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The need to more accurately conceptualize the field of community development has increased during recent decades. This is largely the result of a growing field marked by its multidisciplinary nature, but also because of the multifaceted ways in which communities around the world participate in the development process. In this article, we approach t...
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... forms differ in approaches and outcomes, but, again, both are needed for survival and progress of communities. Each form has its strengths and weaknesses (see Table 1). Overall, imposed efforts provide residents with assets that otherwise would be nearly impossible for them to develop (for instance, sidewalks and roads), as they lack the technology, funds, and skills to do so. ...Similar publications
En este artículo se comparten los resultados derivados de la ejecución de un proyecto de investigación-acción bajo el método del diagnóstico y la planeación comunitaria participativa, realizado en 17 comunidades rurales de cuatro estados de la República mexicana. El objetivo general del proyecto consistió en realizar diagnósticos participativos que...
p align="center">Se presenta un modelo de Transferencia-Apropiación Tecnológica que tiene como objetivo la conformación de comunidades de trabajo-aprendizaje en torno a un sistema de producción integral de alimentos con el fin de formar habilidades para la vida que impulsen el desarrollo humano. Lo integran tres ejes que se trabajan de manera inter...
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... While the structure of peer-to-peer learning groups varies depending on the group's intended purpose, the structure of all peer-to-peer learning models involve the formation of groups of same-level peers in collaborative learning where group members can teach and be taught by one another (Duke et al., 2013;Barnes and King, 2023). The value of this collaborative learning approach is universal in the community development curriculum (Matarrita-Cascante and Brennan, 2012;Hains et al., 2021;Hains et al., 2023). Furthermore, if learners are to graduate ready to enter the environmental management or sustainable development fields, peer-to-peer learning in the curriculum may be essential to developing career readiness. ...
Purpose-Prior research suggests that collaboration is key to sustainable community development and environmental management, and peer-to-peer learning (P2PL) may facilitate community building and collaborative learning skills. This study aims to examine the effect of P2PL on the enhancement of environmental management and sustainable development skills, community building and social capital (i.e. connectedness) and understanding of course learning objectives. Design/methodology/approach-Quantitative and qualitative longitudinal survey data was collected in a sustainable development focused course offered at a large American public university that uses P2PL to explicitly facilitate community building and collaborative skills. Safety precautions and changing locational course offerings due to the COVID-19 pandemic in years 2020, 2021 and 2022 provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of P2PL on these skills during both virtual and in-person formats. Additionally, this study compared in-course student evaluations with students taking other sustainable development-related courses with collaborative learning aspects to understand the wider effectiveness of this course structure. Findings-This study finds that course format (virtual vs in-person) overall made no difference in either connectedness or conceptual understandings, and that students in both formats felt more connected to others than students taking other courses with P2PL. Scaffolding P2PL and supplemental peer support can yield improved connectedness and learning among students taking environmental coursework. Originality/value-Sustainable development requires group collaboration and partnership building skills. Issues are consistently raised about the challenges to teaching these skills in higher education. The students and instructors in this research study identify P2PL strategies to address these challenges for in-person and virtual classroom settings.
... En este sentido, es crucial que la integración de grupos objetivo se lleve a cabo sin distorsionar el marco local/nativo (Emery y Flora 2006, Brugère et al. 2008, Cabral y Aliño 2011, un 2011, Davidson-Hunt et al. 2012, von Essen et al. 2013, Sánchez-Islas et al. 2019. Por lo tanto, la búsqueda de autenticidad comienza por investigar en los distintivos locales y, en seguida, aplicar estrategias para estimular el capital comunitario del caso (Emery y Flora 2006, Matarrita-Cascante et al. 2012. Este principio sirve de guía para identificar actores e inferir actitudes hacia el manejo de bienes comunes, por ejemplo, altruismo, intereses personales, conformismo (Cárdenas y Ostrom 2004, Vélez et al. 2009), voluntad en contraer compromisos, sentido de pertenencia (Polido et al. 2014) y participación proactiva (Caddy y Seijo 2005, Emery y Flora 2006. ...
