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The purpose of this study was to use low cost and easily accessible biosorbent for batch-scale elimination of brilliant green and acid orange 74 dyes from aqueous solution. Pinus roxburghii leaves were utilized to study their dye-eliminating capacities. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, TGA, DTA, and SEM. The optimized conditions for brillia...
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Pine (Pinus strobus) sawdust (PSD), a sawmill waste, was used as a precursor for the preparation of activated carbon through a chemical activation technique with phosphoric acid at 600 °C (100 min). Phosphoric acid pine sawdust activated carbon (PSDP) was characterized and used for the adsorption of methyl orange (MO). The textural examination was...
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... Agricultural biosorbents have advantages as they are readily available, cost-effective, needless processing time and renewable, giving appropriate adsorption potential (Nguyen et al. 2013). Therefore, many studies have been attentive to the development of non-conventional and low-cost agricultural wastes such as Psidium guajava leaves and, Solanum tuberosum peels (Rehman et al. 2015), Pinus roxburghii leaves (Rehman et al. 2019) and Indian neem leaves (Das et al. 2020). The main goal of this investigation was to assess the potential biosorption of Leucaena leucocephala seed pods for sequestration of JGBD from aqueous effluents. ...
The adsorption method is widely used in water and wastewater treatment; however, most industrial adsorbents are expensive, limiting the use of the adsorption method in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims at developing a biosorbent from waste Leucaena leucocephala seed pods (LLSP) and apply it (as a cost-effective bio-adsorbent) to remove Janus Green B dye (JGBD) from solutions at different values of pH, agitation time, LLSP dose and JGBD concentration. Different techniques were used to characterize LLSP before and after JGBD removal, including pore size distribution, surface area (SBET) analysis, FTIR, SEM, SPM and the point of zero charges (pHpzc) of the LLSP surface. The results proved that LLSP could remove up to 95% of JGBD at pH, LLSP dose, JGBD concentration and agitation time of 9, 0.08 g/100 ml, 50 mg/l and 30 min, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich analyses were applied to fit the data for equilibrium biosorption, and it was noticed that the Langmuir isotherm model fits the data, and the full monolayer biosorption ability for JGBD was 142.85 mg/g.
HIGHLIGHTS
A biosorbent was manufactured from waste Leucaena leucocephala seed pods (LLSP).;
LLSP was used to remove Janus Green B dye (JGBD) from solutions.;
LLSP removed more than 95% of JGBD at pH 9, LLSP dose was 0.08 g/100 ml, JGBD 50 mg/l and agitation time 30 min.;
Langmuir isotherm model proved the monolayer biosorption ability of LLSP for JGBD was 142.85 mg/g.;
... Minor concentration of such dyes in water cannot be overlooked because even 0.005 ppm of such dyes in water can interfere in light path which results into inefficient photosynthesis by the aquatic plants and rest of the ecosystem suffers as a result. Hence, the dye removal is a must before throwing all the effluents directly into water bodies [8]. ...
Water pollution being a potential risk to mankind is treated in several ways which includes chemical treatments. Among them, adsorption took a prominent position for the removal of many hazardous dyes from waste water. Here in this study, an environment-friendly, inexpensive, and broadly available leaves of Brassica oleracea were utilized for adsorption of two carcinogenic dyes, i.e., Congo red and brilliant green. The adsorbent Brassica oleracea leaves were collected, dried, and characterized by FTIR and SEM and then utilized in batch manner for dye removal. Isothermal modeling was carried out on data obtained after experiment which show the best fitting of Langmuir with q max 42.553 and 103.093 mg.g-1 for Congo red (CR) and brilliant green (BG), respectively. Consequently, a homogenous, monolayer mode of adsorption was followed. Kinetic modeling supported pseudosecond order and Elovich model in most suitable manner. It was also found that a spontaneous, exothermic process provided by the values of thermodynamic parameters ( ∆ G ° , ∆ H ° , and ∆ S ° ) was calculated.
... Unprocessed or partially treated dyestuffs containing industrial water have serious adverse effects on natural ecosystem and severely damage the water resources ultimately and cause the complicated health problems in mankind and increase in mortality rate per annum [4]. e dyes mostly persist in water for extended period of time and even in traces are easily visible and can be identified in water [5]. Organic dyes such as azo dyes on introduction in human body can cause tumors and bladder cancer, due to destruction of DNA molecules [6]. ...
