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A novel High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed based on pre column derivatization with benzoin for determination of metformin, famotidine and ranitidine. The separation was achieved from C18 column when eluted isocratically, the solution of the drugs with methanol, water, acetonitrile and Tetra Hydrofuran (THF) (40:...
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... are basic compounds and many of these are present in biological fluids and in tissues at low concentration in human and animals [2]. Metformin (N,N- dimethylguanidine) (Figure 1) is used as an oral antihyperglycemic drug in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [3,4]. However high concentration of metformin in plasma has been associated with an increase in the incidence of lactic acidosis, particularly in patient in acute renal failures [5,6]. ...
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... (3-(((2-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-4-thiazoyl)- methyl)thio)-N-(aminosulfonyl)propanimidamide) ( Figure 1) is a potent competitive and reversible inhibitor of histamine action at H2 receptors and is used for the treatment of active duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [8,9]. The famotidine is commonly given to the patients [10]. ...
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... N-(2-[(5-(dimethylaminomethyl)furan-2-yl) methylthio]ethyl)-N-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine HCl (RAN) (Figure 1) is an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion that is used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. It competitively inhibits the action of histamine on the H2 receptors of parietal cells [11]. ...
Citations
... These techniques offer useful methodological benefits for the quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis of famotidine [21]. Alamgir introduced a novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique in 2017 [22]. This approach, which is intended for the quantification of metformin, famotidine, and ranitidine, involves the pre-derivatization of columns using benzoin. ...
This study involved the development of a novel, cost-effective, fast, and highly sensitive analytical technique for quantifying minimal amounts of the drug famotidine through chemiluminescence. The method is centred around the measurement of energy emitted as a result of the interaction between the drug and Luminol in an alkaline solution; this interaction generates an electronically excited intermediate state, releasing a portion of the system’s energy as photons. The method was sensitive for the analysis of famotidine. The linear calibration curve (LR) is obtained in the range 2-12 mg mL-1, with a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9929. The molecular absorption coefficient (ε) was calculated at 2621×104 L mol-1 cm-1. The method displayed excellent sensitivity with a Sandell’s sensitivity of 1.287×10-5 mg cm-2, the detection limit (LOD) was found to be 0.0314 mg mL-1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0952 mg mL-1. This study found that recovery was obtained at 104 - 96.5 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was below 1.981%. The results showed that the proposed technique has efficient recovery for measuring famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations.
... Ciprofloxacin is a major fluoroquinolone antibiotic, mostly in aquaculture to treat many kinds of aquatic animal's disease [2,3]. Famotidine is used to treat stomach ulcers (gastric and duodenal), erosive esophagitis (heartburn or acid indigestion), and gastroesophageal reflux disease [4]. Tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic agent, is commonly used for the treatment of cancer pain and noncancer pain as an alternative to opioid analgesics. ...
In this work, a sensitive, simple, and inexpensive method have been developed based on magnetic solid Phase extraction for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of ciprofloxacin (CIP), tramadol (TRA), and famotidine (FA) in the plasma, hospital waste, and river water. For this purpose, Fe 3 O 4 /GO-COOH nano-composite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of parameters on the extraction efficiency including pH, amount of sorbent, extraction time, elution solvent and its volume, and desorption time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions: 50 mg of Fe 3 O 4 /GO-COOH nanocomposite, pH 5, extraction time 20 min, 20 mL of sample volume and eluting with 2 mL methanol: ammonium (0.2 M) at 4 min, good linearity for CIP (0.03-1.5 mg L − 1), TRA (0.05-3 mg L − 1) and FA(0.05-3 mg L − 1) was obtained with an acceptable coefficient of determination (R 2 ˃0.99). The absorption UV spectra of these drugs hardly overlap; thus, use of proper calibration methods is useful for their simultaneous spectrophotometric determination. After pre-concentration, partial least squares regression (PLS) as a multivariate calibration technique was utilized for analyzing the UV spectrum (240-320 nm) and simultaneous determination of drugs under the optimum condition. The results of the proposed method showed the low root mean square difference (RMSD) and high correlation coefficient (R 2) of the prediction set of mixtures associated with the CIP, TRA, and FA. The developed method was also applied for simultaneous determination of three drugs in the spiked samples of plasma, hospital waste, and river water. The recoveries obtained by PLS lied within the range of 85-101%.
... In the past few years, advancements in detection techniques and modification in stationary phases resulted in improved sensitivity and reproducibility of chromatography methods. HPLC is a robust, reliable and reproducible analytical technique that allows the separation of individual compounds from a complex mixture and widely used in quantitative analysis of active ingredients [38,39], impurities [40][41][42][43] and drugs/dosage forms [44,45], monitoring the concentration of drug in blood of patients [46][47][48][49] as well as bioequivalence assessment [50,51]. However, a lot of research has been done to improve the sensitivity of the HPLC method by incorporating new detection techniques and by modifying stationary phases. ...