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Este es el análisis narrativo de un episodio extensionista técnico-acuícola realizado en las condiciones reales de Isla Natividad, una pequeña isla al noroeste de Baja California Sur, México. En esta región habitan cinco grandes especies de abulón (Haliotis spp.), hoy en estado poblacional frágil por sobrepesca y enfermedades, y colaterales del cambio climático. Sin embargo, poseen capital perlero que se encuentra desatendido a pesar de ser herencia histórica natural, sumado a una exclusividad biogeográfica enfatizada por el número de especies y su tamaño, y amplia diversidad cromática de nácar en consecuencia. Con base en tecnologías de cultivo y perlicultura ya definidas, el grupo promotor propuso asentar el demostrativo de una micro-empresa de perlería conformada por mujeres de la única cooperativa pesquera establecida en esta Isla: “Buzos y Pescadores de Baja California”. En el proceso, ellas conocieron las características del abulón respecto al mercado perlero moderno, y se capacitaron como técnicas perlicultoras. El perfil de los principales componentes conductores en el contexto de la Reserva de la Biósfera El Vizcaíno (RBV) y su dinámica, en la que se denominó Región Haliotis de México (RHM), se examinan sobre el desarrollo de esta acción y en posibles escenarios a futuro. Al final, la factibilidad técnica de una granja perlera de abulón fue reconfirmada, si bien consintiendo que integrar exitosamente la micro-empresa proyectada conlleva resolver problemáticas de asimetría en cuanto a toma de decisiones sobre activos importantes, como el abulón en este caso, así como de factores socio-ambientales y económicos de naturaleza global.
Palabras clave: capital comunitario, extensionismo integral, micro-empresa social, perlicultura, empoderamiento mujeres
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This is the narrative analysis of a technical-aquaculture outreach episode carried out in the real conditions of Natividad Island, a small island northwest of Baja California Sur, Mexico. This region is home to five large species of abalone (Haliotis spp.), which are currently in a fragile population state due to overfishing and diseases, and collaterals to climate change. However, they have pearling capital that remains neglected despite being historic natural heritage, added to a biogeographic exclusivity emphasized by the number of species and their size, and a wide chromatic diversity of nacre as a result. Based on already defined cultivation and pearling technologies, the promoters proposed to establish the demonstration of a pearling micro-enterprise made up of women from the only fishing cooperative established on this island: “Buzos y Pescadores de Baja California”. In the process, they learned about the characteristics of abalone with respect to the modern pearl market, and were trained as pearl farming technicians. The profile of the main driving components in the context of the El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve (RBV) and its dynamics in what we call the Haliotis Region of Mexico (RHM), are examined through the development of these actions on the direct visualization of the case study and by possible scenarios in the future. In the end, the technical feasibility of an abalone pearl farm was reconfirmed, although it was agreed that successfully integrating the projected micro-enterprise entails solving problems of asymmetry in terms of decision-making upon important assets, such as abalone in this case, as well as socio-environmental and economic factors of a global nature.
Keywords: community capital, capacity-building, social micro-entrepreneurship, pearl culture, women leadership
... In contrast, macro-level frameworks seek to address systemic issues and structural inequalities that hinder community progress. These approaches emphasize policy changes, resource allocation, and collaboration with government bodies and other influential stakeholders to drive large-scale impact [25]. Macro-level interventions can transform communities by addressing broader social determinants of well-being, such as housing affordability, educational opportunities, and healthcare access [26]. ...
... Despite their effectiveness in promoting individual empowerment and local change, micro-level interventions often struggle to scale up and achieve sustainable outcomes at a broader level [24]. On the other hand, macro-level strategies, while addressing systemic issues, may overlook local communities' diverse needs and aspirations due to their top-down nature [25]. These limitations highlight the importance of integrating micro-and macro-perspectives into a meso-level approach to foster holistic community development toward restorative economics. ...
