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Stratigraphic succession of Triassic beds with conodont zonation in the basement of Adriatic- Dinaric carbonate platform of Mt. Svilaja. Sl. 2. Stratigrafsko zaporedje triasnih plasti s konodontno conacijo v podlagi Jadransko–dinarske karbonatne platforme na planini Svilaja.
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On the southwestern slope of Mt. Svilaja a Triassic sequence is exposed. It is composed of Lower Triassic carbonate siliciclastic shelf beds that are unconformably overlain by Anisian breccia. The overlying pelagic Anisian and Ladinian strata with pyroclastic rockscan be interpreted as a result of rift tectonics of Adria micro-plate. A 500 m thick...
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Citations
... High Karst Zone (e.g. Jelaska et al., 2003). ...
... In the westernmost Dinarides, P. murcianus is abundantly represented in a belt of the Ladinian-Carnian strata that crop out in central Slovenia known from several sections . This has been confirmed also in the Svilaja section of Croatia where the Triassic strata form the basement of the Adriatic-Dinaric Carbonate Platform (Jelaska et al., 2003). In these sections of the Dinarides a monospecific assemblage of P. murcianus has been documented that represents stressful and/or specialized environmental conditions that were unfavourable for other conodont taxa and it probably represents a real biological association as interpreted by Kolar-Jurkovšek et al. (2018). ...
... Further south in the areas of the Dinarides, the ammonoid assemblages in volcano-sedimentary successions range in age from lower Illyrian to lower Carnian (Salopek 1918a;Jelaska et al. 2003;Balini et al. 2006;Smirčić et al. 2018). ...
... Elsewhere in the Dinarides, pelagic limestones intercalated with volcaniclastic deposits were deposited throughout the Anisian and Ladinian (Balini et al. 2006;Smirčić et al. 2018Smirčić et al. , 2020 and extending to the Carnian (Jelaska et al. 2003). In places, the Pietra Verde deposits reach significant thicknesses similar to those in the NCTRB, indicating that material redeposition was one of the main sedimentation mechanisms (Smirčić et al. 2018 and references therein). ...
The Middle Triassic volcano-sedimentary successions deposited on the passive continental margin during a period of intense extensional tectonics related to the opening of the Neotethys Ocean were investigated in NW Croatia. A new palaeogeographic term, the Northwestern Croatian Triassic Rift Basin (NCTRB), is introduced for these successions. Pelagic sediments were deposited on top of older shallow-marine carbonates from the early Illyrian to possibly late Ladinian. Pelagic limestones containing Illyrian ammonites and redeposited benthic foraminifers of the same age indicate the existence of a contemporaneous shallow-marine carbonate environment that supplied material to the deeper parts of the basin. Stratigraphically stacked volcanic and volcanogenic rocks are intercalated with pelagic sedimentary rocks. Submarine basaltic rocks, geochemically characterized as trachy-basalts, are related to deep-rooted faults. Trachy-basaltic hyaloclastites, found intercalated within pelagic limestones, were formed by the quenching of magma that came into contact with cold sea water and subsequent resedimentation of the newly formed basaltic fragments. The majority of volcanogenic deposits belong to the Pietra Verde deposits found higher in the sections. The material for these deposits was produced by explosive volcanic eruptions and deposited by gravitational mechanisms, including pyroclastic density currents. Radiolarians from intercalated radiolarian cherts indicate late Illyrian to early Fassanian age for volcanic activity, as well as episodic eruptions and deposition of pyroclastic material. The uppermost part of the NTCRB successions is characterized by secondary volcaniclastic deposits generated by the rapid reworking of unconsolidated pyroclastic detritus and is deposited as medium- to fine-grained turbidites, marking the gradual filling of the basin. Based on regional correlations, late Ladinian is the most likely age for these deposits, indicating a significant stratigraphic gap in the NTCRB successions.
