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Freshwater habitats such as springs, streams and lakes at mountain area represent extremely fragile ecosystems. These types of habitats occur in the wide area of Vranica Mountain. During our research (August and September 2018) of freshwater habitats in this area, rare golden macroalgae Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan was found. It has been al...
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... Of the 16 carbon sources mentioned above, 9 are potentially made by macroalgae (Table 1). Three macroalgae-derived compounds (b-hydroxybutyric [46], L-fucose [27][28][29], and acetic acid [47]) each were differentially utilized by M1M2 and M3M4M5 (Fig. 3; Table 1), which is correlated with the genetic differentiation of the corresponding gene -specific genes and M5-specific genes; (36) M5S1-specific genes and M5S2specific genes. Gene families falling in the functional categories, "energy production and conversion", "amino acid transport and metabolism", and "carbohydrate transport and metabolism", are each attached with a gene name and framed in a box with a background color corresponding to a functional category. ...
... Of these compounds, L-fucose is a major component of macroalgal fucoidan and constitutes up to 40% of the monosaccharides in some brown algae (27). Acetic acid can be released by some red algae (47), though it is commonly produced by other marine organisms, including bacteria (48). Moreover, M1M2 showed better growth than did M3M4M5 when utilizing another six different carbon sources in the phenotype microarray assay (Fig. 3B), including glycolic acid, which is a major component in brown algae (49). ...
Prokaryotic species, defined with operational thresholds, such as 95% of the whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) or 98.7% similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, commonly contain extensive fine-grained diversity in both the core genome and the accessory genome. However, the ways in which this genomic microdiversity and its associated phenotypic microdiversity are organized and structured is poorly understood, which disconnects microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning.
... In general, alginates with a low M/G ratio and a large proportion of guluronic blocks form a robust and rigid gel. Those with a low number of guluronic blocks and a high M/G ratio produce soft and elastic gels [4]. Alginates are widely used as stabilizers in various food industries, textile print pastes, gelling agents in medical industries, impression material in dentistry, and anticoagulant material in toothpaste [1,5]. ...
Alginates are widely used as gelling agents in textile print pastes, medical industries, impression material in dentistry, and anticoagulant material in toothpaste. In the present study, the content and spectroscopic characterization (1H NMR and FT-IR) of the sodium alginates were investigated in the eight brown seaweeds Sargassum muticum, Fucus vesiculosus f. volubilis, Carpodesmia tamariscifolia, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Laminaria ochroleuca, Cystoseira humilis, Saccorhiza polyschides, and Fucus guiryi harvested from the NW Atlantic coast of Morocco. The results proved that the most studied algae depicted alginate yields higher than 18% dry weight. The FT-IR analysis showed that the spectra of the extracted alginates exhibited significant similarities to the commercial alginate from Sigma-Aldrich. The 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated that the extracted alginates have a high content of β-D-mannuronic (M) than α-L-guluronic acid (G) with M/G ratio values ranging from 1.04 to 4.41. The homopolymeric fractions FMM are remarkably high compared to the FGG and heteropolymeric fractions (FGM = FMG) especially for F. guiryi, C humilis, C. tamariscifolia, L. ochroleuca, and S. polyschides. Nevertheless, the heteropolymeric fractions (FGM/FMG) are quite abundant in the alginates of S. muticum, F. vesiculosus f. volubilis, and B. bifurcata accounting for more than 52% of the polymer diads. Based on these results, the investigated algal species (except Fucus guiryi and Bifurcaria bifurcata) could be regarded as potential sources of alginates for industrial uses.
... Brittany, in the western part of France, is the main region of the country for algal production (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011), mainly for the extraction of alginates. We wondered therefore if some brown macroalgae could be exploited for the production of other compounds of interest such that these algae/compounds could be proposed to the cosmetic industry. ...
