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Treatment of a variety of bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, colonic cancers, colonic pathologies, and systemic delivery of drugs at the target sites can be done with the help of targeted drug delivery technique. Conventional colon specific drug delivery systems lack specificity and release significant amount of drug prior rea...
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Objective: To evaluate the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focussing on ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) separately.
Methods: A systemic search was carried out using PubMed and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (P...
Citations
... In IBD pa tien ts, the Paneth cells phenotype contributes to identifying illness pr ogr ession risk and biological response. The phenotype of the Paneth cells is usually altered in response to risk alleles for ATG16L1 , NOD2, and CD [ 75 ]. The achievement of more effectiv e tr ea tmen t can be ac c omplished by c ombining pH-dependent and ligand-anchor ed appr oaches to provide site specificity and reduction in drug resistance at lower dose levels. ...
... Transfer r in is another ligand-rec ept or pair that has been used to target various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer as well. Transfer r in is a 78 kDa-monomeric membrane gly copr otein that helps the cell absorb iron with the help of its rec ept or (TfR) [ 75 ]. The unique binding of transfer r in to expressed TfR on tumor cells' surfaces makes it an ideal ligand to be c onjugat ed t o drug car r iers to enable site-specific targeting. ...
... (CTDDS) designed to achieve desired and effective concentration of drug in colon as well as the formulation still is intact in the small intestine [7]. Mostly the drugs either follow transcellular pathways or paracellular pathways. ...
... Various in vitro and in vivo techniques used to evaluate CTDDS [7]. The in vitro studies are more difficult to buy as the conditions and physiology of the stomach not easily recreated in vitro due to the influence of factors on the GIT. ...
The purpose of this review was to select a promising drug delivery system for colon diseases. This review covers the development of Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System (CTDDS) using 36 y (1986-2022) data from various research and review articles. All fig. designed using by BioRender website. vThe colon-targeted drug delivery systems developed for the specific site drug delivery which applied for both local and systemic actions of the drug; since the drug targeted to be release within the colon, the unwanted systemic side effects are reduced along with it. Systemic side effects include organ damage, respiratory diseases and, cardiovascular damage and other illnesses. Colon-targeted drug delivery system used in the treatment of diseases in the colon, including ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer. The benefit of colon-targeted drug delivery besides the reduction of side effects also include protection from premature drug release or burst in the stomach or small intestine before reaching the colon. For the development of drugs with such benefits and advantages, drug delivery systems and approaches have used for Colon targeted drug delivery systems, varying from conventional colon-targeting drug delivery systems to novel approaches for Colon-targeted drug delivery systems. Conventional drug delivery includes the use of prodrugs, pH-dependent, time-dependent, matrix-based systems, polysaccharides-derived systems, and bio-adhesive system while novel approaches include types such as port system, pulsincap system, pressure-controlled system, osmotic controlled system, CODES, and the newest approach wish is the use of nanotechnology in colon targeted drug delivery. In this research both techniques reviewed, and their types discussed as well. The limitation of their uses and the advantage of each system discussed with a breakdown of the different mechanisms used to formulate such systems. A successful colon targeting delivery can release the drug to a specific segment in colon due to presence of different colonic enzymes formed by microorganisms that metabolize drug carrier linkage. Use of combined approaches i.e., conventional systems and newer approaches may be the best way to cure colon diseases using an optimized colon drug delivery system.
... However, the therapeutic effects of these drugs are unsatisfactory, as their long-term administration can produce severe side effects, leading to poor patient acceptance and compliance. [93][94][95] Therefore, exploring safe and effective drugs has become an urgent task for the treatment of IBD patients. ...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease that involves host genetics, the microbiome, and inflammatory responses. The current consensus is that the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier is the core pathogenesis of IBD, including intestinal microbial factors, abnormal immune responses, and impaired intestinal mucosal barrier. Cumulative data show that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are dominant mediators in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier, which play critical roles in sensing the commensal microbiota, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating intestinal inflammation. Blocking NLRs inflammasome activation by botanicals may be a promising way to prevent IBD progression. In this review, we systematically introduce the multiple roles of NLRs in regulating intestinal mucosal barrier homeostasis and focus on summarizing the activities and potential mechanisms of natural products against IBD. Aiming to propose new directions on the pathogenesis and precise treatment of IBD
... The drawback in this situation is that although PEG enables escape from the opsonin and mononuclear phagocytic system it may reduce the chances of the liposome binding effectively or transferring its content intracellularly at the target site. This emphasizes the need for an effective means of ensuring target specificity and release of encapsulated drugs at the target site (Chaubey et al;. ...