This study critically examines existing frameworks aimed at establishing restorative practices in community development by conducting a comparative analysis of a meso-level development framework called the Five Pillars of Development and a micro-level framework implemented by a grassroots initiative. Both frameworks were implemented in Washington, DC, and both seek to address the enduring negative externalities disinvested communities face and suggest the need for restorative practices in community development. Restorative development practices trace their roots to the field of restorative economics, which is a subfield of sustainable development. It argues that sustainability must also address the sins of the past and restore systems and systems components that have been negatively impacted by past development practices. This study aims to discern the adaptability of the more broadly applicable meso-level Five Pillars framework in capturing nuanced micro-level frameworks like the one devised by the grassroots organization in Ward 8. By identifying potential gaps, this study proposes strategies to enhance the utility of the more transferable meso-level framework, particularly for communities lacking resources to formulate their own micro-level framework. This study, therefore, contributes valuable insights and recommendations for bridging potential disparities between the meso-level and micro-level frameworks, as demonstrated in the Ward 8 case. The overarching objective is to enrich the community development field by presenting a restorative framework that refines existing meso-level approaches and facilitates opportunities for micro-level applications.
... Sanitation, or the safe disposal of human faeces, is a fundamental necessity for the health of human societies (Giusti, 2009;Mara et al., 2010;Freeman et al., 2017;Zhou et al., 2018). However, faeces management is often lacking at the household level in areas where families are impoverished, or where it is not seen as a priority-e.g. ...
Promotion appears to be the least effective but is nevertheless often the only available, means to achieve increased access to sanitation services, especially at scale, in lower-income countries. A cursory examination of the history of past and present approaches to sanitation promotion, including sanitation marketing, community development, community-led total sanitation and public health, shows that they have a variety of features and characteristics which make them distinctive. Unfortunately, rigorous evaluation has not kept pace with this proliferation of approaches, so it is difficult to recommend any one approach over the others, based on empirical performance in a range of circumstances. However, I argue that a ‘hybrid’ approach which exhibits a number of salient features from all of the previous approaches is likely to be a good bet. I present a recent example of such a hybrid programme which proved to significantly increase the rate of improved sanitation coverage through promotion (without subsidy of any kind) at scale in Tanzania. I suggest other sanitation promotion programs may want to think about adopting similar practices in their own programming going forward.
... The human-centered The three typologies in comdev are; imposed , directed , and selfhelp [8]. The grouping is implemented based on the different elements and processes that exist in the community. ...
... The grouping is implemented based on the different elements and processes that exist in the community. The typology of comdev is presented in Table 1 [8]. Table 1, each comdev typology according to [9] can be explained as follows: ...
... The grouper and lobster cultivation program at the marine cage in Tanjung Limau began with initiation from fishermen so that it was classified as a comdev typology of self-help in an effort to overcome the problems they faced, but the progress was slow due to limited resources in society [8]. Then, the PKT entered to assist the grouper and lobster cultivation program in Tanjung Limau, Bontang Baru Village by assisting the facilities and infrastructure needed and increasing the capacity of fishermen groups so that the Comdev could be achieved more quickly according to the initial planning after the recognition of the PKT company because the company has resources and fund sources. ...