This study was focused on the phenolic content and associated cosmetic activities of seven brown marine macroalgae: Alaria esculenta, Ascophyllum nodosum, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Fucus serratus, Halidrys siliquosa, Himanthalia elongata, and Laminaria ochroleuca, selected for their abundance in Brittany and their phlorotannin production. Phlorotannins were extracted by maceration followed by a liquid/liquid purification to obtain fractions enriched in phlorotannins. Seasonal and yearly variations in phenolic contents were investigated thanks to the Folin-Ciocalteu assay to find the best harvesting season for each species. ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to validate the presence of phenolic compounds and to compare the species in terms of phenolic signals, as they produce different phlorotannin molecules. Activities required for cosmetic applications (i.e., radical scavenging, antioxidant, photoprotective, and anti-aging activities) were assessed by in vitro tests. Fucales, especially A. nodosum, F. serratus, H. elongata, and H. siliquosa, showed higher phenolic contents than Laminariales. Temporal variations were apparent for five seaweeds with the highest phenolic content, notably in autumn. The phenolic content was high regardless of the season and antioxidant and photoprotective activities were similar to those of commercial molecules, allowing year-round algal harvesting. The anti-aging activity of A. nodosum and F. serratus fractions was higher than the active tea flavonol, epigallocatechin gallate. These results are promising for the use of abundant marine macroalgae as a source of natural active ingredients for cosmetic applications.
... Today, macroalgae represent a promising source of natural products with high added value for the cosmetic (e.g., mycosporine-like amino acids and phlorotannins as photoprotective agents; Sinha et al. 2007;Le Lann et al. 2016), nutraceutical (e.g., antitumor activity of fucoidan and phlorotannins; Zubia et al. 2009aZubia et al. , 2009bSanjeewa et al. 2017), agriculture (e.g., oligosaccharides used to stimulate natural defenses of plants in fertilizers; Khan et al. 2009), or pharmaceutical sectors (e.g., anticancer molecule like Halomon extracted from Portieria hornemannii; Egorin et al. 1997). While the development of the seaweed industry is already well established in mainland France and especially Brittany (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011;Stiger-Pouvreau and Guerard 2018), only few studies have been reported so far for macroalgae present in tropical French Overseas territories (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011). ...
... Today, macroalgae represent a promising source of natural products with high added value for the cosmetic (e.g., mycosporine-like amino acids and phlorotannins as photoprotective agents; Sinha et al. 2007;Le Lann et al. 2016), nutraceutical (e.g., antitumor activity of fucoidan and phlorotannins; Zubia et al. 2009aZubia et al. , 2009bSanjeewa et al. 2017), agriculture (e.g., oligosaccharides used to stimulate natural defenses of plants in fertilizers; Khan et al. 2009), or pharmaceutical sectors (e.g., anticancer molecule like Halomon extracted from Portieria hornemannii; Egorin et al. 1997). While the development of the seaweed industry is already well established in mainland France and especially Brittany (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011;Stiger-Pouvreau and Guerard 2018), only few studies have been reported so far for macroalgae present in tropical French Overseas territories (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011). ...
Extracts from 26 marine macroalgal species (11 Phaeophyceae, 7 Chlorophyta, and 8 Rhodophyta) sampled from the lagoons of Tahiti, Moorea, and Tubuai (French Polynesia) were tested for several biological activities. The red macroalga Amansia rhodantha exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities using four complementary methodologies (total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay). Therefore, the major metabolites of A. rhodantha were isolated and their structures identified. Some brown algae, especially species of the family Dictyotaceae like Padina boryana and Dictyota hamifera, showed cytotoxic activities against murine melanoma cells. Caulerpa chemnitzia extract demonstrated also a strong α-glucosidase inhibition (83.8% at 10 μg mL⁻¹) and Asparagopsis taxiformis extract a high acetylcholinesterase inhibition (71.3% at 100 μg mL⁻¹). Lastly, several Polynesian seaweeds demonstrated quorum-sensing inhibition for Vibrio harveyi. These results suggested that some seaweeds from French Polynesia have a great biotechnological potential for future applications in aquaculture, health, or cosmetic industries.
... They are rich sources of highly bioactive secondary metabolites for applications in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics (2). It has been recognized that seaweed contains signifi cant amounts of mineral matter [1.1-2.5% dry weight (DW)], protein (1-30% DW), lipid (0.3-4% DW), polysaccharides (15-65% DW), phytohormones, and pigments (2,3), in which seaweed extracts such as agar, carrageenan, and fucoidan have been used for nutritional and nutraceutical Address all correspondence to Dang Diem Hong at ddhong60vn@yahoo.com. benefi ts, as well as in successful cosmetic formulation (4). ...