... These persistent and/or repeated severe environmental conditions have been identified in Lower Triassic deposits around the world. Some of the best known shallow-marine sections from the western part of the Tethys Ocean include areas in present-day Croatia (e.g., Herak et al. 1983;Šćavničar anď Sušnjara 1983;Aljinović 1995;Jelaska et al. 2003;Aljinović et al. 2006Aljinović et al. , 2018, Slovenia (e.g., Ogorelec 2011;Kolar-Jurkovšek et al. 2011Chen et al. 2016Chen et al. , 2019, Italy (e.g., Neri and Posenato 1985;Broglio Loriga et al. 1983, 1986, 1990Twitchett 1999;Horacek et al. 2007Horacek et al. , 2010Hofmann et al. 2011Hofmann et al. , 2015Brandner et al. 2012;Foster et al. , 2018aFoster et al. , 2020Posenato 2019), Hungary (e.g., Kovács et al. 1989;Broglio Loriga et al. 1990;Hips 1996Hips , 1998Hips , 2001Budai and Haas 1997;Haas and Budai 1999;Hips and Pelikàn 2002;Haas et al. 2012;Foster et al. 2015Foster et al. , 2020Foster and Sebe 2017), as well as those from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey (e.g.,Önder 1982;Baud et al. 2005Baud et al. , 2007Groves et al. 2005;Baud 2009;Crasquin et al. 2009). These data will be used for comparison with noted events and environmental conditions in the succession studied herein. ...
... 1A), Gorski Kotar (Aljinović et al. 2006;Fig. 1A), and Central Dalmatia (Herak et al. 1983;Šćavničar anď Sušnjara 1983;Marjanac 2000;Jelaska et al. 2003;Vudrag and Sremac 2015) (Fig. 1A, 1B). ...
... Croatia.-The Muć-Ogorje deposits (divided into thin bedded sandstones of Dienerain and Smithian age, and mainly gray limestones, marls, and clastic deposits of Spathian age), resemble in part the Zelovo succession of Mt. Svilaja (Jelaska et al. 2003), where the lowermost part was determined as Smithian based on conodonts within oolitic limestones (obliqua Zone): Nammalian to Spathian Pachycladina obliqua Staesche (Perri and Andraghetti 1987), and Smithian Hadrodontina sp. and ...
The Lower Triassic of the Muć-Ogorje area in Central Dalmatia (southern Croatia) is characterized by clastic and carbonate deposits which are investigated through a 230 m thick succession. The fossil associations identified point to a Dienerian age for the lower, and a Spathian age for the upper part of the studied profile, while trace fossils suggest deposits of Smithian age in the middle part, enabling comparisons with other successions in the region. Changes in sedimentology and associated biota throughout the succession, and environmental conditions are reconstructed for seven facies associations, the distribution of which suggests multiple oscillations in relative sea level. Sedimentary structures point to the influence of high environmental energy, possible storms, with signs of tectonic influence in the studied area. The study deposits lack ooid limestone intervals, which are well represented in other Lower Triassic sections in Croatia, Slovenia, Italy, and Hungary. Moreover, the study section exhibits changes in biota abundance, presence of organic-rich laminae and pyrite, as well as changes in siliciclastic input and transgressive-regressive cycles, especially within the upper, Olenekian, part of the succession studied. The results confirm that environmental stress was persistent throughout the Early Triassic, and contribute to our better understanding of the aftermath of the end Permian extinction and the environmental conditions of the western Tethys epicontinental shelf area.
... Certain Dienerian and Smithian strata in Slovenia are characterized by shallow-water and euryhaline genera of conodonts. Due to the absence of global biozonation markers, a stratigraphic value for some taxa was applied (Hadrodontina aequabilis Staesche, H. anceps Staesche, Pachycladina obliqua Staesche), which were first recognized in the Dolomites, Italy (Perri, 1991) and were later applied in the Dinarides (Jelaska et al., 2003). Therefore, the use of euryhaline genera is an important regional biostratigraphic tool in the western Paleo-Tethys Jurkovšek, 2015, 2019). ...
