar publications
RECENTLY published research has tended to contradict the long accepted theory that adequate vitamin K must be present in the diet of laying hens to prevent high blood spot incidence. Sauter et al. (1965) reported that feeding a vitamin K deficient basal resulted in blood spots increasing as much as 100% over pre-test periods. Bearse et al. (1966) f...
Citations
... Neogi et al. observed an association between low plasma levels of vitamin K and an increased prevalence of OA manifestations in the hand and knee. They found the relationship because vitamin K supports calcium homeostasis and facilitates bone mineralization [45][46][47]. Regarding vitamin E, different studies have demonstrated its potent anti-inflammatory properties as well as its role in the prevention and regulation of the progression of age-related diseases [48,49]. Therefore, further research on the relationship between OA and prenol lipids would be desirable. ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pathology of great impact worldwide. Its physiopathology is not completely known, and it is usually diagnosed by imaging techniques performed at advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate early serum metabolome changes and identify the main metabolites involved in an inflammatory OA animal model. This study was performed on thirty rats. OA was induced in all animals by intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate into the knee joint. Blood samples were taken from all animals and analyzed by mass spectrometry before OA induction and 28, 56, and 84 days following induction. Histological evaluation confirmed OA in all samples. The results of this study allow the identification of several changes in 18 metabolites over time, including organic acids, benzenoids, heterocyclic compounds, and lipids after 28 days, organic acids after 56 days, and lipid classes after 84 days. We conclude that OA induces serological changes in the serum metabolome, which could serve as potential biomarkers. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between the identified metabolites and the time at which the samples were taken. Therefore, these findings should be confirmed in future OA studies.
... We also observed increased legumain activity in the presence of the VD3 metabolite 25(OH)D3. This was likely due to the conversion of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 by the preosteoblasts, as CYP27B1 is expressed and functional in these cells [33][34][35]. In addition, administration of 25(OH)D3 to wild-type mice increased the expression and activity of legumain in various tissues and, importantly, increased the circulating levels of legumain in the plasma. ...
Legumain is a lysosomal cysteine protease that has been implicated in an increasing amount of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the upstream mechanisms regulating the expression and function of legumain are not well understood. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo data showing that vitamin D3 (VD3) enhances legumain expression and function. In turn, legumain alters VD3 bioavailability, possibly through proteolytic cleavage of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). Active VD3 (1,25(OH)2D3) increased legumain expression, activity, and secretion in osteogenic cultures of human bone marrow stromal cells. Upregulation of legumain was also observed in vivo, evidenced by increased legumain mRNA in the liver and spleen, as well as increased legumain activity in kidneys from wild-type mice treated with 25(OH)D3 (50 µg/kg, subcutaneously) for 8 days compared to a control. In addition, the serum level of legumain was also increased. We further showed that active legumain cleaved purified VDBP (55 kDa) in vitro, forming a 45 kDa fragment. In vivo, no VDBP cleavage was found in kidneys or liver from legumain-deficient mice (Lgmn−/−), whereas VDBP was cleaved in wild-type control mice (Lgmn+/+). Finally, legumain deficiency resulted in increased plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 and total VD3 and altered expression of key renal enzymes involved in VD3 metabolism (CYP24A1 and CYP27B1). In conclusion, a regulatory interplay between VD3 and legumain is suggested.
... Regarding prenol lipids, these are a group of natural molecules, and their most biologically relevant classes are fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins E, A and K) [40]. Neogi et al. observed an association between low plasma levels of vitamin K and increased prevalence of OA manifestations in hand and knee, because vitamin K supports calcium homeostasis, facilitating bone mineralization among other effects [41][42][43]. Regarding vitamin E, different studies have shown its potent antiinflammatory properties, as well as in the prevention and regulation of the progression of age-related diseases [44,45]. Therefore, further research on the relationship between OA and prenol lipids would be needed. ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pathology of great impact worldwide which its physiopathology is not completely known and usually diagnosed by imaging techniques performed at advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate early serum metabolome changes and identify the main metabolites involved in an inflammatory OA animal model. The study was performed with thirty rats, OA in all animals was induced by intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate into the knee joint. Blood samples were taken from all animals and analyzed by mass spectrometry before OA induction, and 28, 56 and 84 days following induction. Histological study confirmed OA in all samples. The results of this study allow the identification of several changes in the serum metabolome over time, including organic acids, benzenoids, heterocyclic compounds and lipids at T28, organic acids at T56 and lipid classes at T84. We conclude that OA induces serological changes in the metabolome and, more specifically, 18 metabolites which could serve as potential biomarkers. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between the identified metabolites and the time at which the samples were taken. Therefore, these findings should be confirmed in future OA studies.
