Figure 1 - uploaded by Myron Sasser
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Context in source publication
Context 1
... chain acids predominate in some Gram positive bacteria, while short chain hydroxy acids often characterize the lipopolysaccharides of the Gram negative bacteria. The structures of a few of these compounds are shown in Figure 1. In this note, all compounds will be referred to as fatty acids, even though the actual compounds may be aldehydes, hydro- carbons, or dimethyl acetals, and are typically analyzed as the methyl esters. ...
Citations
... The results were expressed as nanomoles of the AM biomarker lipid 16:1ω5 per gram of FW (nM g FW). Whole-cell FA (WCFA) were extracted from root samples using a four-step FA extraction method described by Sasser (Sasser, 1990). The method entails the following steps: (1) saponification, (2) methylation, ...
The exchange of phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a major determinant of their mutualistic symbiosis. We explored the C dynamics in tomato (Solanum lycorpersicum) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis to study their growth response under different NaH2PO4 concentrations (Null P, 0 mM; Low P, 0.065 mM; High P, 1.3 mM). The percentage of AMF colonization was similar in plants under Null and Low P, but severely reduced under High P. However, the AMF mass biomarker 16:1ω5 revealed higher fungal accumulation in inoculated roots under Low P, while more AMF spores were produced in the Null P. Under High P, AMF biomass and spores were strongly reduced. Plant growth response to mycorrhiza was negative under Null P, showing reduction in height, biovolume index, and source leaf (SL) area. Under Low P, inoculated plants showed a positive response (e.g., increased SL area), while inoculated plants under High P were similar to non-inoculated plants. AMF promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars in the SL under all fertilization levels, whereas the soluble sugar level decreased in roots under Low P in inoculated plants. Transcriptional upregulation of SlLIN6 and SlSUS1, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, was observed in inoculated roots under Null P and Low P, respectively. We conclude that P-limiting conditions that increase AMF colonization stimulate plant growth due to an increase in the source and sink strength. Our results suggest that C partitioning and allocation to different catabolic pathways in the host are influenced by AMF performance.
... For the analysis of cellular fatty acids, cells of strain S481 T and the above described reference strains were cultivated on MA at 30 or 37 °C for 3 days. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared according to the standard midi protocol [39] and analysed by gas chromatography (HP6890) using the TSBA6 database of the Microbial Identification System (Sherlock, version 6.0B). Polar lipids of S481 T , F. kasyanovii KCTC 12832 T and F. lutimaris KCTC 42720 T were extracted and separated by two-dimensional TLC with chloroform-methanol-water (65 : 25 : 3.8, v/v) for the first dimension and chloroform-methanol-water (40 : 7.5 : 6 : 1.8, v/v) for the second dimension [40]. ...
A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strain S481 T , was isolated from a surface seawater sample collected at Gunsan marina, in the West Sea of the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain S481 T formed a monophyletic clade with members of the genus Fulvivirga , showing 93.7–95.8% sequence similarity to the type strains. Strain S481 T has a single circular chromosome of 4.13 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 37.3 mol%. The values of average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain S481 T and all genome-sequenced species of the genus Fulvivirga were below 71.2%, 68.6% and 18.9%, respectively, indicating lower values than the standard cut-offs for species delineation. Growth was observed at 20–42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6–8 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0 – 6 % NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:1 G and C 16:1 ω5 c . The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. Based on the results of phenotypic characterization, phylogenetic analysis and genome-based comparison, strain S481 T represents a novel species in the genus Fulvivirga , for which we propose the name Fulvivirga lutea sp. nov. The type strain is S481 T (=KCTC 82209 T =JCM 34505 T ).
... Additional biochemical and physiological characteristics were determined using the API Coryne system (BioMerieux, Lyon, France). Isolation of fatty acids was performed according to Sasser (1990). Analysis of FAMEs was performed using an HP 5890 gas chromatograph (Hewlett Packard, Rolling Meadows, IL, USA) equipped with an HP 25 m × 0.2 mm cross-linked methyl-silicone capillary column. ...
A Gram-positive bacterium, designated as strain B1(2015b), was isolated from the soil of the chemical factory "Organika-Azot" in Jaworzno, Poland. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strain was classified as a Bacillus thuringiensis species. Strain B1(2015b) is able to degrade ibuprofen and naproxen, however, these compounds are not sufficient carbon sources for this strain. In the presence of glucose, Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) degrades ibuprofen and naproxen with higher efficiency. Twenty milligrams per liter of ibuprofen was degraded within 6 days and 6 mg l(-1) of naproxen was removed within 35 days. Simultaneously, the growth of the bacterial culture was observed. The obtained results suggest that Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) appears to be a powerful and useful tool in the bioremediation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-contaminated environment.
... Isolation of fatty acids was performed according to Sasser (23). Analysis of FAMEs was performed using an HP 5890 gas chromatograph (Hewlett Packard, Rolling Meadows, IL, US) equipped with an HP 25 m x 0.2 mm cross-linked methyl-silicone capillary column. ...
