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Chemistry plays an important role in the study of archaeological materials. It has in fact allowed us to infer trade routes by studying ancient artefacts and also to shed light on the technology used to make them. The diet and customs of ancient peoples have also been discovered by applying chemical methods. Chemistry also intervenes in the underst...
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... Among biomaterials produced from the sea, polysaccharides are widely employed in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, wastewater treatment, paper manufacturing, etc. (Kim and Venkatesa 2013). Marine enzymes with novel and exciting catalytic activity have recently been brought to biocatalysis applications (Birolli et al. 2019). ...
The marine ecosystem is a unique and complicated system that is characterized primarily by the great biodiversity, representing the richness of diverse habitats and the variations of life forms. It involves various marine organisms with great chemical diversity, and they are rich sources of secondary metabolites relative to terrestrial organisms. The oceans thus always offer excellent opportunities for discovering valuable materials from various organisms. Such compounds contain a wide range of chemical structures and functions, which for more specific potentialities are wider. The produced compounds have a vital role in the human and animal life and are widely used as antimicrobial, antioxidants, antiviral, anticancer, and food and feed and in food and pharmaceuticals industry. However, in many fields such as food, cosmetics, dietary supplements, animal feed, bioactive packaging, and industrial products, as well as in high-tech biomedical sectors, applications of novel marine molecules are now found.
... In this context, tons of chitosan are potentially produced annually, especially from shrimp, fish scales, and crab shell residues. Indeed, increased fishing, aquaculture and seafood consumption can provide large quantities of chitin and chitosan as biowaste [22] and can be extracted commercially as competent polymers. However, current waste management in Southeast Asia is insufficient, and has negative environmental and human health consequences. ...
With a growing population, changes in consumerism behavior and trends in consumption in Indo-Pacific Asia, our seafood processing and consumption practices produce a large volume of waste products. There are several advantages in regulating and sustaining shellfish processing industries. The major advantage of waste management is that it leads to better conservation of natural resources in the long run. Shrimp shell waste contains useful biomaterials, which are still untapped due to inadequate waste disposal and solid waste management. Chitin, the major component of shell waste, can be extracted either chemically or biologically. The chemical extraction approaches, which use acids and alkali, could be an environmental burden. On the other hand, biological methods can be eco-friendly alternatives for shell waste management. In this review, recent trends in management of shellfish waste as sources of chitin, conversion of chitin into chitosan, economic aspects of waste treatment and application of chitosan will be discussed.
... About 30% of such waste consists of skin, bone and scale having high collagen content; thus, it could be used to produce collagen. The conversion of waste into collagen may help to avoid environmental problems related to fish waste and produce value-added products which increase the economic return of the fish processing industry (Ferraro et al. 2010;Bay on et al. 2018;Kim and Venkatesan 2013). Fish collagen is absorbed up to 1.5 times more efficiently into the body and has higher bioavailability over porcine and bovine collagen (Sripriya and Kumar 2015). ...
During the processing of the fishery resources, the significant portion is either discarded or used to produce low-value fish meal and oil. However, the discarded portion is the rich source of valuable proteins such as collagen, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. Collagen is a vital protein in the living body as a component of a fibrous structural protein in the extracellular matrix, connective tissue and building block of bones, tendons, skin, hair, nails, cartilage and joints. In recent years, the use of fish collagen as an increasingly valuable biomaterial has drawn considerable attention from biomedical researchers, owing to its enhanced physicochemical properties, stability and mechanical strength, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review focuses on summarizing the growing role of fish collagen for biomedical applications. Similarly, the recent advances in various biomedical applications of fish collagen, including wound healing, tissue engineering and regeneration, drug delivery, cell culture and other therapeutic applications, are discussed in detail. These applications signify the commercial importance of fish collagen for the fishing industry, food processors and biomedical sector.