... Remarkably, estimates reveal that a whopping 90% of peak bone mass is achieved by age 20 for men and 18 for women [1]. Pursuing optimal peak bone mass during this transformative period holds tremendous importance, for it harbors the potential to slash the risk of osteoporotic fractures later in life by a staggering 50% through a mere 10% increase in peak bone mass [2]. ...
Bone development during childhood and adolescence is a critical period that lays the foundation for lifelong skeletal health. Adequate nutrition, particularly the intake of minerals and vitamins, is pivotal in ensuring optimal bone growth and development. This comprehensive review examines the synergy between minerals and vitamins and its impact on childhood and adolescent bone development. The review begins with exploring the significance of bone health during the formative years, emphasizing the long-term implications of suboptimal bone development. The topic then turns to the precise roles essential vitamins, particularly vitamin D, and crucial minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, play in maintaining healthy bones. It highlights their interdependent roles and the interconnected biochemical pathways facilitating bone growth. Moreover, this review sheds light on the factors influencing these nutrients' absorption, utilization, and bioavailability in children and adolescents. Genetic factors, dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and other variables are examined for their potential effects on bone health outcomes. Through a meticulous analysis of existing clinical studies and observations, the review evaluates the impact of minerals and vitamin synergy on bone density, mineral content, and overall bone strength in the pediatric population. Furthermore, it elucidates the potential benefits of optimizing these nutrients during crucial growth stages. Evidence-based recommendations are provided to guide parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in promoting healthy bone development in children and adolescents. The importance of tailored dietary strategies, supplementation when necessary, and lifestyle modifications is emphasized for maximizing bone health outcomes. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the vital role of minerals and vitamin synergy in childhood and adolescent bone development. It consolidates existing knowledge, identifies research gaps, and sets the stage for future investigations in pediatric skeletal health. Ultimately, this work aims to raise awareness about the significance of adequate nutrition in shaping resilient and robust bones, contributing to the overall well-being of the younger generation. Here we will discuss the necessary bone nutrients, such as Phosphorus, Calcium, Vit D, Vit A, Vit K2, Zinc, Magnesium, and Branched Chain Amino Acid.
... Menaquinone (Vitamin K) is an important nutrient for the human host, with roles in bone, heart, blood, immune, and cognitive health [40][41][42], and absorption of microbially sourced vitamin K from the small intestine is vital for human health [43]. Both nitric oxide and menaquinone are known antioxidant molecules [44,45], and microbially modulated nitric oxide has roles in promoting better exercise performance in the mouth microbiome [46]. ...
ABSTRACT
Background: The complex relationship among sleep, exercise, and the gut microbiome presents a unique opportunity to improve health and wellness. Here, we conducted the first large-scale investigation into the influence of a novel elite athlete-derived probiotic, consisting of a multi-strain Lactobacillus consortium, on sleep quality, exercise recovery, and gut microbiome composition in both elite athletes (n=10) and the general population (n=257). Results: Our two-phase study design, which included an open-label study followed by a controlled longitudinal study in a professional soccer team, allowed us to identify key interactions between probiotics, the gut microbiome, and the host. In the placebo controlled study, we observed significant improvements in self-reported sleep quality by 69%, energy levels by 31%, and bowel movements by 37% after probiotic intervention relative to after placebo. These improvements were associated with a significant decrease in D-ROMS (a marker of oxidative stress) and a significantly higher free-testosterone/cortisol ratio. Multi-omics analyses revealed specific changes in microbiome composition and function, potentially providing mechanistic insights into these observed effects. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into how a multi-strain Lactobacillus probiotic modulates sleep quality, exercise recovery, and gut microbiome composition in both the general population and elite athletes, and introduces potential mechanisms through which this probiotic could be influencing overall health. Our results emphasize the untapped potential of tailored probiotic interventions derived from extremely fit and healthy individuals in improving several aspects of health and performance directly in humans.
