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Due to the advantages of material abundance and synthetic simplicity, polyaniline can be used as a high capacity cathode material. However, its practical application in battery has been hindered by poor electrochemical utilization and cycling instability. To solve these problems, we synthesized the Polyaniline-co-o-nitroaniline aniline. The copolym...
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Polyaniline (PANI) is one of conducting polymers which is widely used in various applications especially energy field, like solar cells and batteries. PANI emeraldine salt (PANI ES) is the only type of conducting PANI which can be easily synthesized using a direct mixing method in an oxidizing solution. Ammonium persulfate (APS) is one example of a...
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... The polyaniline nature was further confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy ( Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). The broad peak observed in the range of 3300-3400 cm −1 was due to N-H stretching of the polymer [43,44]. The peak appearing at around 3000 cm −1 corresponded to the aryl C-H stretching. ...
This article describes the detailed analysis of the reaction between arylamines, such as aniline, o -anisidine, and methyl anthranilate, with selenium dioxide in acetonitrile. A systematic analysis of the reaction products with the help of ⁷⁷ Se NMR and single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed that the reaction progress follows three major reaction pathways, electrophilic selenation, oxidative polymerization, and solvent oxidation. For aniline and o -anisidine, predominant oxidative polymerization occurred, leading to the formation of the respective polyaniline polymers as major products. For methyl anthranilate, the oxidative polymerization was suppressed due to the delocalization of amine lone pair electrons over the adjacent carboxylate function, which prompted the selenation pathway, leading to the formation of two of the isomeric diorganyl selenides of methyl anthranilate. The diaryl selenides were structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the highest occupied molecular orbital of methyl anthranilate was deeply buried, which suppressed the oxidative polymerization pathway. Due to solvent oxidation, oxamide formation was also noticed to a considerable extent. This study provides that utmost care must be exercised while using SeO 2 as an electrophile source in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions.
... (1)) [33]. [38,39]. Fig. 2c shows the EDS spectra of the EVA-PZT-PANI 10.0 wt% composites showing the elements such as C, O, Pb, Zr, N and Ti present all over the composite. ...
This work aims to create energy-harvesting composites using poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) EVA, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and polyaniline (PANI) composites. The novelty lies in the fabrication of a triboelectric nano-generator (TENG) using EVA-PZT-PANI composites. These composites combine the flexibility of EVA polymer with the electricity-generating power of PZT ceramic and the conductivity of PANI. Systematic investigation of the structural, electrical, and microstructural properties of these composites is carried out to optimize their energy-harvesting performance. Among various compositions, the EVP3 device demonstrates exceptional output, generating a peak voltage of 17.8 V and a current of 190 nA at 2 Hz and 5 N applied force. The TENG demonstrates its versatility in harvesting energy from various sources by powering capacitors and collecting energy from human motions. Moreover, we show the potential application of the TENG for real-time traffic monitoring. By embedding the TENG into roads, we can measure car speeds and serve as a traffic management counter, opening up new possibilities for self-powered intelligent transportation systems.
... The reaction mixture was maintained at 1⁰C through the process using an ice bath to form a fibrous PANI. We dried it in a furnace for 4 hours at 90 ⁰C and finally obtained PANI powder [28] [30,31]. Typically, the molar ratio of APS to aniline monomer is maintained at less than 1.2 to achieve smooth surface and fine fibers of PANI. ...
The magnetoimpedance effect allows us to estimate the extent of spin dependent scattering in disordered solids. The change in impedance with respect to applied magnetic field manifests through local change in permeability on the surface and it amplifies at defect sites. The local electrical inhomogeneities are expected to aid this effect through spin dependent scattering. The organic conjugated electrical networks provide scope for producing such inhomogeneities formed by path defects and protonic charge accumulation leading to spin dependent scattering. This hypothesis is investigated in the present work taking polyaniline as a prototype network. The electrical inhomogeneities in the network were controlled by selective oxidation and aging in polyaniline. The Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) was observed in the electrically inhomogeneous network with the change in electrical impedance of the order of 50%–60% for lower frequencies with prominent capacitive coupling and a change of the order of 200% at higher frequencies with prominent inductive coupling with the application of magnetic field. However, no spin accumulation was observed in the insulating networks formed by a modified oxidative process. This study is expected to serve as a tool to develop frequency selective spin accumulation based magnetic field sensors and oscillator networks.
