Fig 3 - uploaded by Tatiana A Ezhova
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Structure of the flower of ap1120, ap111, ap221, and ap2214 single mutants and fas5 ap1120, fas5 ap111, fas5 ap221, and fas5 ap221 double mutants: (a, b, f, k) flowers of ap1120, ap111, ap221, and ap2214 single mutants, respectively (arrows on (b) show filamenttlike and narrow petal); (c) fas5 ap111 double mutant (external organs of all flowers are surrounded by large leaves); (d) flower of fas5 ap221 double mutant with carpeloid sepals (arrows indicate stigma tissue); (e) carpeloid sepal of fas5 ap221 with a ovuleelike structure (arrow); (g–i) flowers of fas5 ap221 double mutant with lateral flowers (leafflike structures in the second whorl are well visible in (g), see arrow); (j) apical flower of fas5 ap221, consisting of carpels only; (l) flower of fas5 ap2214 double mutant.
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Identification of new genes involved in the control of flower initiation and development is an important problem of the plant developmental genetics. The central approach to it's solution is the study of mutants with changes in these characters. The effect of pleiotropic mutation fasciata5 on the transition to the reproductive stage and flower deve...
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Citations
... S. purpurea gene in Arabidopsis. Among the most upregulated proteins in the FT-OX lines were three isoforms of FASCIATA5, which is involved in floral initiation and is consistent with the role of FT in inducing early flowering ( Figure 1 and Table S1) (Albert et al., 2015). ...
The Salicaceae family is of growing interest in the study of dioecy in plants because the sex determination region (SDR) has been shown to be highly dynamic, with differing locations and heterogametic systems between species. Without the ability to transform and regenerate Salix in tissue culture, previous studies investigating the mechanisms regulating sex in the genus Salix have been limited to genome resequencing and differential gene expression, which are mostly descriptive in nature, and functional validation of candidate sex determination genes has not yet been conducted. Here, we used Arabidopsis to functionally characterize a suite of previously identified candidate genes involved in sex determination and sex dimorphism in the bioenergy shrub willow Salix purpurea . Six candidate master regulator genes for sex determination were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, followed by floral proteome analysis. In addition, 11 transcription factors with predicted roles in mediating sex dimorphism downstream of the SDR were tested using DAP‐Seq in both male and female S. purpurea DNA. The results of this study provide further evidence to support models for the roles of ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulator genes of sex determination in S. purpurea , contributing to a regulatory system that is notably different from that of its sister genus Populus . Evidence was also obtained for the roles of two transcription factors, an AP2 / ERF family gene and a homeodomain‐like transcription factor, in downstream regulation of sex dimorphism.
The Salicaceae family is of growing interest in the study of dioecy in plants because the sex determination region (SDR) has been shown to be highly dynamic, with differing locations and heterogametic systems between species. Without the ability to transform and regenerate Salix in tissue culture, previous studies investigating the mechanisms regulating sex in the genus Salix have been limited to genome resequencing and differential gene expression, which are mostly descriptive in nature, and functional validation of candidate sex determination genes has not yet been conducted. Here we used Arabidopsis to functionally characterize a suite of previously identified candidate genes involved in sex determination and sex dimorphism in the bioenergy shrub willow Salix purpurea. Six candidate master regulator genes for sex determination were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, followed by floral proteome analysis. In addition, 11 transcription factors with predicted roles in mediating sex dimorphism downstream of the SDR were tested using DAP-Seq in both male and female S. purpurea DNA. The results of this study provide further evidence to support models for the roles of ARR17 and GATA15 as master regulator genes of sex determination in S. purpurea, contributing to a regulatory system that is notably different from that of its sister genus Populus. Evidence was also obtained for the roles of two transcription factors, an AP2/ERF family gene and a homeodomain-like transcription factor, in downstream regulation of sex dimorphism.
DNA topoisomerase TOP1α plays a specific role in Arabidopsis thaliana development and is required for stem cell regulation in shoot and floral meristems. Recently, a new role independent of meristem functioning has been described for TOP1α, namely, flowering time regulation. The same feature had been detected by us earlier for fas5, a mutant allele of TOP1α In this study we clarify the effects of fas5 on bolting initiation and analyze the molecular basis of its role in flowering time regulation. We show that fas5 mutation leads to a constitutive shade avoidance syndrome, accompanied by leaf hyponasty, petiole elongation, lighter leaf color and early bolting. Other alleles of TOP1α demonstrate the same shade avoidance response. RNA sequencing confirmed the activation of shade avoidance gene pathways in fas5 mutant plants. It also revealed the repression of many genes controlling floral meristem identity and organ morphogenesis. Our research further expands the knowledge of TOP1α function in plant development and reveals that besides stem cell maintenance TOP1α plays an important new role in regulating the adaptive plant response to light stimulus and flower development.