Since the discoveryof liposomes by Bangham and co-workers in 1960, giant strides in the field ofliposomes as drug carriers for cancer therapy have been achieved. From the veryfirst generation of liposomes known as conventional liposomes to the stealthliposomes which are surface decorated with polyethylene glycol attachments toprotect the liposomes from phagocytic attack, and finally, a more recent nano-liposomedelivery innovation which involves specific antibody targeting and stimulussensitivity. Advanced research on enhancing the stability of liposomes throughvarious smart surface modifications has been ongoing. Some liposomalformulations have made it from benchtop research to pharmaceuticalmanufacturing and marketing. Commercially available are stealth liposomeformulations which have been approved for use, including Doxil® (a PEGylatedliposomal formulation of doxorubicin hydrochloride). These formulations haveshown increased bioavailability at the target site compared to conventionaldrugs.
... Polysaccharides such as chitosan, and pectin are suitable for these formulations as they are colon specific and mucoadhesive in nature. The fact that most colon targeted systems are designed for sustained drug release makes MDDS an ideal approach for colon targeted drug delivery [63,64]. Colal-Pred® is a multiparticulate system coated with HPMC for extended release of prednisolone. ...
Introduction
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS) are specifically designed to interact and bind to the mucosal layer of the epithelium for localized, prolonged, and/or targeted drug delivery. Over the past 4 decades, several dosage forms have been developed for localized as well as systemic drug delivery at different anatomical sites.
Areas covered
The objective of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the different aspects of MDDS. Part II describes the origin and evolution of MDDS, followed by discussion of the properties of mucoadhesive polymers. Finally, a synopsis of the different commercial aspects of MDDS, recent advances in the development of MDDS for biologics and COVID-19 as well as future perspectives is provided.
Expert opinion
: A review of the past reports and recent advances reveal MDDS as highly versatile, biocompatible, and non-invasive drug delivery systems. The rise in the number of approved biologics, the introduction of newer highly efficient thiomers as well as the recent advances in the field of nanotechnology has led to several excellent applications of MDDS which are predicted to grow significantly in the future.
... The selection of ligand for drug delivery system mainly depends on the size of the ligand, ligand surface charge, ligand-binding affinity and specificity, conjugation site of ligands, and stability of ligands. There are many types of ligands ( Fig. 1.5): peptides, proteins, lectin, mannose, galactose, hyaluronic acid, aptamers, glycoproteins, Tf, antibodies, lipoproteins, and their fragments, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, vitamin, and small molecules like growth factors that were applied to ornament nanodrug delivery system to improve the recognition between nanocarriers and targeted cells [45]. ...
... To date, multi-stimuli coatings for tablets, capsules and pellets have gained the most translational success within colonic drug delivery [50,51]. However, there is potential for multi-stimuli colon-targeted oral nanomedicines, though such systems are rare and yet to show significant results in human studies [154][155][156][157]. When designing new targeted formulations it is imperative to consider the safety of materials for oral delivery. ...
Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the potential to enhance drug bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs to the colon requires considered formulation development, as both oral and rectal dosage forms can encounter challenges if the colon's distinct physiological environment is not appreciated. As the therapeutic opportunities surrounding colonic drug delivery multiply, the success of novel pharmaceuticals lies in their design. This review provides a modern insight into the key parameters determining the effective design and development of colon-targeted medicines. Influential physiological features governing the release, dissolution, stability, and absorption of drugs in the colon are first discussed, followed by an overview of the most reliable colon-targeted formulation strategies. Finally, the most appropriate in vitro, in vivo, and in silico preclinical investigations are presented, with the goal of inspiring strategic development of new colon-targeted therapeutics.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is identified as a primary cause of death around the world. The current chemotherapies are not cost-effective. Therefore, finding novel potential therapeutic target is urgent. Titin (TTN) is a muscle protein that is critical in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, its role in CRC is not well understood. The study focused on exploring the possible role of TTN in CRC carcinogenesis. TTN mRNA and protein expression levels presented an obvious downregulation in CRC tissue samples, relative to normal control (p < 0.05). TTN expression significantly correlated with the clinical stage (normal vs. Stage 1, p < 0.05; normal vs. Stage 4, p < 0.05), node metastasis (normal vs. N1, p < 0.05; N1 vs. N2, p < 0.05), histological type (normal vs. adenocarcinoma, p < 0.05), race (Caucasian vs. Asian, p < 0.05; African-American vs. Asian, p < 0.05) and TP53 mutation (normal vs. TP53 mutation, p < 0.05), considering The Cancer Genome Atlas database. However, for patients who had higher TTN expression, the overall survival was remarkably shorter than patients who had low TTN expression. Furthermore, TTN was lowly expressed in four CRC cell lines. TTN overexpression facilitated CRC cells in terms of the proliferation, metastasis and invasion. Based on gene set enrichment analysis, the ERB pathway might be responsible for TTN-related CRC. Besides, TTN was involved in the response to azacitidine. Overall, TTN might serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for treating and overcoming chemotherapy resistance in CRC.