... Studies on humans or terrestrial animals demonstrate that vitamin D and vitamin K interact with each other to improve bone health and other biological functions [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. However, this type of study is very scarce in fish [17], and none of them has been conducted during larval stages. ...
Vitamins D and K are essential fat-soluble nutrients that intervene in bone development processes among other biological functions. The present study is aimed at investigating the potential combined effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin K 3 (menadione) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. For that purpose, seabream diets were supplemented with different combinations of vitamin D 3 /vitamin K 3 (mg/kg diet) as follows: 0.00/0, 0.06/70, 0.06/170, 0.13/70, 0.13/170, 0.40/70, and 0.40/170. Feeding gilthead seabream larvae (22 days post hatch) for 21 days with the diets supplemented with 0.06-0.13 mg/kg vitamin D 3 and 70 mg/kg vitamin K 3 (diets 0.06/70 and 0.13/70) led to the highest larval growth and survival and the highest expression of important biomarkers of both bone development and health, such as bmp2, osx, and mgp, and calcium homeostasis, such as pthrp and casr. However, the increased supplementation with both vitamins at 0.40 mg/kg vitamin D 3 and 170 mg/kg vitamin K 3 (diet 0.40/170) reduced larval growth and survival, downregulated bmp2 and pthrp expressions, and upregulated osx and mgp, causing an unbalance in the relative expression of these genes. The results of the present study have shown the interaction between vitamin D 3 supplementation and vitamin K 3 supplementation in larval performance and gene expression related to bone development and calcium homeostasis, denoting the significance of a correct balance between both vitamins in larval diets.
... As such, fatty acyls play an important role in hypnosis, promoting angiogenesis and anti-inflammation (30-33). Prenol lipids play key roles in regulating the processes of aging-related diseases, diabetes, and inflammation, and they are also important regulators of bone health and cardiovascular homeostasis (34)(35)(36). In our experiments, the decrease in the fat rate and the increase in the lean meat rate in Ningxiang pigs were caused by changes in dietary niacin dose, accompanied by changes in liver lipids. ...
As one of the local pig breeds in China with a high fat rate, improving the lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs through nutritional intervention is an urgent issue to be solved. As an important feed additive, niacin plays an important role in lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation and mechanism of niacin on fat deposition in Ningxiang pigs. Thirty-four Ningxiang pigs (53.34 ± 2.78 kg) were randomly divided into two groups with five replicates each, with three to four Ningxiang pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (contained 22 mg/kg niacin), and the experimental group was fed the same diet supplemented with an additional 100 mg/kg of niacin. The experimental period lasted 60 days. One Ningxiang pig was selected for slaughter sampling for each replicate. This study found that lean meat percentage of Ningxiang pigs in the experimental group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), accompanied by a significant decrease in fat percentage (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis found an abundance of Streptococcus in the experimental group (P < 0.05), along with significantly decreased levels of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). The changes in some OTUs belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were closely related to the changes in the fat rate and lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs (P < 0.05). LC–MS metabolomics analysis found that about 43.75% of the differential metabolites were related to lipids and lipid-like molecules in the liver (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed correlations between the carcass traits, microbiota, and liver metabolites. In conclusion, niacin improves lean meat percentage and reduces fat deposition by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in Ningxiang pigs.
... Rights reserved Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved molecules 24 ; for example, vitamin K plays a key role in bone health and cardiovascular homeostasis25 . Similarly, vitamins E and A, as well as ubiquinones, have crucial effects on the progression of age-related diseases and chronic conditions such as inflammation and diabetes ...
