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The floating photovoltaic (FPV) system is a revolutionary power production technology that has gotten a lot of interest because of its many benefits. Aside from generating electricity, the technology can also prevent the evaporation of water. The electrical and mechanical structures of FPV power stations must be studied to develop them. Much resear...
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... This examines three studies that highlight the environmental advantages of such innovations. The first study by Refaai et al. (2022) presents the design and implementation of a floating photovoltaic (FPV) model to analyze power generation. This innovative approach not only generates electricity but also prevents water evaporation, showcasing a dual environmental benefit. ...
... The study explores various design alternatives for enhancing the profitability and efficiency of FPV systems, including the use of monitoring and conditioning capabilities. The research demonstrates that FPV systems, with their higher energy conversion efficiency compared to standard ground power systems, offer significant environmental advantages by saving land and water resources (Refaai et al., 2022). The second study, by Hussain & Mishra (2016) proposes a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm employed in Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). ...
This study presents a comprehensive review of innovative power management strategies in electro-mechanical systems, with a focus on enhancing energy efficiency and extending system longevity. The research encompasses a systematic literature review, analyzing studies from 2007 to 2023, to explore the evolution, current trends, and future prospects in the field. Key areas of investigation include the historical development of power management technologies, current advancements in energy-efficient systems, and the integration of novel approaches for system longevity. The study also examines the environmental and economic impacts of these innovations, the role of policy and industry standards, and the implications for various stakeholders. Significant findings reveal that advancements in nano-mechanical energy harvesting, bio-electro-Fenton systems, and smart power management technologies are driving the field towards greater sustainability and efficiency. The research highlights the critical role of stakeholder engagement and policy in facilitating the adoption of these technologies. Future trends indicate a shift towards more integrated and intelligent power management solutions, particularly in sectors like aeronautics and renewable energy. Strategic recommendations are provided for industry practitioners and policymakers, emphasizing the need for embracing technological innovations, investing in research and development, and creating supportive regulatory frameworks. The study concludes with suggestions for future research, particularly in assessing the long-term socio-economic impacts of power management technologies and exploring their scalability and societal acceptance. This study offers valuable insights and a roadmap for stakeholders in the field of electro-mechanical systems, highlighting the importance of innovative power management in achieving sustainable and efficient energy solutions. Keywords: Power Management, Electro-Mechanical Systems, Energy Efficiency, System Longevity.
... Approximately, FSPV shows 12% higher performance than a rooftop or a groundmounted system [18]. For a summary about the performance of FSPV, the authors would like to present the research conducted by the Nisar et al. [19] in NUST, Pakistan. ...
The world is witnessing the transformation of countries toward the adoption of renewable sources for power generation. Power generation through solar photovoltaic is at the top preference due to its proven advantages. Among the various technology in solar PV, floating solar photovoltaic is emerging in the past decade as it shows higher performance than ground-mounted PV system, reduces CO2 emission, saves land, and saves water from evaporation. In this view, the research that has been conducted across the world in the year 2022 and reported in various publications has been discussed in this article. The review presents the reported software used for the geographical and meteorological data collection, performance analysis, thermal analysis, FSPV in hydro-reservoirs, environmental effects, and FSPV in marine condition are discussed. Based on the investigation, it is proved that the floating solar photovoltaic is a robust source of energy that has a huge demand in the global market as it can replace the non-renewable sources for power generation.
... The PV modules and stresses between components are supported by transmitting through a metallic structure in the majority of FPV designs. However, some designs do not include this component and instead allow for a single PV module per float [21]. The supporting structure may also significantly contribute to maintaining the panels in marine applications at a safe height above sea level [22]. ...
