Table 2 - uploaded by Allan N. Rae
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With the rapid increase in consumption of some livestock products in Indonesia, expansion of domestic production of these commodities may enhance smallholders’ incomes, increase rural employment and add to the country’s trade balance. Policy analysis matrices (PAMs) were constructed to estimate divergences between private and social costs and retur...
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Context 1
... Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) as developed by Monke and Pearson provided the framework for the analyses. The generalised structure of a PAM is indicated in Table 2, where all entries are on a "per unit of output" basis. Each revenue and cost item is measured two ways-using observed mar- ket prices (private values), and then at intern- ationalprices (social values). ...
Context 2
... domestic and border prices of the ith non-tradable input; i=l >. ... m = tradable inputs; and i= n,..., N = primary domestic factors, that a switch from distorted (market) to undistorted (international) prices would have no impact on the quantities of inputs used per unit output-that is, the ag's in the first and second rows of Table 2 are identical, Private (market) data for the analyses were ob- tained from surveys of farmers, processors and traders conducted during 1988 (Kasryno et al). For both broiler and egg production, a total of 110 farmers were surveyed across the regions of Bogor and Tasikmalaya (West Java) and Lampung in South Sumatra. ...
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The livestock sector of Sudan provides livelihood for about 17% of the population. Sudanese livestock products meet the domestic demand for meat in addition to a substantial excess for export amounting to about 22% of total country exports. It contributes about 19% of GDP. Sheep marketing in Sudan is characterised by traditional operations and is i...
Citations
... Such government assistance has also resulted in mixed incentives to producers, for example where assistance offered to animal feed production produces disincentives to livestock production (Rae 1992, Rae and Kasryno 1993. Even where self-sufficiency has been achieved, its sustainability into the future must be questioned. ...
Livestock consumption is expanding rapidly in East Asia. Governments have responded by supporting and protecting domestic production but resource constraints and environmental problems are adding to the costs of self-sufficie ncy objectives. Rising costs to consumers and taxpayers are also causing such an approach to be questioned, both domestically and internationally. While the Uruguay Round resulted in greater transparency of agricultural trade barriers and limited liberalization, substantial barriers to trade in livestock products remain. This paper makes a projection of the global economy to 2005, and then seeks to determine the impacts of alternative outcomes of the next WTO Millenium Round. Three options for reform are explored - one is restricted to freeing up grains trade, while the others evaluate across-the-board reductions in tariffs and export subsidies in agriculture. The outcomes with regard to East Asia and its trade in livestock products differ substantially across the e scenarios.
Consumption functions for total animal‐derived food products were estimated for six East Asian countries. Incorporation of urbanisation was found to make a significant contribution to the functions. The urbanisation elasticities were always positive, indicating that the process of urbanisation had a positive effect on the demand for animal food products. The expenditure elasticities were also positive, but often less than they would be if estimated from consumption functions that excluded the effects of urbanisation. Thus, projections of consumption that ignore the influence of urbanisation may be biased.
Bitkisel ve hayvansal gıda talebi nüfus artışına bağlı olarak artış göstermektedir. Hayvansal üretim talebi de bununla paralel bir şekilde artmaktadır. Antalya ili sahil bandı örtü altı üretimi ve turizm sektörü açısından elverişlidir. Buna karşın, yayla bandında yer alan bölgeler hayvancılık için uygun bir ortam sağlamaktadır. Turizm sezonunda kent, nüfusunun üstünde nüfus ağırladığından, bitkisel ve hayvansal gıda talebinde de artış yaşanmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, kentin artan hayvansal gıda talebinin karşılanmasında hayvansal üretim önem kazanmaktadır. Antalya’da koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliğinin hayvansal üretim içerisinde belirgin bir payı vardır. Küçükbaş hayvancılık, süt ve süt ürünleri ile et üretimi bakımından sahil bandında artan hayvansal gıda ihtiyacının önemli bir bölümünü karşılamaktadır. Ancak, bunun sürdürülebilir olması açısından ekonomik etkenlerin beklentileri karşılaması gerekmektedir. Küçükbaş hayvancılıkta