The orchid Dendrobium officinale grows throughout southeast China and southeast Asian countries and is used to treat inflammation and diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. Tie pi feng dou is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine made from the dried D. officinale stems. Processing alters the physicochemical properties of TPFD; however, it is unclear how processing affects the quality and medicinal value of this plant. Here, we analyzed and compared the chemical composition of fresh stems of D. officinale and TPFD and explored possible explanations for the enhanced medicinal efficacy of processed D. officinale stems using qualitative and quantitative methods. To identify the components of FSD and TPFD, we used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry in negative and positive ion modes and interpreted the data using the Human Metabolome Database and multivariate statistical analysis. We detected 23,709 peaks and identified 2352 metabolites; 370 of these metabolites were differentially abundant between FSD and TPFD (245 more abundant in TPFD than in FSD, and 125 less abundant), including organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, flavonoids, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and fatty acyls. Of these, 43 chemical markers clearly distinguished between FSD and TPFD samples, as confirmed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A pharmacological activity analysis showed that, compared with FSD, TPFD had significantly higher levels of some metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity, consistent with its use to treat inflammation. In addition to revealing the basis of the medicinal efficacy of TPFD, this study supports the benefits of the traditional usage of D. officinale .
... VK2 has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis and suppress cancer growth and differentiation in various types of cancer cells. Recently, some studies have shown that VK2 has anticancer effects on hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia (1)(2)(3)(4). Natural VK2 can inhibit HCC cell growth and induce apoptosis (5)(6)(7)(8). In addition, VK2 has been demonstrated to exert an antiproliferative action toward a variety of cancer cells (9)(10)(11)(12). ...
... VK2 is a common fat-soluble vitamin that is involved in a variety of metabolism, such as blood coagulation and bone metabolism (1,2). In recent years, its antitumor effect has received extensive attention (3,4). ...
Our previous studies have proved that 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 (HSD17B4) is a novel proliferation-promoting protein. The overexpression of HSD17B4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation. Vitamin K2 (VK2), a fat-soluble vitamin, has the function of promoting coagulation and can inhibit the progression of liver cancer. A previous study demonstrated that VK2 could bind to HSD17B4 in HepG2 cells. However, the mechanism of VK2 in inhibiting HCC cell proliferation is not clear. In this study, we investigate whether VK2 can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cell induced by HSD17B4 and the possible mechanism. We detected the effect of VK2 on HSD17B4-induced HCC cell proliferation, and the activation of STAT3, AKT, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. We measured the effect of HSD17B4 on the growth of transplanted tumor and the inhibitory effect of VK2. Our results indicated that VK2 directly binds to HSD17B4, but does not affect the expression of HSD17B4, to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting the activation of Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, leading to decreased STAT3 activation. VK2 also inhibited the growth of HSD17B4-induced transplanted tumors. These findings provide a theoretical and experimental basis for possible future prevention and treatment of HCC using VK2.
... It was reported that prenol lipids are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in smooth muscle cell [49]. Other studies suggested that prenol lipids are the important regulator for inflammation and bone health [50][51][52]. ...
M. alba L. is a valuable nutraceutical plant rich in potential bioactive compounds with promising anti-gouty arthritis. Here, we have explored bioactives, signaling pathways, and key proteins underlying the anti-gout activity of M. alba L. leaves for the first-time utilizing network pharmacology. Bioactives in M. alba L. leaves were detected through GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum) analysis and filtered by Lipinski’s rule. Target proteins connected to the filtered compounds and gout were selected from public databases. The overlapping target proteins between bioactives-interacted target proteins and gout-targeted proteins were identified using a Venn diagram. Bioactives-Proteins interactive networking for gout was analyzed to identify potential ligand-target and visualized the rich factor on the R package via the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway on STRING. Finally, a molecular docking test (MDT) between bioactives and target proteins was analyzed via AutoDock Vina. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that mechanisms of M. alba L. leaves against gout were connected to 17 signaling pathways on 26 compounds. AKT1 (AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1), γ-Tocopherol, and RAS signaling pathway were selected as a hub target, a key bioactive, and a hub signaling pathway, respectively. Furthermore, three main compounds (γ-Tocopherol, 4-Dehydroxy-N-(4,5-methylenedioxy-2-nitrobenzylidene) tyramine, and Lanosterol acetate) and three key target proteins—AKT1, PRKCA, and PLA2G2A associated with the RAS signaling pathway were noted for their highest affinity on MDT. The identified three key bioactives in M. alba L. leaves might contribute to recovering gouty condition by inactivating the RAS signaling pathway.