Various chemicals were explored in chemical combinations with two selected agrowastes in order to optimize, enhance, and improve their biosorption potential for the optimal and effective eradication of noxious, carcinogenic, and malignant cationic and basic dyes from wastewater. In this project, environmentally safe, economic, inexpensive, and widely available peels of Trapa natans (TP) and Citrullus lanatus (CP) were collected, dried, and pretreated with citric acid, revealing promising results. FT-IR and SEM characterizations of chemically changed biosorbents (C-TP and C-CP) have evidenced the presence of more secondary adsorption sites on their surfaces. These acid-modified biosorbents were employed to eliminate the hazardous and toxic basic dyes such as Rhodamine B (RAD) and Brilliant Green Dye (BLG) in batch mode processing. The Langmuir model was best fitted to equilibrium experimental data as compared to Freundlich and Temkin isothermal mathematical models with Qmax of 15.63 and 27.55 mg/g for RAD using C-TP and C-CP, respectively, whereas, for BLG on C-TP and C-CP, it was 128 and 189 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the mechanism is related to chelation and ion exchange modes between adsorbate molecules and adsorbent surfaces, leading to homogeneous and monolayer adsorption and following pseudo-2nd-order kinetics in the best way. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔS0, ΔH0, and ΔE0 are determined statistically for the adsorption performance of both novel chemically mutant biosorbents, which reflect that biosorption mechanisms are exothermic as well as spontaneous.
... The adsorptive removal of BG and EBT dye using locally available and modified adsorbents has been described by several authors among which manganese oxide-coated zeolite [45], Acid modified grapheme [46], the yellow passion fruit peel 'Passifora edulis f. Flavicarpa' [47], orange peel and orange peel-modified chemically [48], clay [49,50], Pinus roxburghii leaves [51], Sandpaper wastes [52], Bambusa Tulda [53], lawsonia inermis seed powder [9], Ferroferric oxide/polypyrrole composites [23], Limestone chitosan alginate nanocomposite [54], etc. ...
This research aims to assess the employability of fava bean peels (FBP) as low-cost adsorbents in the removal of Brilliant Green (BG) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions and therefore in colored wastewater treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pHPZC were used to characterize these materials. The constants of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich have all been determined. The adsorption capacity of BG and EBT was 28.14 and 7.91 mg g–1, respectively, at 5 g L–1 FBP dose, 40 mg L–1 initial dye concentration, temperature 20°C, and contact time BG (80 min) and EBT (40 min). The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption of BG was endothermic and exothermic for EBT. The isotherm studies show that the adsorption experimental data of both dyes are fitted well by the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of the two dyes studied on fava bean peels is perfectly described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Cyclic experiments have indicated that the current bio-adsorbent can be effectively reused to remove BG and EBT from aqueous solutions. Removal efficiencies remained above 84% and 10% for BG and EBT respectively even after four adsorption–desorption cycles. As a consequence of these relevant results, our inexpensive and environmentally friendly material could provide enormous application prospects in large-scale wastewater treatment in the industrial level.
... en, these were placed in an oven at about 80°C for three days, [23]. and afterward, the adsorbents were crushed and sieved through a 60-mesh sieve. ...
Trapa natans peels (TNPs) and Citrullus lanatus peels (CLPs) were utilized for the biosorptive removal of brilliant green dye (BGD), after modifying with citric acid. Characterization and surface morphology were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For the removal of BGD by citric acid-treated Trapa natans peels (CA-TNPs), the optimum conditions were obtained with adsorbent dose 0.8 g, contact time 25 minutes, initial pH 5, temperature 30°C, and agitation speed 100 rpm, while for the citric acid-treated Citrullus lanatus peels (CA-CLPs), adsorbent dose 0.8 g, contact time 20 minutes, pH 5, temperature 30°C, and agitation speed 100 rpm gave optimum results. The qmax values obtained were 108.6, 128, 144.9, and 188.68 mg/g for R-TNP, CA-TNP, R-CLP, and CA-CLP, respectively, while the correlation coefficient (R2) values obtained were 0.985, 0.986, 0.985, and 0.998 for R-TNP, CA-TNP, R-CLP, and CA-CLP, respectively. These favor the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, with negative (ΔG0) values of all adsorbents, determining that the adsorption phenomenon is exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Both citric acid-treated peels of Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus were found suitable for bulk-scale eradication of hazardous, toxic, and carcinogenic basic cationic dyes.