sürdürülebilirlik; pek çok ekonomik, kültürel, politik ve sosyo-ekonomik faktörden etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle, küçükbaş hayvancılıkta sürdürülebilirliğe etki eden ekonomik faktörlerin incelenmesi izlenecek politikaların kurgulanması aşamasında önem taşımaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada Antalya ili örneğinde küçükbaş hayvancılık süt üretim faaliyetinde sürdürülebilirliğe etki eden ekonomik faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini Antalya ilinde damızlık küçükbaş hayvan işletmelerinden yüz yüze anket yolu ile elde edilen orijinal (birincil) veriler oluşturmaktadır. Alan araştırması Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde gerçekleştirilmiş, örnekleme yöntemi olarak tabakalı örnekleme metodu kullanılmıştır. Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde gerçekleştirilen araştırma kapsamında 3 ilde toplam 151 anket yapılmış, bu çalışmada sadece Antalya ilinde gerçekleştirilen 72 anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma dönemi 2016 Ekim ve 2017 Eylül arasını içeren 1 yıllık dönemi kapsamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Antalya’da küçükbaş hayvancılık süt üretimi faaliyetinde yem masrafları %40’lık payı ile en büyük masraf kalemini oluşturmaktadır. Antalya’da küçükbaş hayvancılık süt üretiminin ekonomik olarak sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için süt üretimi gelirini artıracak ve yem masraflarını azaltacak önlemlerin alınması ve yetiştiricilerin daha fazla destekleme kaleminden yararlanabilmesi için gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılması gerekmektedir.
Rapid economic growth in East Asia is encouraging the increased contribution of livestock products to human diets. Consumption functions are estimated for white and red meats and dairy products and used to make projections to the year 2002. Consumption projections are next compared with likely developments in domestic production of livestock products. It is concluded that increased volumes of red meat imports will be required, that increased demand for white meat imports will be partially satisfied from within the region, and that all study countries will require increased dairy product imports. Uruguay Round implications are also considered. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Im Zuge der Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union hat die Diskussion um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des agrar- und ernährungswirtschaftlichen Sektors der EU bzw. ihrer Beitrittskandidaten vermehrt an Interesse gewonnen. Hierzu wurden qualitative und quantitative Untersuchungen für eine Reihe mittel-, osteuropäischer und GUS-Staaten durchgeführt, um deren agrarwirtschaftliche Stärke und Potential gegenüber der EU sowie ihre agrarpolitische Vorgehensweise zu beurteilen.
Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes des Zentrums für internationale Entwicklungs- und Umweltforschung (ZEU) wird speziell der Sektor der ukrainischen Milchwirtschaft auf seine internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit sowie die staatliche Einflussnahme auf diesen Sektor untersucht. Die Milchwirtschaft besitzt in der Ukraine traditionell einen hohen Stellwert, erlebte seit der Unabhängigkeit des Landes jedoch einen dramatischen Einbruch. Einhergehend mit einer makroökonomischen Stabilisierung und erstmals durchgreifender agrarpolitischer Reformen verzeichnet sich seit dem Jahr 2000 ein leichter Aufwärtstrend.
Im vorliegenden Diskussionsbeitrag erfolgt auszugsweise aus dem Forschungsprojekt anhand eines konkreten Fallbeispiels eine nähere Analyse des ukrainischen Molkereiwesens. Mittels Methodik der Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) wird die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Butterproduktion sowie die staatliche Unterstützung / Diskriminierung einer kleinen regionalen Molkerei der Zentralukraine untersucht. Obwohl diese Untersuchung nicht repräsentativ ist, stellt sie eine quantitative Analyse einer typischen Betriebsform des Sektors dar.
Neben der inhaltlichen Aussage sind die Erprobung der Anwendbarkeit der Methode PAM, das Auffinden ihrer Stärken und Schwächen sowie die Ermittlung ihrer Aussagefähigkeit wesentliches Ziel dieser Studie und des vorliegenden Diskussionsbeitrags.
Consumption functions for total animal-derived food products were estimated for six East Asian countries. Incorporation of urbanisation was found to make a significant contribution to the functions. The urbanisation elasticities were always positive, indicating that the process of urbanisation had a positive effect on the demand for animal food products. The expenditure elasticities were also positive, but often less than they would be if estimated from consumption functions that excluded the effects of urbanisation. Thus, projections of consumption that ignore the influence of urbanisation may be biased.