Bioengineered polymers and nanomaterials have emerged as promising and advanced materials for fabrication and development of novel biosensors. Nanotechnology-enabled biosensor methods have high sensitivity, selectivity and more rapid detection of analyte. Biosensor based methods are more rapid and simple with higher sensitivity and selectivity and can be developed for point-of-care diagnostic testing.Development of a simple, sensitive and rapid method for sorbitol detection is of great significance to efficient monitoring of diabetes-associated disorders like cataract, neuropathy and nephropathy at initial stages. This issue encourages us to write a review which highlight recent advancement in the field of sorbitol detection as no such reports have been published till the date. The first section of this review will be dedicated to the conventional approaches or methods that had been played a role in detection. The second part will focus on the emerging field i.e. biosensors with optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric etc. approachesfor sorbitol detection and importance of its detection in healthcare application. It is expected that this review will be very helpful for readers to know the different conventional and recent detection techniques for sorbitol at a glance.
The simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly method was developed for spectrophotometric determination of ranitidine hydrochloride (R-HCl) in pharmaceutical samples after extraction by the cloud point method. The method based on the reduction of Fe(III) by ranitidine hydrochloride to Fe(II), which subsequently reacted with ferricyanide to form colored products at (pH 4.0), then Triton X-114 surfactant was used as an extractant for ranitidine hydrochloride. The linearity of the calibration curve was maintained from concentrations between 0.5-60.0 µg/mL at the maximum absorption 693 nm. Factors required for reaction conditions including pH, FeCl3, and K3[Fe(CN)6] concentration, the volume of surfactant, temperature, time, and order of addition were investigated. Regression analysis indicates that the correlation coefficient was 0.9998 and the molar absorptivity was 0.4610 4 L/mol.cm. Detection and quantification limits were 0.475 and 1.567 µg/mL, respectively. The confidence limit of slope and the confidence limit of the intercept at 95% were 0.0147 ± 0.00015 O método simples, rápido, econômico e ambientalmente amigável foi desenvolvido para a determinação espectrofotométrica do cloridrato de ranitidina (R-HCl) em amostras farmacêuticas após extração pelo método do ponto de névoa. O método baseado na redução de Fe(III) pelo cloridrato de ranitidina em Fe(II), que posteriormente reagiu com o ferrricianeto para formar produtos coloridos em (pH 4,0), o surfactante Triton X-114 foi usado como um extrator do cloridrato de ranitidina. A linearidade da curva de calibração foi mantida a partir de concentrações entre 0,5-60,0 µg/mL na absorção máxima de 693 nm. Fatores necessários para condições de reação, incluindo pH, FeCl3 e K3[Fe(CN)6], volume de surfactante, temperatura, tempo e ordem de adição foram investigados. A análise de regressão indica que o coeficiente de correlação foi de 0,9998 e a capacidade de absorção molar foi de 0.46⋅10 4 L/mol.cm. Os limites de detecção e quantificação foram de 0,475 e 1,567 µg/mL, respectivamente. O limite de confiança do declive e o limite de confiança do intercepto a 95% foram 0,0147 ± 0,00015 e 0,0642 ± 0,01033. A sensibilidade de Sandell também foi calculada e foi encontrado 0,0680 µg/cm². O fator de pré-concentração foi de 50,0%. Os estudos de validação para três concentrações diferentes (5,0, 10,0 e 30,0) µg/mL de cloridrato de ranitidina deram desvios padrão relativos entre 0,142-0,728 e a porcentagem de recuperações variou de 98.780 ± 0.719-99.840 ± 0.142. O método proposto foi aplicado com sucesso para a determinação do cloridrato de ranitidina em alguns de seus produtos farmacêuticos, com recuperação entre 99.108-99.808 e RSD% entre 0.012-0.031. Os resultados obtidos com o método proposto o tornam adequado para uso na determinação do cloridrato de ranitidina em sua forma de dosagem a granel e em comprimidos. Palavras-chave: Ponto de névoa; Ranitidina; Espectrofotometria. Periódico Tchê Química. ISSN 2179-0302. (2020); vol.17 (n°35) Downloaded from www.periodico.tchequimica.com 629 and 0.0642 ± 0.01033. Sandell`s sensitivity was also calculated and it was found 0.0680 µg/cm 2. The preconcentration factor was 50.0%. Validation studies for three different concentrations (5.0, 10.0 and 30.0) µg/mL of ranitidine hydrochloride gave relative standard deviations between 0.142-0.728 and the percentage recoveries ranged from 98.780 ± 0.719-99.840 ± 0.142. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in some of its pharmaceutical products with recovery between 99.108-99.808 and RSD% between 0.012-0.031. The results obtained from the proposed method make it suitable to use in the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in its bulk and tablet dosage form.