... A very small but diagnostic conodont fauna was collected in the Lower Triassic part of the section composed of reddish and violet micaceous clastics with oolitic grainstone beds. The fauna is marked by dominant Pachycladina obliqua in association with rare Hadrodontina and Parachirognathodus that is assigned to the obliqua Zone (Jelaska et al., 2003). ...
The Teočak section in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sava-Vardar Zone) composed of the Upper Permian Bellerophon Formation and the Lower Triassic “Werfen Formation” was studied sedimentologically and micropaleontologically by using foraminifers and conodonts. The Bellerophon Formation was deposited in a shallow subtidal lagoon rich in biota characterized by typical Changsingian foraminiferal species. Deposition on a shallow epicontinental ramp with pronounced long-term transgression is proposed for the Lower Triassic strata. The recovered conodont faunas are assigned to the Late Permian praeparvus (Changhsingian) and to the Early Triassic isarcica-staeschei (Griesbachian), costatus (? latest Dienerian-early Smithian) and hungaricus (early Spathian) Zones. The studied strata include the Permian-Triassic Boundary as well as the Induan-Olenekian Boundary. The introduced conodont biozonation in the Teočak section is for the first time proposed for the region and is an important contribution for paleobiogeographic correlation of Western Tethys.
... The section of the Middle Triassic deposits on Mt. Svilaja was investigated by several authors (Halamski et al., 2015;Goričan et al., 2015;Hrvatović et al., 2011;Aljinović et al., 2010;Balini et al., 2006;Kolar-Jurkovšek et al., 2006;Jelaska et al., 2003;Belak, 2000;Marjanac, 2000;Šćavničar et al., 1984). Šćavničar et al. (1984) presented an overview of the Triassic deposits of the area. ...
... The section is 14 m thick and comprises of silicified bioclast rich limestonesand dolostones, green crystallovitric tuffs and pale green to white unconsolidated claytuffs. The stratigraphic position of these volcaniclastic horizons is provided by means of conodonts in Jelaska et al. (2003) and Kolar-Jurkovšek et al. (2006) and according to ammonoid assemblages in Balini et al. (2006). ...
... The thick 1.5 m. Carbo Silicification i to macro-cryst carbonate com characteristics flows of pyroc In the investigated area of Zelovo, earlier investigations carried out by Jelaska et al. (2003), Balini et al. (2006), Kolar-Jurkovšek et al. (2006), Goričan et al. (2015), Halamski et al. (2015) defined the stratigraphic age of this main volcaniclastic deposits. Jelaska et al., 2003, presented the results of conodont biostratigraphy Triassic strata of the Svilaja Mt.. ...
Middle Triassic volcaniclastic depositsin the External Dinarides of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are related to the rifting of the Tethyan Ocean. Three localities in the External Dinarides: Donje Pazarište, Bosansko Grahovo and Zelovo were biostratigraphically analysed in this study. The Middle Triassic carbonate deposits with volcaniclastic interlayers in Donje Pazarište were defined by means of conodonts. Rare ammonoid specimens were collected.Recovered conodont and ammonoid taxa suggest these sections are of Early Illyrian to Early Fassanian Age. The section studied in Bosansko Grahovo is dominantly composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Limestone peperites were collected for conodont analysis. Two conodont zones were defined, suggesting volcanic activity in the same, from Lower Illyrian to Fassanian, time interval. The Zelovo Section was biostratigraphically investigated by several authors. The pietra verde deposits from Zelovo are referred as late Fassanian to Early Longobardian Age. Biostratigraphic correlation from mentioned three localities imply that the magmatic activity in the External Dinarides, and formation of different volcaniclastic facies lasted from Illyrian to Longobardian, similar as in the surrounding western Tethyan territories.