A novel energy production system known as floating photovoltaic technology has captured the interest of many people due to its many advantages. The floating photovoltaic system contributes to a reduction in water evaporation and an increase in energy output. The development of floating photovoltaic power plants necessitates the study of these systems from both an electrical and mechanical structure perspective for research objectives. Numerous studies have been conducted on floating photovoltaic systems from various angles that have examined these systems. The goal of this paper is to provide a standard design procedure and performance for the construction of a floating photovoltaic energy system at the surface of Toshka lake for the generation of electricity to a household using PV Syst. software. Also it provides a logical analysis and up-todate assessment of the many characteristics and elements of floating photovoltaic systems as an energy production system. The performance ratio analysis reveals that the lowest value was obtained in the month of March is 64% and the maximum value was obtained in the month of December is 82%whereas the average value for year is 71.3%. Analysis of losses has also been done.
... FPV systems float on water and are moored in position. The FPV system usually consists of floats or pontoons, PV modules, mooring systems and cables World Bank Group, 2019;Rosa-Clot et al., 2010b;Redon-Santafa et al., 2014;Sharma et al., 2015), as depicted in Fig. 2. PV on the water can increase the power generation efficiency, possibly due to the water-cooling effect (Tina et al., 2011) and higher wind speed (Refaai et al., 2022). Moreover, the large area of PV modules laid on the water surface can reduce evaporation (Helfer et al., 2012;Gozálvez et al., 2012). ...
Global warming caused by the emission of fossil fuel consumption has become critical, leading to the inevitable trend of clean energy development. Of the power generation systems using solar energy, the floating photovoltaic (FPV) system is a new type, attracting wide attention because of its many merits. The latest progress in the research and applications of FPVs from multiple aspects is summarized in this paper. First, the development of FPVs is briefly described with a summary of typical installed FPV systems. Innovative photovoltaic design concepts and hybrid usage with other renewable energies are emphasized for offshore applications. Furthermore, critical structural design considerations are discussed, particularly emphasizing critical aspects such as load estimations, wave-structure interaction analysis, floating structure types, and mooring system design. Finally, several significant future challenges to the development and applications of marine FPV systems are identified, including survivability in the open sea, long-term reliability, and environmental impact. It aims to provide a broad overview of the development status, offering limited insights into the trends and challenges for marine FPV systems.
... Power smoothing principle is about the increase in active power, maximum compensation in reactive power and minimization in active power loss considering the nonlinearities developed under various circumstances [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. This section reviewed the advanced control techniques implemented for the Type-III WT wind turbine system using DFIGs for an effective power smoothing approach. ...
This era brings renewable energy ascent more popular in energy generations evolve response in enhancing concern towards environmental issues. Among all renewable energy sources wind energy becomes more attractive in the sense of nonhazardous, cleanest, and most cost-effective source of energy. This 20 th century appeals to the risk of shortage in fossil fuel, pollution, carbon dioxide emissions and the surge of power demands. This develops a hope to settle our future energy demands to be recovered the wind energy can play the vital role in this aspect. Fulfilling the clean energy source, this renewable source can also be a part of growth in energy sector. This review work presents the worldwide generations of wind power and its control considering all constraints and parameters.
... Because the system has no memory constraints, it can be utilized to store as much data as needed and remember it during its applications [26]- [28]. Because of the high-efficiency feature, a highly efficient output is obtained if the knowledge base is updated with appropriate knowledge, which may not be possible with a human [29]- [30]. If the knowledge obtained is delivered to the expert system, it is used to deliver an output with high efficiency by integrating all of the facts & knowledge according to the feature of expertise in a domain [31]. ...
The motivation behind the research is the requirement of error-free load prediction for the power industries in India to assist the planners in making important decisions on unit commitments, energy trading, system security & reliability, and optimal reserve capacity. The objective is to produce a desktop version of a personal computer-based complete expert system that can be used to forecast the future load of a smart grid. Using MATLAB, we can provide adequate user interfaces in graphical user interfaces. This paper devotes a study of load forecasting in smart grids, a detailed study of the architecture and configuration of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Mathematical modeling and implementation of ANN using MATLAB, and a detailed study of load forecasting using the backpropagation algorithm.
... Solar panels installed on a series of pontoons anchored to the ocean floor make up floating rafts (Refaai et al., 2022), as shown in Figure 4, where they are easy to install and maintain but may be ...