In Tanjung Limau coastal community in Bontang City, some of the people make a living as fishing fishermen who are not environmentally friendly. Their lives depend on the weather at sea and cannot go to sea all day long. In order to sustain their life, they owe money to middlemen and are paid when they go to sea and get fish. The fish they get must be paid to the middlemen who give credit at low prices, so they are in debt to thr middlemen. Mr. Ismail, one of the leaders of the Fantasi group from the fishermen of Tanjung Limau, felt that his life was getting tougher, so he tried to cultivate grouper and lobster in the Fixed Net Cages (FxNC) and Floating Net Cages (FNC). His tenacity and patience made his business successful. PKT has the coastal CSR programs around its company; one of which is in Tanjung Limau forming a Creating Shared Value (CSV) Team to carry out the CSR program for grouper and lobster cultivation at the FNC in Tanjung Limau Bontang. At first, they collaborated with the Fantasi Group, and then it developed with several members of other fishing groups in North Bontang District joining. The capacity of fishermen was increased, assisted from the beginning of the program until the program ends and accompanied by access to export markets for the sale of live grouper fish because the price is more expensive. In addition, the program also involved them in planning so that it was successful and has even been replicated in three locations. The research method used was qualitative with the data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation studies as well as the type of narrative. The data source sample was selected purposively and snowball sampling. The comdev typology that emerged was a combination of imposed and self-help led to directed typology. The combination of the two brings the Tanjung Limau fishing community to be environmentally friendly, free from the entanglement of middlemen, empowered, independent and sustainable.
... Community resilience looks specifically at building community capacity to shocks and stresses. Here, community is defined as people (a group of households, residents) living in a specific geographical area, sharing communal resources, and engaging in resource distribution and exchange processes to fulfil local needs and interests [40]. Mulligan et al. [3, p. 357] describe community resilience as a dynamic and continuous process across scales that needs to be negotiated between "exclusive/inclusive, individual/collective, static/dynamic, conservative/progressive and bound/unbound." ...
... We explain systems of domination and use political economy concepts to develop a robust analytical framework for determining how power operates in societal structures, effectively creating and perpetuating the life experiences of people targeted by community development efforts. This framework is then applied to deficit-oriented, imposed community development approaches (Kretzmann & McKnight, 1996;Matarrita-Casante & Brennan, 2012) to reveal how they mirror the systems of domination that create and maintain poverty and injustice. The framework is next applied to asset-oriented advancements in community development theory and practice, demonstrating that while great improvements have been made, the field has not yet fully aligned itself with community empowerment, but rather operates from a beneficent position of privilege that still directs action (Matarrita-Casante & Brennan, 2012). ...
... This framework is then applied to deficit-oriented, imposed community development approaches (Kretzmann & McKnight, 1996;Matarrita-Casante & Brennan, 2012) to reveal how they mirror the systems of domination that create and maintain poverty and injustice. The framework is next applied to asset-oriented advancements in community development theory and practice, demonstrating that while great improvements have been made, the field has not yet fully aligned itself with community empowerment, but rather operates from a beneficent position of privilege that still directs action (Matarrita-Casante & Brennan, 2012). As an alternative approach, the paper provides an introduction to how radical community development seeks liberation and empowerment, closing with a call to explore new professional roles that more effectively enable community members to empower themselves. ...
... In this imposed approach, outside professionals determine what the community needs (Matarrita-Casante & Brennan, 2012). Power-over interventions remake the community according to the norms and standards held by the dominant culture. ...
Using a dimensions of power framework that integrates the theoretical work of Gaventa, Giddens, and Young, this paper unpacks the meanings of self-efficacy, solidarity, and agency in relation to differ- ent forms of power. These definitions: (1) reaffirm radical understandings of empowerment as an internal process for both individuals and groups, as well as a function of enabling institutional and societal structures, and (2) enable critical examination of the role of community development professionals in the pursuit of empowerment at these various levels of analysis. We begin with a critique of imposed, deficit-oriented approaches to community development and examine how mainstream practices have shifted intentions toward asset-oriented, participatory work within communities served, but even in the best circumstances fail to address underlying systemic barriers to empowerment and community well-being. Based on this analysis, we consider how these findings call for transformation of the role of professional community developers.
... To that point, citizen engagement and activism represents a complex web of contexts and emotions. While some research does point out that discrete emotional reactions are not as reliable for predicting engagement with climate activism (Chapman et al., 2017;Ettinger et al., 2021;Sanford et al., 2023), the emotional bonds between individuals are seen as the foundation for individual and community agency around common general needs Odera et al., 2022;Matarrita-Cascante and Brennan, 2012). For the latter, engagement is an outcome of the relationships developed through purposive interaction around common general needs. ...