A Gram-negative bacterium, designated as strain KB2, was isolated from activated sludge and was found to utilize different aromatic substrates as sole carbon and energy source. On the basis of morphological and physiochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strain KB2 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Strain KB2 is from among different Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains the first one described as exhibiting the activities of three types of dioxygenases depending on the structure of the inducer. The cells grown on benzoate and catechol showed mainly catechol 1,2- dioxygenase activity. The activity of 2,3-dioxygenase was detected after phenol induction. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was found in crude cell extracts of this strain after incubation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Because of broad spectrum of dioxygenases' types that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 can exhibit, this strain appears to be very powerful and useful tool in the biotreatment of wastewaters and in soil decontamination.
... Isolation of fatty acids was performed according to Sasser (23). Analysis of FAMEs was performed using an HP 5890 gas chromatograph (Hewlett Packard, Rolling Meadows, IL, US) equipped with an HP 25 m x 0.2 mm cross-linked methyl-silicone capillary column. ...
A Gram-negative bacterium, designated as strain KB2, was isolated from activated sludge and was found to utilize different aromatic substrates as sole carbon and energy source. On the basis of morphological and physiochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strain KB2 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Strain KB2 is from among different Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains the first one described as exhibiting the activities of three types of dioxygenases depending on the structure of the inducer. The cells grown on benzoate and catechol showed mainly catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity. The activity of 2,3-dioxygenase was detected after phenol induction. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was found in crude cell extracts of this strain after incubation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Because of broad spectrum of dioxygenases' types that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 can exhibit, this strain appears to be very powerful and useful tool in the biotreatment of wastewaters and in soil decontamination.
... Environmental -sponge will decrease in proportion to the cumulative variance between the composition of the unknown and the library entry (Sasser, 1997). Samples with a similarity of 0.500 or higher with a separation of 0.100 between the first and second choice are considered good library comparisons. ...
Fatty acid profiles are useful for identifying Gram-negative Enterobacter sakazakii strains within the family Enterobacteriaceae. The majority of cases of E. sakazakii infection have involved sepsis, meningitis, or enteritis, especially in neonates and infants. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was utilized for the analysis of cellular fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Thirty E. sakazakii strains isolated from food and environmental sources were cultured for 24 h on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar on three
different days at 37 �C. Whole cell FAMEs were obtained by saponification, methylation and extraction into hexane:methyl tert-butyl ether. The day to day variations for the 30 E. sakazakii strains for each fatty acid were determined. Gram-negative bacteria commonly contain combinations of straight-chain, unsaturated, hydroxyl, and cyclo fatty acids. Major fatty acids of E. sakazakii strains evaluated in this study were straight chain 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and unsaturated 16:1, 18:1, and 17:0 x cyclo 7–8. Analysis of FAMEs from E. sakazakii strains grown on BHI agar by this rapid GC-FID method is highly reproducible and provides a sensitive procedure for identification of this organism. The fatty acid profile assay could be used to rapidly screen infant formula samples for E. sakazakii and reduce the time required for the current assay by up to 5 days.
... Cluster analysis based on cellular fatty acid profiles was performed by using STATISTICA for Windows, release 5.1 (StatSoft). An unweighted pair group averages method was used for cluster analysis, and a diagram was drawn in Euclidian distance scale as recommended by MIDI (Sasser, 1997). The novel isolates, P. distincta and other species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas formed a few clusters at Euclidian distances from 10 to 15, which related them at the 'genus' level (see Supplementary Fig. ...
Seven melanogenic Pseudoalteromonas distincta-like strains, KMM 3562T, KMM 3536, KMM 3537, KMM 3538, KMM 3539, KMM 3615 and KMM 3629, which expressed tyrosinases were isolated from sea-water samples collected from different locations in Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan, Pacific Ocean) and characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. By 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacteria were shown to belong to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The G + C content of the DNAs of the strains was 41-43 mol%. The level of DNA similarity among these strains was conspecific (92-97 %), indicating that they represented a single genospecies. However, DNA from the strains isolated from sea water showed only 63-65 % genetic relatedness with the DNA of the type strain P. distincta. The novel organisms grew mainly between 4 and 30 degrees C, were neutrophilic and slightly halophilic (four strains had a narrow range of growth between 3 and 6 % NaCl, w/v), were haemolytic and cytotoxic and were able to degrade starch, gelatin and Tween 80. The predominant fatty acids, including 16 : 0, 16 : 1omega7, 17 : 1omega7 and 18 : 1omega7, were typical of the genus Pseudolateromonas. The phylogenetic, genetic and physiological properties of the seven strains placed them within a novel species, Pseudoalteromonas aliena sp. nov., the type strain of which is SW19T (= KMM 3562T = LMG 22059T).