... As listed by US-EPA, 4-nitrophenol is a cancercausing pollutant [8]. Researchers are continuously searching to find effective and ecofriendly ways to eradicate these toxic dyes and metals from water [9,10]. Different methods are in practice for eradication of dyes such as adsorption, membrane filtration, biological treatment, electrochemical treatment, photocatalytic degradation, ozonation, oxidation, chemical precipitation, and ion exchange [11]. ...
The NiO-ZnO nanocomposite (NiO-ZnO NC) was synthesized by ecofriendly process by using Diospyros kaki (D. kaki) extract of leaves as reducing and capping agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for examined crystallinity, cell dimensions, and crystallite size (7.6 nm). To determine the purity of sample and weight percentage, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) is used. The surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), functional groups in samples were determined. By using diffuse reflectance data (DRS), band gap energy calculated via Tauc plot was 3.23 eV. The photocatalytic activity was checked against brilliant green (BG) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 92.5% and 69.7% of brilliant green (BG) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) were degraded with rate of degradation which were 0.0281 and 0.011 min−1.
... But MV and BG cause irritation to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of human beings. Moreover, MV is an initiator that causes cancer and harsh eye irritation to humans (Ghorai et al., 2014;Rehman et al., 2019). BG is also able to irritate skin and lead to eye pain and redness (Chieng et al., 2015;Nandi et al., 2009). ...
In this work, we successfully synthesized novel polymer gel beads based on functionalized iron oxide (Fe3O4), activated charcoal (AC) particles with β-cyclodextrin (CD) and sodium alginate (SA) polymer (Fe3O4/CD/AC/SA), by a simple, reproducible and inexpensive method. These beads proved to be versatile and strong adsorbents with magnetic properties and high adsorption capacity. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, adsorption at -196 ºC, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and point of zero charge measurements. Two dyes, two drugs and one metal were used to test the adsorption capability of the prepared polymer nanocomposite. The adsorbent showed good removal efficiencies for the studied pollutants, especially the cationic dyes and the metal, when compared to other low-cost adsorbents. The saturated adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/CD/AC/SA reached 5.882 mg g⁻¹for methyl violet (MV), 2.283 mg g⁻¹for brilliant green (BG), 2.551 mg g⁻¹ for norfloxacin (NOX), 3.125 mg g⁻¹for ciprofloxacin (CPX), 10.10 mg g⁻¹ for copper metal ion (Cu(II)). The adsorption isotherm studies show that data fitted well with Langmuir and Temkin isotherms models. The kinetic data showed good correlation coefficient with low error function for the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The data analysis was carried out using error and regression coefficient functions for the estimation of best-fitting isotherm and kinetic models, namely: chi-square test (χ²) and sum of the squares of errors (SSE). The activation energy was found to be 47.68 kJ mol⁻¹ for BG, 29.09 kJ mol⁻¹ for MV, 28.93 kJ mol⁻¹ for NOX, 4.53 kJ mol⁻¹ for CPX and 17.08 kJ mol⁻¹ for Cu(II), which represent chemisorption and physisorption behavior of sorbent molecules. The polymer composites can be regenerated and easily separated from aqueous solution without any weight loss. After regeneration, the Fe3O4/CD/AC/SA beads still have good adsorption capacities up to four cycles of desorption and adsorption. The results indicate that the polymer gel beads are promising adsorbents for the removal of different categories of toxicants (like dyes, drugs and metal) in single adsorbate aqueous systems. Thus, the novel Fe3O4/CD/AC/SA beads can be effectively employed for a large-scale application as environmentally compatible materials for the adsorption of different categories of pollutants.
... Molecules 2021, 26, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 14 nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxides may form. Therefore, there is an urgent need to separate these dyes from wastewater [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Due to the potential toxicity of dyes in natural water ecosystems, the presence of dyes in surface water and groundwater represents a serious problem. ...