... FTIR analysis of HCSA-doped PANI nanofibers and HCSA-doped PANI/rGO nanofibers are given in Figure 8a, which reveals the presence of expected functional groups. The FTIR analysis of HCSA-doped polyaniline nanofibers imparts the existence of the functional groups present in the poly-aniline and camphor-10-sulfonic acid [38]. The absorption peak at 2384 cm −1 shows the presence of sulfonic acid, at 2216 cm −1 (N=N-N) bonds are present and at 2032 cm −1 (C=C=C) bonds are indicated. ...
The electrospinning process allows the production of nanofibers from polymer solutions, making them
suitable for various applications such as sensors, electronic
devices, conductive materials, and advanced composites for
high-temperature environments. In this research, polyaniline (PANI) was doped with camphor sulfonic camphor sulfonic acid (HCSA). HCSA dopant is used to modify the electrical and structural properties of polyaniline. To introduce
reduced graphene oxide as a nanofiller to enhance the electrical properties of the polymer. Both the HCSA-doped PANI
and HCSA-doped PANI with rGO nanofibers were electrospun separately to create individual nanofibers. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the
chemical composition and functional groups present in the
nanofibers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy
was employed to study the nanofibers’ morphology, structure, and surface characteristics. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to assess the thermal stability of the nanofibers
and to approximate the content of rGO. These results indicate that the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) led
to improvements in the nanofibers’ electrical conductivity
and thermal stability
... The formation of NiO NPs occur in three stages as depicted below in reactions (i), (ii), and (iii). Furthermore, the reaction mechanism for the formation of Polyaniline from its precursor, aniline, has been addressed [29]. ...
... A distinct peak is also observed at 1385 cm À 1 , which can be attributed to C=N + stretching near the quinoid structure. Three peaks at 1308, 1508, and 1595 cm À 1 indicate the presence of ring-stretching vibrations of the quinoid and benzenoid rings (QÀ B). [32] These bonds confirm the existence of PANI in the Fe 3 O 4 /MWCNT/ZnO/PANI nanocomposite. Figure 3(b) shows the FTIR spectra of the Fe 3 O 4 / MWCNT/ZnO/PANI nanocomposite, illustrating different compositions of PANI. ...
With increasing concerns regarding the potential health risks associated with microwave‐based technology, researchers have been actively investigating materials with impressive microwave absorption properties. In this study, a synthesis and investigation of a nanocomposite, named Fe3O4/MWCNT/ZnO/PANI, consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4), multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), zinc oxide (ZnO), and polyaniline (PANI) as a microwave‐absorbing material, was carried out for the first time. The nanocomposite was prepared through a simple physical mixing approach and demonstrated tunable microwave absorption, making it highly suitable for shielding applications. Structural analysis techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDAX), confirmed the presence of all components in the nanocomposite. Moreover, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) further verified the formation of nanocomposite components and revealed an adjustable optical bandgap ranging from 2.86 to 3.34 eV. Impressively, the nanocomposite exhibited promising microwave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −32.66 dB for the nanocomposite containing 37.50 % PANI by weight, and a maximum electromagnetic bandwidth (EB) of 2.26 GHz for the nanocomposite containing 44.44 % PANI by weight, indicating its potential as an effective shielding material. Furthermore, a modified theory combining transmission line, Landau‐Lifshits, and Drude‐Lorentz theories was introduced to extract complex relative permittivity and permeability, providing insights into the role of polyaniline in enhancing the microwave absorption properties of the nanocomposite as measured by reflection loss (RL).
... The improvement of solubility of the copolymer may be due to the action of the silver atoms which help reduce the cross linking of the copolymer chains; the plasticizing effect of the polymer chains increases the brittleness of the polymer lms. The polar bromo-group could take part to some degree in formation of hydrogen bonding, which changes solvation properties and improves their solubility in polar solvents [25]. Moreover, there could be the occurrence of Ar-Br activation with Ag atoms. ...