Seaweed is rich source of natural bioactive compounds that could be exploited as functional ingredient for cosmetic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical compositions and bioactivities of 10 seaweeds collected from coastal waters of Vietnam. The present study also prepared and evaluated cream mask from mixture of seaweeds extracted with water. The results showed that Caulerpa lentillifera, Sargassum crassifolium, Ulva reticulata, and Kappaphycus alvarezii are potential rich sources of protein, polysaccharide, carotenoids, and vitamins with high antibacterial, cell proliferation, moisture retention, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Physicochemical analysis of cream mask from a mixture of these seaweed extracts indicated that it is yellowish brown in color with a specific odor of seaweed, stable, and homogeneous for up to 12 months of storage, with a pH of 6.1, and high spread and adhesive abilities. No total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and heavy metals were detected in the seaweed mask cream. The seaweed cream mask was safe and caused no irritation to normal human skin, and it satisfied provisions of Circular No. 06/2011/TT-BYT dated January 25, 2011 of the Vietnam Ministry of Health, providing cosmetic management for the cosmetic products with anti-aging and moisturizing effects.
... Macroalgae, as primary producers, are not only a food source for herbivores but also provide a refuge for many marine species, and represent then a possible indicator of ecosystem health in coastal areas and around offshore islands (Lobban and Harrison 1997;Hay 1997;Gattuso et al. 1997;Diaz-Pulido and McCook 2003;Golléty et al. 2008;Iken 2012;Migné et al. 2015). Their chemical compounds also have commercial values as dry raw materials often used for food, and particularly their phycocolloids product which represent important bioactive materials usually used for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products (Stengel et al. 2011;Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011;Chopin and Neish 2014;Stiger-Pouvreau et al. 2015). ...
In this study, we combined remote sensing data and in situ observations to explore the potential habitats of macroalgae at Libukang Island, Indonesia. High-resolution satellite images from the GeoEye-1 were used to estimate and to map the geomorphological structures together with macroalgal species in the study area. Seasonal variations of percentage cover and biomass of macroalgae associated with substrates were investigated in May and November 2014, and June 2015, using quadrats as sampling unit. A total of nine common genera were found in the study area with three dominant genera: Sargassum, Padina, and Turbinaria. Most of macroalgae was observed in the eastern part of the Island, on several substrate types and particular oceanographic conditions (wave and current). Mean biomasses of Sargassum and Padina were high in May (1189.6 ± 455 and 166.7 ± 15.4 g DW.m⁻², respectively), while the biomass of Turbinaria was high in November (3245 ± 599.8 g DW.m⁻²). The map accuracy of image classification for all typology substrates was 74.19%. Overall, approximately 62.3% of the total study area can be considered as potential for natural macroalgae habitats. Spectral response characteristic of shallow water substrates at study area based on GeoEye-1 is also presented. The results of this study exhibit a potential utilization of natural macroalgae in the study area, and provide information for a possible diversification of the use of macroalgae in Indonesia. The method could be useful for habitat management and future biomonitoring in the study area or other similar areas in Indonesia.
... 1 Seaweeds represent 23.4% of the tonnage and 9.7% of the value of the marine, brackish water, and freshwater aquaculture production, estimated at 59.4 million tonnes and $ 70.3 billion in 2004. 2,3 They are used as food, fodder, feed and fertilizer 4 and many of the bioactive compounds produced by the macroalgae are known to have potential beneficial use in healthcare. 5,6 Many mcroalgae in habitat in complex ecosystems exposed to adverse conditions and, in adapting to new environmental surroundings, they produce a wide variety of primary metabolites and phytochemicals which cannot be found in other plants. ...