... In light of this interest, researchers have been paying considerable attention to marine-derived biomacromolecules and biomolecules with properties appropriate for various applications [129][130][131][132][133][134]. Since the usefulness of biopolymers taken alone is limited, biocomposites combining the characteristics of two or more marine biomaterials are of growing interest. ...
... Some of the most promising areas for the application of these biocomposites are in the medical and food packaging industries. However, they are also noteworthy for their mechanical properties for materials in diverse sectors, and in wastewater treatment [129][130][131]. ...
... Marine biomaterials based on polysaccharides (chitin, fucoidan, alginate, etc.) and collagen are currently thoroughly investigated for the biomedical industry due to their biocompatibility and their specific properties in bone regeneration and wound healing [129,130]. The current studies focus mainly on three types of applications: tissue engineering, wound-dressing and drug delivery. ...
The review covers recent literature on the ocean as both a source of biotechnological tools and as a source of bio-inspired materials. The emphasis is on marine biomacromolecules namely hyaluronic acid, chitin and chitosan, peptides, collagen, enzymes, polysaccharides from algae, and secondary metabolites like mycosporines. Their specific biological, physicochemical and structural properties together with relevant applications in biocomposite materials have been included. Additionally, it refers to the marine organisms as source of inspiration for the design and development of sustainable and functional (bio)materials. Marine biological functions that mimic reef fish mucus, marine adhesives and structural colouration are explained.
... The major sources of marine biomaterials like collagen, chitosan and carrageenan are from fish, molluscs, crustaceans and algae. Most of the marine biomaterials are highly biocompatible and have found application in the field of tissue engineering (Venkatesan and Kim, 2011). ...
... Therefore, the isolation and characterization of marine-derived materials to obtain the desired characteristics for food, biological, and biomedical applications are important [4]. A significant number of marine species, for example, fishbone [5,6], cuttlefish bone [7], silica from sponges [8,9], and corals [10][11][12], contain bioceramics in their exoskeletons, and can be considered main natural resources for obtaining bioceramics [13,14]. Calcium phosphate, a kind of bioceramic, has been widely used in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications [2,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
Hydroxyapatite (HA), a bioceramic, is a widely utilized material for bone tissue repair and regeneration because of its excellent properties such as biocompatibility, exceptional mechanical strength, and osteoconductivity. HA can be obtained by both synthetic and natural means. Animal bones are often considered a promising natural resource for the preparation of pure HA for biological and biomedical applications. Cuttlefish bone, also called as cuttlebone, mainly consists of calcium carbonate, and pure HA can be produced by adding phosphoric acid or ammonium hydrogen phosphate to it. Recently, cuttlefish bone-derived HA has shown promising results in terms of bone tissue repair and regeneration. The synthesized cuttlefish bone-derived has shown excellent biocompatibility, cell proliferation, increased alkaline phosphate activity, and efficient biomineralization ability with mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblastic cells. To further improve the biological properties of cuttlefish bone-derived HA, bioglass, polycaprolactone, and polyvinyl alcohol were added to it, which gave better results in terms of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Cuttlefish bone-derived HA with polymeric substances provides excellent bone formation under in vivo conditions. The studies indicate that cuttlefish bone-derived HA, along with polymeric and, protein materials, will be promising biomaterials in the field of bone tissue regeneration.
... Then the substrate is subjected to a temperature of 900ºC to obtain the crystals [232].The preferred method used for bones and scales is thermal calcination since it is a relatively simple method that allows the formation of pure crystals. The crystals formed by this methodology have good crystallinity with dimensions between 0.3 -1.0 µm [233,234]. They are non-toxic and can be used in bone tissue engineering [235]. ...
... This inorganic material can also be used to fill teeth and in dental implants [243]. When combined with alginate it is used in porous scaffolds to reconstruct bones and cartilage [233].This inorganic compound can be used in nanoparticle drug delivery system since it does not interfere with the biological metabolism. Surface functionalization of hydroxyapatite nanocrystalsis able to selectively deliver drugs to treat bone cancer [244][245][246][247]. ...