In this work, low-cost and readily available limestone was converted into nanolimestone chitosan and mixed with alginate powder and precipitate to form a triple nanocomposite, namely limestone—chitosan–alginate (NLS/Cs/Alg.), which was used as an adsorbent for the removal of brilliant green (BG) and Congo red (CR) dyes in aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies were conducted under varying parameters, including contact time, temperature, concentration, and pH. The NLS/Cs/Alg. was characterized by SEM, FTIR, BET, and TEM techniques. The SEM images revealed that the NLS/Cs/Alg. surface structure had interconnected pores, which could easily trap the pollutants. The BET analysis established the surface area to be 20.45 m2/g. The recorded maximum experimental adsorption capacities were 2250 and 2020 mg/g for CR and BG, respectively. The adsorption processes had a good fit to the kinetic pseudo second order, which suggests that the removal mechanism was controlled by physical adsorption. The CR and BG equilibrium data had a good fit for the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting that adsorption processes occurred on the heterogeneous surface with a multilayer formation on the NLS/Cs/Alg. at equilibrium. The enthalpy change (ΔH0) was 37.7 KJ mol−1 for CR and 8.71 KJ mol−1 for BG, while the entropy change (ΔS0) was 89.1 J K−1 mol−1 for CR and 79.1 J K−1 mol−1 BG, indicating that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
... Dyes are tolerant to microbial, chemical, and photochemical degradation. eir presence in minute amounts (1 mg/L) [3] poses allergic, mutational, and carcinogenic disabilities [4]. Classical methods such as precipitation, ozonation, coagulation, flocculation, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis [5] proved to be limited to smaller scale, poisonous sludge productivity, and expensive procedures, urging scientists to opt for new pathways [6]. ...
Holarrhena antidysenterica (Ha) and Citrullus colocynthis (Cc) biowaste from indigenous Pakistan resources was used to remove toxic brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous solutions in a batch mode. Tartaric acid chemical modification gave promising results than the nonmodified forms of biowaste. Surface characterization was carried out by FT-IR and SEM. The optimum conditions for (BG) dye elimination by Ha-tartaric acid modified (Ha-Ta) were 1.8 g, 45 minutes, 4.0 pH; 40°C, and 100 rpm and with Cc-tartaric acid modified (Cc-Ta) were 1.6 g, 45 minutes, 6.0 pH; 40°C, and 150 rpm dye solution shaking rate, which gave optimum results. Equilibrium data of raw and chemically modified biowaste followed the Langmuir model indicating monolayer chemisorption. Qmax values were found to be 55.24 mg/g, 112.35 mg/g, 50.50 mg/g, and 79.36 mg/g for Ha, Ha-Ta, Cc, and Cc-Ta. Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Dye removal involved surface and intraparticle mode of diffusion. Thermodynamic studies proved the process to be spontaneous and exothermic one. The adsorbents can be effectively utilized for the removal of toxic basic dyes, such as BG from wastewaters.
... Dyes can be easily recognized and visible in wastewater even at a very low concentration of 1 mg/L (Rehman et al., 2019). They interfere with the transmission of light, absorbed and reflect sunlight entering into the water. ...
Areca nut husk, an inexpensive, easily available agricultural by-product modified with sodium hydroxide has been applied to remove Brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous solution. Surface characteristics and the elemental composition of areca nut husks were examined using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The chemical treatment changes the surface morphology of the areca nut husk. The alkali treatment removes natural wax, resins and lignin from husks and thus it added extra active surface area and pores for better adsorption. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the presence of functional groups (-OH), (-C=O), (-C=C), (-COOH). Experiments were performed in batch adsorption procedure. The optimum removal of 97% BG dye was obtained at pH 7.0, adsorbent dosage 10 g/L, initial concentration 100 mg/L, agitation speed 200 rpm and temperature 298 K. Adsorption data fit better to Langmuir model in comparison with Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 18.21 mg/g was obtained. Kinetic date followed pseudo-second-order rate kinetic better than pseudo-first-order model. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH⁰ = 12.522 kJ/mol and ΔS⁰ = 0.044 J/mol indicate endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. Taking considerations of all experimental results and model analysis, it is concluded that sodium hydroxide treated areca nut husk is a good, low cost and effective biosorbent for the removal of BG dye from aqueous solution.