... Amongst the macroalgae species (close to 10,000), only a limited number have been the object of extensive studies due to their unique composition and consequent diversity of biological activities or health benefits [20]. Species belonging to the brown Dictyotaceae and Sargassaceae families have been studied in detail due to the presence of diterpenes, which have a wide range of biological properties, such as antimicrobial or antitumoral [21]. Among those families, Bifurcaria bifurcata, which can only be found in the northeastern Atlantic coasts, from Morocco to northwestern Ireland, is known to biosynthesize components rarely found in other macroalgae species, namely linear diterpenes [22]. ...
Macroalgae have been seen as an alternative source of molecules with promising bioactivities to use in the prevention and treatment of current lifestyle diseases. In this vein, the lipophilic fraction of short-term (three weeks) cultivated Bifurcaria bifurcata was characterized in detail by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). B. bifurcata dichloromethane extract was composed mainly by diterpenes (1892.78 ± 133.97 mg kg−1 dry weight (DW)), followed by fatty acids, both saturated (550.35 ± 15.67 mg kg−1 DW) and unsaturated (397.06 ± 18.44 mg kg−1 DW). Considerable amounts of sterols, namely fucosterol (317.68 ± 26.11 mg kg−1 DW) were also found. In vitro tests demonstrated that the B. bifurcata lipophilic extract show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities (against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria), using low extract concentrations (in the order of µg mL−1). Enhancement of antibiotic activity of drug families of major clinical importance was observed by the use of B. bifurcata extract. This enhancement of antibiotic activity depends on the microbial strain and on the antibiotic. This work represents the first detailed phytochemical study of the lipophilic extract of B. bifurcata and is, therefore, an important contribution for the valorization of B. bifurcata macroalgae, with promising applications in functional foods, nutraceutical, cosmetic and biomedical fields.
... 2 Among these, macroalgae have received increasing attention due to their role in the ecology and local economy in coastal areas where they thrive, and also as targets for the biodiscovery of novel drug leads, a consequence of their wide biodiversity and range of specific molecules that can be extracted from these organisms. 3,4 Cystoseira C. Agardh, 1820 is a polyphyletic genus of marine macroalgae of the Sargassaceae family. Distributed along the Atlantic-Mediterranean coasts, this genus currently encompasses around 40 species 5,6 and some of most important are shown in Figure 1. ...
Cystoseira (Sargassaceae) is a genus of marine brown algae composed of about 40 species, which is dis-
tributed along the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. The biological potential of the Cystoseira
genus has been investigated and several activities have been reported. Chemically, this genus contains
a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids, steroids, phlorotannins and phenolic com-
pounds. Additionally, other chemical components as, for instance, carbohydrates, triacylglycerols/fatty
acids, pigments as well as vitamins have been identified in the studied species. Some of the isolated
compounds were associated with the reported pharmacological properties, as for example antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, anticancer, cholinesterase inhibition, anti-diabetic, activities but also
antibacterial, antifungal and anti-parasitic activities. In this review, we provide a comprehensive
overview of the compounds isolated and identified after 1995 from the different species of Cystoseira,
compiling more than 200 compounds isolated, together with their therapeutic potential.
... The predominant algal polysaccharides are the alginates in brown macroalgae, and the sulfate-esterified polysaccharides of macro-and microalgae that are widespread in red, brown, and green seaweeds (Aquino et al. 2005;Popper et al. 2011). The cellular quantities and compositions of these polysaccharides vary among species and with seasonal and environmental changes (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau 2011;Mak et al. 2013). ...
Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. There is substantial evidence for the health benefits of algal-derived food products, but there remain considerable challenges in quantifying these benefits, as well as possible adverse effects. First, there is a limited understanding of nutritional composition across algal species, geographical regions, and seasons, all of which can substantially affect their dietary value. The second issue is quantifying which fractions of algal foods are bioavailable to humans, and which factors influence how food constituents are released, ranging from food preparation through genetic differentiation in the gut microbiome. Third is understanding how algal nutritional and functional constituents interact in human metabolism. Superimposed considerations are the effects of harvesting, storage, and food processing techniques that can dramatically influence the potential nutritive value of algal-derived foods. We highlight this rapidly advancing area of algal science with a particular focus on the key research required to assess better the health benefits of an alga or algal product. There are rich opportunities for phycologists in this emerging field, requiring exciting new experimental and collaborative approaches.
Open Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5