... Cluster analysis based on cellular fatty acid profiles was performed by using STATISTICA for Windows, release 5.1 (StatSoft). An unweighted pair group averages method was used for cluster analysis, and a diagram was drawn in Euclidian distance scale as recommended by MIDI (Sasser, 1997). The novel isolates, P. distincta and other species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas formed a few clusters at Euclidian distances from 10 to 15, which related them at the 'genus' level (see Supplementary Fig. ...
Seven melanogenic Pseudoalteromonas distincta-like strains, KMM 3562(T), KMM 3536, KMM 3537, KMM 3538, KMM 3539, KMM 3615 and KMM 3629, which expressed tyrosinases were isolated from sea-water samples collected from different locations in Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan, Pacific Ocean) and characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. By 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacteria were shown to belong to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The G + C content of the DNAs of the strains was 41-43 mol%. The level of DNA similarity among these strains was conspecific (92-97%), indicating that they represented a single genospecies. However, DNA from the strains isolated from sea water showed only 63-65% genetic relatedness with the DNA of the type strain P. distincta. The novel organisms grew mainly between 4 and 30degreesC, were neutrophilic and slightly halophilic (four strains had a narrow range of growth between 3 and 6% NaCl, w/v), were haemolytic and cytotoxic and were able to degrade starch, gelatin and Tween 80. The predominant fatty acids, including 16:0, 16:1 omega7, 17:1 omega7 and 18:1 omega7, were typical of the genus Pseudolateromonas. The phylogenetic, genetic and physiological properties of the seven strains placed them within a novel species, Pseudoalteromonas aliena sp. nov., the type strain of which is SW19(T) ( = KMM 3562(T) = LMG 22059(T)).
... Cluster analysis was performed using STATISTICA for Windows, Release 5á1 (StatSoft Inc.). An unweighted pair group average and complete linkage method was used for cluster analysis, and a diagram was drawn in Euclidian distances scale as recommended by MIDI (Sasser 1997). ...
... for species-subspecies delineation (Sasser 1997). Bacteria of the genus Aeromonas grouped into two clusters which corresponded to two identi®ed species. ...
To study the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic (i.e. phospholipid and cellular fatty acid composition) characteristics of environmental Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. isolated from a drinking water reservoir near Vladivostok City, and the application of some chemotaxonomic markers for discrimination of the two genera and species.
Presumptive Aeromonas species were dominant in surface water samples (up to 25% of the total number of bacteria recovered). These strains were consistent with respect to the cultural and biochemical properties used to define the species Aeromonas sobria (seven strains) and Aer. popoffii (three strains). Vibrio mimicus (two strains) and Vibrio metschnikovii (one strain) were identified according to phenotypic features and cellular fatty acid composition.
Environmental Aer. sobria isolates were atypical in their ability to grow at 42 degrees C, and were haemolytic, proteolytic and cytotoxic. Although it was present in a high proportion in the water samples, atypical Aer. sobria is not an indicator of polluted water.
The incidence of Aeromonas in the drinking water reservoirs in the Far East of Russia is reported for the first time.
... Cluster analysis was performed by using STA-TISTICA for Windows, Release 5.1 (StatSoft Inc.). An unweighted pair group average method was used for cluster analysis, and a diagram was drawn in Euclidian distance scale as recommended by MIDI [19]. ...
... In a numerical analysis of the fatty acids data of Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas, Marinomonas, and Idiomarina (data from [13]), the strains formed four clusters at Euclidian distances of mostly 10 -15, which related them at the "genus" level ( Fig. 1). By contrast, strains of the genus Pseudoalteromonas grouped within a lower Euclidian distance, 10 -6; such levels have been suggested for species-subspecies delineation [19]. The de- viations of FA of several representatives of the same species, namely, four members of P. citrea and six members of P. nigrifaciens, revealed a high level of interspecies heterogeneity, which did not allow a separate cluster for each species (data not shown). ...
The cellular phospholipids (PLs) and fatty acids (FAs) were investigated in type and environmental strains of Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas macleodii, A. infernus, and in three type strains of Marinomonas, M. communis, M. vaga, M. mediterranea. A total of 40 strains (19 strains in this study and 21 reported in previous papers), including Idiomarina abyssalis, I. zobellii, and Glaciecola punicea, G. pallidula, aerobic Alteromonas-like proteobacteria showed genus-characteristic patterns of phospholipids and fatty acids useful for genera discrimination. The PL patterns of surface cultures of alteromonads, pseudoalteromonads, and marinomonads consisted almost entirely of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol presented in different proportions. Neither diphosphatidyl glycerol nor glycophospholipids were found in bacteria studied. In addition, the minor amount of a glycolipid was found in all strains studied. Bacteria of the genera Marinomonas, Idiomarina, and Glaciecola were clearly distinguished by presence of one of the major FAs: 18:1 (n-7), i15:0, and 16:1 (n-7), respectively. The amounts of these FAs reached up to 40-60% of total FAs. Members of Alteromonas and Pseudoalteromonas were characterized by different ratio of the following major FAs:16:1(n-7), 16:0, 17:1 (n-8), and 18:1 (n-7).