The formation of materials between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and a polyaniline matrix can lead to various composites, depending on the specific conditions imposed by the researchers basedon the targets and applications initially intended. These nanocomposites often exhibit enhanced electrical, optical, and catalytic properties compared to either component considered by itself. Therefore, such new materials are sought–after and targeted for synthesis. New copolymer composites of silverdispersed poly(aniline–co–3–bromoaniline) copolymer nanocomposites at different molar ratios were synthesized by insitu chemical oxidative polymerization methods. Characterization includes UV–vis spectroscopy, FT–IR spectroscopy, X–ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy.The optical absorption absorption peaks at 338 and 596 nm are ascribed to the n–π* electronic transitions, respectively. The formation of benzenoid and quinoid rings of the copolymer system was confirmed by FT–IR spectroscopy. XRD spectral data confirms the amorphous nature of the copolymer. The SEM image depicts the agglomerated and spherical granular morphology with average sizes of 150 to 300 nm. According to a study on electrical conductivity, conductivity decreases as the feed ratio of 3–bromoaniline monomer increases1.13×10 –5 to 5.16×10 –8 S cm –1 .
... Irrespective in all PRC samples, the two most significant peaks are observed around 1560 cm − 1 and 1470 cm − 1 , which are coordinated with C--N stretching deformation of quinoid (Q) and C--C stretching deformation of benzenoid (B) rings of PANI respectively [47]. As the figure depicts, two other typical peaks appear at 1290 cm − 1 and 1230 cm − 1, which can be ascribed as N-H bending and symmetrical point stretching of C-C (or C-N) bonds [56]. The band around 1130 cm − 1 is referred to as C-H in-plane bending [56]. ...
... As the figure depicts, two other typical peaks appear at 1290 cm − 1 and 1230 cm − 1, which can be ascribed as N-H bending and symmetrical point stretching of C-C (or C-N) bonds [56]. The band around 1130 cm − 1 is referred to as C-H in-plane bending [56]. The use of APS as an oxidant is substantiated by the characterisation peak that appeared at 1040 cm − 1 [57]. ...
... The use of APS as an oxidant is substantiated by the characterisation peak that appeared at 1040 cm − 1 [57]. The peaks corresponding to k-values 580 cm − 1 , 680 cm − 1 and 880 cm − 1 are attributed to C-S stretching vibrational mode in the sulphate anion, stretching deformation of the aromatic ring and out-of-plane deformation of the C-H bond in 1,2,4-disubstituted benzene [56,58]. In addition, the absorbance peaks around 580 cm − 1 and 880 cm − 1 also signify the presence of Fe-O bonds in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the ferrite lattice [59]. ...
... 46,47 The four functional group peaks are also visible on other plates; however, the PANI and CQD interaction has somewhat altered the range. 48 Apart from PANI, the other polymer plates exhibit CQO stretching 49 frequencies in the vicinity of 1700 cm À1 . The CQDs solely possess a carbonyl group, and the polymers form a strong bond with the CQDs. ...
... Surface coating with conducting polymers modifies the adsorption phenomena leading its applicability in the separation science [6,7]. Polyaniline (PANI) is highly studied conducting polymer among the polymers because of its astonishing electrical properties (for its conjugated structure with charge delocalization along the backbone) and excellent environmental stability with ease of synthesis [8][9][10]. PANI has diverse applications in the fields of photovoltaics [11], gas separation membranes [12], corrosion devices [13], photocatalytic activity [14], etc. ...
The present work reports fabrication of polyaniline (PANI)-porous silicon (PS) heterostructure obtained by PANI coating on PS using vacuum coating deposition technique. Electrical properties are studied through the measurement of current (I)–voltage (V) characteristics. Some parameters (viz. ideality factor, barrier height, series resistance) are calculated from the I-V plots. Fitting of these curves is done with the thermionic emission (TE) and Cheung’s method. It is found that Cheung’s method provides better knowledge about the heterostructure in terms of series resistance. The heterostructure comes out as an electrically active material with minimal series resistance of 23.53 kΩ resulting high-driven electric current. The I–V of the heterostructure follows space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism due to the presence of traps or imperfection in the heterostructure. Prior to electrical measurement the device is characterized through field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), UV–vis–NIR reflectance, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra for morphological and optical properties. FESEM shows the modified PS structure after PANI deposition revealing short-chained PANI molecules due to thermal treatment. UV–vis-NIR shows lower reflectance of the heterostructure due to impregnation of PANI to the pores of PS resulting change in refractive index. PANI-PS shows quenched PL peak. Raman spectra complement the FESEM results.