... According to [2] the Upper Permian shallow marine carbonates of the Karst Dinarides are gradually replaced with thick succession consisting of Lower Triassic shelf siliciclastics and carbonates indicating depositional processes on wide Gondwana passive continental margin, which are, depending on the predominant influence, dominated by either shelf siliciclastic or carbonate deposition. Therefore, the Lower Triassic deposits of Karst Dinarides usually can be divided into two lithostratigraphic units: (1) The lower unit is composed of reddish and violet micaceous clastics, and (2) the Upper unit that consists of grayish to brownish limestones and marls. ...
... The Middle Triassic of the Karst Dinaridic area is characterised by thick sequence of shallow/deeper-water limestones with numerous occurrences of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, predominantly in the Ladinian. These widespread Anisian/Ladinian carbonate platform strata could be attributed to a phase when Gondwana shelf experienced the rift tectonics that initiated its desintegration and when the volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks originated [2]. ...
... Contrary to the underlying unit, this unit in its lower part, composed of marls and marly limestones is very rich in various molluscs, such as small gastropods, bivalves and ammonites (Dinarites sp., Tirolites sp.). The thickness of entire Lower Triassic succession in Zelovo area amounts to ca. 330 m [2]. ...
... According to Hrvatović ( (Grimani et al., 1972(Grimani et al., , 1975. Anisian and Ladinian sedimentary rocks unconformably overly Early Triassic "Campiller beds" (Jelaska et al., 2003). Grimani et al., (1975) supposed that volcanic activity had started after a deposition of "Otarnik breccia" at the beginning of Anisian, as pyroclastic deposits and first basalt flow. ...
Middle Triassic volcaniclastic rocks have been recognized at several localities in the vicinity of Bosansko Grahovo, in the southwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the External Dinarides. Peculiar types of autoclastic rocks were investigated. These are peperites and hyaloclastites. Regarding specific structures, mineral composition and micropetrographic characteristics hyaloclastites observed at section Bosansko Grahovo I represent genetic succession. It was possible to further differentiate hyaloclastites into a) in situ hyaloclastites, b) slightly resedimented hyaloclastites and c) resedimented hyaloclastites. Genesis of peperites is related to lava emplacement in unconsolidated water saturated pelagic lime mudstones. In situ hyaloclastites and slightly resedimented hyaloclastites were formed due to quenching at the contact of basaltic lava effusions with sea water. Detritus of resedimented hyaloclastites, where volcanic rock fragments are mixed with limestone/chert clasts, imply reworking after fragmentation and redeposition possibly in the vicinity of primary volcanic basalt effusion. All rock types occurred in the deep sea troughs that formed as a consequence of Middle Triassic extensional tectonic and rift related wrench faulting. All investigated rock types represent the first findings of autoclastic deposits in the External Dinarides. Biostratigraphic constraints achieved by means of conodont species Neogondolella excentrica, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella trammeri and Gladigondolella tethydis indicate Late Anisian to Early Ladinian interval of the autoclastic deposits from Bosansko Grahovo.
... Pachycladina obliqua has been reported from northern Italy (Perri and Andraghetti, 1987;Perri, 1991), central Slovenia (Kolar- Jurkovšek and Jurkovšek, 1995, 1996, Jurkovšek et al., 1999, Kolar-Jurkovšek and Jurkovšek, 2001, Dozet and Kolar-Jurkovšek, 2007, Croatia (Jelaska et al. 2003;Aljinović et al., 2006), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Aljinović et al., 2011), South China (Wang and Cao, 1981;Yang et al., 1986;Yan et al., 2013) and North America (Beyrers and Orchard, 1991). In northern Italy, the Pa. ...
