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Structured Atom Model (SAM) of Carbon with 12 protons and six inner electrons between the protons and six circulating electrons in the nucleus. The shape is a perfect icosahedron. There are no neutrons. The red lines indicate the position of the electrons. (Image: Kaal, www.etherealmatters.org)
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... Therefore the carbon nucleus consists of 12 protons and 6 electrons (Fig. 3). Each carbon touches four other carbons and the shape is perfectly symmetrical, being an icosahedron. There are an additional 6 electrons in the orbitals of the nucleus. Carbon is the most densely packed, with the strongest binding energy, and is the basic building blocks of all of the following elements. Valence is determined by how ...
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