Food production contributes to and is affected by climate change. With this dual-sided nature of food production, separate from policymakers, the media, scientists, and activists, how climate dialogue engagement occurs when farmers speak about climate is the interest of this research. Due to the important role of youth in climate activism, we analyze climate dialogue engagement on the youthful platform of TikTok during the most recent United Nations COP26 meeting, when climate dialogues peaked globally in the media. This study includes a two-step analyses: Step-I involved a post-focused analysis investigating digital empathy surrounding TikTok posts created by farmers. Step-II was a user-focused analysis exploring TikTok farmers’ perspectives on the public engagement with their climate-farming related posts. The results suggest that the typical empathic engagement of the analyzed climate dialogue is emotional reactions (expressed briefly or explicitly). Even though the analyzed videos contain alternative ways of communication (dynamic demonstrations, humor), cognitive empathy can differ based on the narrative and narrator. These findings contribute to studies investigating the outcome of climate communication among communities that share specific interests, elaborating on the role of alternative ways of communication in climate dialogues, and exploring how digital empathy serves to break down self-silencing among farmers and the online communities that they reach out to
... In the research part, data and reflections derived from fieldwork carried out over the last few years using the ethnographic method are presented. The data collected from the field are also discussed and interpreted on the basis of a theoretical model that proposes a typology of community development forms (Matarrita-Cascante & Brennan, 2012). ...
... Over the past two decades I have regularly carried out fieldwork in Drăguș, during which I have conducted participatory observations and documented, mainly through qualitative and visual data, different aspects of local cultural life, including their dynamics. In this article I have tried to reinterpret the field data from the perspective of a theoretical model recognized as very important in the literature (Mataritta-Cascante et al., 2020), which proposes three forms of community development, named imposed, directed and self-help (Matarrita-Cascante & Brennan, 2012). I have shown that, in Drăguș, all three forms can be identified, and that they were consolidated in different stages of the recent history of this community. ...
This paper highlights a series of forms of community participation in the case of a Romanian rural community that has a well-defined cultural identity and carries out numerous activities aimed at creating cultural vitality. The main purpose of the paper is to highlight a series of data and reflections derived from the field research carried out over the past years using the ethnographic method, as well as to interpret research data on the basis of a theoretical model developed by Mataritta-Cascante and Brennan (2012).
... We consider the conclusion of Matarrita-Cascante D. and Brennan M.A. to be key for the further development of our research. They claim that the development of strategies for the use of community resources should be based on an integrated approach and take into account environmental, social and economic factors [8]. ...
Some aspects of the use of community resources were studied. It was determined that it is impractical to be limited exclusively to financial or land resources, it is necessary to cover the entire resource complex of the community within the framework of the study. It was established that community resources require identification, description, analysis, classification, evaluation and planning of their rational use. Community resources are classified with a basic division into land, natural and other community resources. The need to develop a Program for the rational use and protection of land, natural and other community resources as an effective tool for identification, descriptions, analysis, classification, evaluation and use planning of community resources is substantiated. It was established that as a result of the assessment of the community's resources, it is possible to adjust the measures provided by the territorial community's development strategy, because the management of land-resource (land-property) complexes at any level has a strategic nature and must be tied to the territorial community's development strategy. It was found that an effective means to achieve this is the use of an automated system of accounting and management of land-resource (land-property) complexes of territorial communities, the creation of which should take into account the peculiarities and needs of communities. It is noted that in the framework of the development of an inclusive economy, it is necessary to involve the residents of the community in public goods, in particular, in the use of resources and their management, because the effective use of resources is achieved in the cooperation of local residents and local self-government bodies, and one of the tools is the involvement of residents in the use of resources or their management , is conducting surveys of community residents with the aim of forming strategic goals and measures for community development.