The worldwide transition to a future with net-zero emissions depends heavily on solar energy. However, when land
prices rise, and population density rises, the need for large land expanses to develop solar farms poses difficulties.
Floating Photovoltaics (FPV) has come to light as a viable remedy to this problem. FPV, which includes mounting
solar panels on bodies of water, is gaining popularity as a practical choice in many nations worldwide. A significant
capacity of 404 GWp for producing clean energy might be attained by using FPV to cover only 1% of the world’s
reservoirs. This review shows that FPV has several benefits over conventional ground-mounted PV systems. On
the other hand, there is a large study void regarding the effects of FPV on water quality and aquatic ecosystems.
This review looks at the most recent FPV research, including its advantages, disadvantages, and potential. It looks
into the compatibility of various bodies of water, worldwide potential, system effectiveness, and the possibility of
integrating different technologies with FPV.
... PV systems must have the same system requirements and installation circumstances to compare power production [18]. Floating photovoltaic systems are more efficient than rooftop and ground-mounted PV modules due to the water's environmental surface, quantity of solar radiation, and temperature of panels [19]. The efficiency of the module is determined by comparing the module's maximum electrical output to the intensity of the incident radiation. ...
... With this configuration, severe winds and a surface texture pose the greatest danger to stiff solar modules. As an example: Permanent and continuous floating devices need mooring to maintain proper platform placements [19]. ...
span lang="EN-US">The world's increasing demand for energy coupled with dwindling natural resources has spurred the need for alternative and renewable energy sources. However, one of the biggest drawbacks of renewable energy is its intermittency. Currently, most of the world's electrical energy comes from thermal power and nuclear energy combined. Despite being heavily reliant on energy imports, Morocco has made progress in developing its solar energy capacity with an installed capacity of 760 MW, 200 MW of which comes from photovoltaics. One way for Morocco to further increase its renewable energy production is through floating solar power, which utilizes the water surface of dams and reservoirs. The challenge with this approach is to secure the floating solar panels to prevent them from being blown about by wind and other elements. Like onshore solar power, offshore solar power also utilizes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology to maximize energy production. To compare the efficiency of terrestrial and marine solar power systems, the design and simulation of a solar PV system with MPPT through a boost converter was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink models. The study also examined the impact of water flow characteristics on the output of solar energy from floating panels.
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... Conventional technically-oriented analytical PV performance assessment tradecraft (frameworks, models or indicator metrics) do not adequately account for this kaleidoscope of performance and impact effects Gadzanku et al., 2021b). Although incremental modelling improvements find it difficult to characterise the full spectrum of sustainability imperatives of floatovoltaic installations, recent research efforts into specific FPV applications selectively developed certain model elements to capture individual performance/impact effects in technical and techno-economic floating PV performance models on an ad hoc requirements basis (Eyring and Kittner, 2022;Majumder et al., 2021;Refaai et al., 2022;Tina et al., 2021a). ...
... Assessment of the potential of different floating solar technologies is further complicated by different FPV energy conversion configurations (Oliveira-Pinto and Stokkermans, 2020). Refaai et al. (2022) presented the implementation of a floating PV model to analyse the system's power generation. While these research sources provide valuable information consulted in this thesis, most of these models focus on the technical performances (energy output) of floatovoltaics and do not deliver a sufficiently broad spectrum of outputs required for mandatory regulatory project approvals. ...