Currently, several relevant industries incorporate bioactive fish molecules (proteins, lipids to minerals) in numerous products. The low prices and high quality of the raw material determine the use of these biomolecules. The high demand for fish originates an inadequate overexploitation of marine resources. In most cases, an industry-only uses part of the fish while the rest is discarded. Fish resources are finite and it is necessary to valorise all biomass in a sustainable way. The amounts of under-utilized residues generated by fish processing industries can create serious environmental problems and have led researchers and industries to actively seek for alternative strategies where the residues from fish transformation can be used as raw materials. The biorefinery concept in the search for sustainability is thriving with the use of all substrate to obtain products to be used by different industries whilst single product extraction ceases. Research has been focused on the use of innovative, economically and environmentally sustainable extraction methods to preserve the biological activity of the molecules and respond to the increasing awareness of consumers in product related issues. These pioneer methods can transform fish wastes into added-value by-products using an efficient and viable economic strategy. In this review, the extraction of different fish residues with environmentally friendly techniques for the obtention of different bioactive compounds will be addressed. The use of different residues and techniques to extract highly desirable biologically active compounds such as collagen, gelatin, lipids, and minerals will be reviewed, demonstrating the potentiality of this subject. The main goal of this review is to help researchers, policymakers and economic agents to understand the trends and the tools available to address such a relevant topic in the years to come.
... Di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan pemanfaatan kulit ikan hiu dan pari sebagai bahan baku untuk campuran pangan dan industri termasuk pengembangan biomaterial fungsional. Seperti yang diketahui dewasa ini para peneliti telah menemukan potensi dari sumber daya laut dengan penemuan beragam biomaterial yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku farmaseutika (Kim & Venkatesan, 2013). ...
Aims:
To evaluate the biological activity of extracts from cultures of marine bacteria against Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Methods and results:
Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from seven marine bacteria were tested against Toxoplasma gondii GFP-RH and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The cytotoxicity on HFF-1 cells was measured by a microplate rezasurin fluorescent approach and the hemolytic activity was determined photometrically. The extracts from Bacillus sp. (INV FIR35 and INV FIR48) affected the tachyzoites viability. The extracts from Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Streptomyces and Micromonospora exhibited effects on infection and proliferation processes of parasite. Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 extract showed a MIC value of 50 µg mL-1 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. All the extracts exhibited relatively low toxicity to HFF-1 cells and the primary culture of erythrocytes, except Bacillus sp. INV FIR35, which decreased cell viability under 20%. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the most active bacterial extract Bacillus sp. INV FIR48, showed the presence of peptide metabolites related to surfactin.
Conclusions:
The extract from culture of deep-sea Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 showed anti-T. gondii and anti-TB biological activity with low cytotoxicity. In addition, peptide metabolites were detected in the extract.
Significance and impact of the study:
Toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and the current treatment drugs exhibit side effects. This study confirm that marine bacteria are on hand sources of anti-infective natural products.
Background
Seafood processing activity causes production of considerable amount of waste/by-products and discards, resulting in negative economic and environmental impacts. Management of sustainable utilisation of seafood resources is essential to avoid environmental problems and provide resource sustainability.
Scope and approach
Fishery discards and seafood by-products are rich in bioactive compounds, including omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, gelatine, collagen, chitin, vitamins, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids etc. Fish discards are also regarded as a good and cheap material for biodiesel production. These high value added compounds have potential applications in many industrial sectors including food, nutraceuticals, pharmacology, medical, agriculture, depending on their functional and structural characteristics. This review will provide a comprehensive information on recent approaches for valorisation of bioactive compounds derived from discards and seafood by products.
Key findings and conclusions
Many studies on the bioactive compounds derived from fishery discards and processing by-products were carried out in terms of nutritional and functional properties. Further studies on bioavailability of nutrients, yield, physicochemical properties, interaction with other ingredients, together with innovative approaches for extraction methods and legislation and safety issues should be considered