Floating Solar PV (FSPV, FPV or floatovoltaics) is an emerging decentralised energy concept in climate-smart agriculture that is quickly becoming a trend in water-rich regions with high land costs, land scarcity and underutilised water areas. FPV technology has excellent environmental compatibility properties, assists in shrinking a farm's carbon footprint, aids farms in decarbonisation towards a net-zero emissions goal, while supporting sustainable energy development towards better carbon taxation and green energy certification in sustainable farming ventures. Amidst a rapidly growing international interest in floating PV and agrivoltaic solutions as climate-solver technologies, current knowledge gaps around its environmental and energy-water-land resource impact uncertainties are the main barriers to floatovoltaic installation deployments. Current FPV performance and impact assessment methodologies still need to overcome critical knowledge gaps constraining fully functional evidence-based scientific assessments as a mandatory requirement to regulatory project permissions prescribed by law. This doctoral dissertation investigates the characterisation and quantification of floating photovoltaic power performance benefits, environmental impact offsets and economic sustainability profiles in a theoretical PV performance model-driven water-energy-land-food resource features. With FPV as natural resource preservation energy technology touching issues along the interplaying water-energy-land-food nexus dimensions (WELF-nexus), a robust validation of the technology's co-benefits and suggested impacts on the nexus of local energy-water-food (EWF) system was lacking. Rethinking environmental sustainability in the FPV context, this research investigation uncovers the root cause of current predictive analytical problems in floating PV characterisation as relating to critical knowledge gaps and modelling challenges in four dimensions: (a) reductionist thinking philosophy as an overwhelming modelling approach engaged by most current PV system assessment models; (b) low-priority role of the natural environmental system and micro-habitat in the integrated systems modelling characterisation of floating PV as a system of systems; (c) inadequate modelling consideration given the water-energy-land nexus system resources and linkages in a unidirectional open-loop linear assessment framework; and (d) modelling framework does not sufficiently cater for systemic interactions in the topological and ontological structures among the PV ecosystem components. Aiming to find a holistic systems thinking solution, the fourth industrial revolution offers information technology principles that enable subject-matter expert knowledge integration into the virtualization of intelligent energy production models using digital twin technology. As operational research paradigms for floating PV modelling, 4IR in digital twinning enables the study to define a new integrated theoretical framework for sustainability evaluation. Towards simulation analysis, this pluralistic-type systemic intervention can account for the extended range of resource-use-efficiencies and impact-effect-positives of floating PV technology in a computer-aided analysis-by-synthesis technique. While comparing the performances of FPV and GPV systems, this study makes a case for the systematisation of sustainability knowledge in the technogenic assessment for floating PV installations through the co-simulation modelling of a novel integrated technical energy-environmental-economic scientific sustainability assessment framework concept. This institutionalised sustainability framework mechanism drives the computer program logic and architecture in a computer synthesis methodology, to assess the integrative technological, economic and natural environmental system attributes in a pluralistic system dynamical way. The approach is further novel in that it covers both short-term and long-term perspectives in a cascaded closed-loop feedback system, with inter-domain feedback memory in a real-time computer synthesis methodology ensuring causal framework ontology modelling. The proposed sustainability definition and systemic framework policy for geospatial sustainability assessment offer a complex appraisal method and modelling technique that supports project decision-making in broad-spectrum environmental, economic and technical contexts that transcends the conventional technically biased scientific evaluation inherited from ground-mounted photovoltaics. The proposed theoretical reference framework and modelling technique offer multidimensional sustainability indicator dimensions, thus addressing critical decision-making domain elements focussed on by impact assessment practitioners, investment stakeholders and subject experts. The scientific investigation and results confer valuable insights into the value-laden sustainability qualities of FPV in pre-qualifying project-assessment experiments for future planned floating solar projects. The theoretical modelling, simulation and characterisation of floatovoltaic technology offer a data collection toolset for duly required scientific evidence of sustainability traits of the technology in support of the adoption, regularisation and licensing of floating photovoltaic renewable energy system installations. The research advances fresh philosophical ideas with novel theoretical principles that may have far-reaching international implications for developing floatovoltaic, agrivoltaic and ground-mounted PV performance models worldwide.
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https://hdl.handle.net/10500/30091
... Solar energy is the most sought-after renewable form of energy. Photovoltaic technology (PV) that transforms solar radiation into electricity is considered one of the most significant sustainable energy systems (1) . Many countries have commissioned solar plants of higher capacity. ...
... From Equation 3, the equation for prediction X (1) (t) at time j is computed by applying the Inverse Accumulating Generation Operator (IAGO) as ...