The first recovery of the conodont Hindeodus parvus from Žiri (Slovenia) a few years ago highlights this area for Early Triassic biostratigraphical study. Systematic sampling of five sections in the Idrija-Žiri area has yielded the new species Platyvillosus corniger sp. nov. and Neospathodus planus sp. nov. Based on these new species and other conodont elements collected here, nine discrete conodont Unitary Association (UA) zones are proposed for this area. In ascending order they are: Eurygnathodus costatus Zone (UA 1), Eurygnathodus hamadai Zone (UA 2), Foliella gardenae Zone (UA 3), Neospathodus robustus Zone (UA 4), Platyvillosus corniger Zone (UA 5), Platyvillosus regularis Zone (UA 6), Triassospathodus hungaricus Zone (UA 7), Triassospathodus symmetricus Zone (UA 8), and Neospathodus robustispinus Zone (UA 9). The conodont and δ13C data indicate that these conodonts span the Dienerian/Smithian (i.e. Induan/Olenekian) boundary interval to the Spathian, and they also indicate that Triassospathodus hungaricus Zone (UA 7) does not occur at the base of the Spathian. These conodont zones are valuable for stratigraphic correlation within Central and southern Europe, and they also promote a better correlation worldwide. Conodonts in the Idrija-Žiri area were adapted to a shallow-water environment in an epeiric ramp.
... 2006(Balini et al., 2006). Based on conodont fauna this interval is attributed to the Ladinian hungaricus Assemblage Zone ( Jelaska et al., 2003). This interval is followed by well bedded pelagic limestone with sporadic marl laminae which are attributed to mungoensis (Ladinian) and murchianus (upper Ladinian to ?lower Carnian) conodont zones. ...
Ladinian deposits at Mt. Svilaja in Dalmatia (Outer Dinarides, Croatia) yielded an abundant brachiopod fauna of low diversity interpreted as a parautochthonous assemblage representing an ecosystem of dasycladacean submarine meadow. The fauna consists of four named species and one left in open nomenclature. The most common is the spiriferinide
Flabellocyrtia flabellulum
Chorowicz and Termier, 1975 (Spiriferinida) accounting for more than 70% of the material. The athyridide
Cassianospira humboldtii
(von Klipstein, 1845) is the only species known from elsewhere (Anisian of Southern Alps). The new species of Spiriferinida
Thecocyrtella dagysii
Halamski, Bitner, Kaim, Kolar-Jurkovšek, and Jurkovšek n. sp. differs from other representatives of the genus in having a deep ventral sulcus.
Albasphe albertimagni
Halamski, Bitner, Kaim, Kolar-Jurkovšek, and Jurkovšek n. gen. n. sp. is a new brachiopod that possesses a dorsal septum with an intra-septal cavity and dorsal submarginal ridges, both features in common with Aalenian
Zellania
Moore, 1855 from which it differs in lack of the ventral septum and of ventral submarginal ridges. They are interpreted as members of a sparsely recorded paedomorphic evolutionary line of terebratulides with secondarily lost loop, described formally herein as Gwyniidina Halamski and Bitner n. subordo and subdivided into newly emended Dispheniidae Grant, 1988 (Dispheniinae Grant, 1988 with the only genus
Disphenia
and Albasphinae Halamski and Bitner n. subfam. with
Albasphe
and
Zellania
) and Gwyniidae MacKinnon, 2006 (including Recent
Gwynia
and
Simpliciforma
). In contrast to previous interpretations, the trocholophe lophophore of
Gwynia
is interpreted herein as secondarily simplified.
... The Lower Triassic beds are unconformably overlain by the dolomitic Anisian Otarnik Breccia and then by an approximately 150 m thick succession of pelagic carbonates and pyroclastic rocks ("pietra verde") whose deposition was related to the regionally well-marked rifting phase. Five conodont zones, from the Neogondolella constricta Zone (lower Upper Anisian) to the Pseudofurnishius murchianus Zone (Upper Ladinian-?Lower Carnian), were recognized in this interval (JELASKA et al., 2003). The deeper-water carbonates are overlain by an emersion breccia with bauxitic clayey matrix that is followed by thick-bedded Norian-Rhaetian limestone and dolomite. ...
... Whole rock composition of La-Th-Sc and Th-Sc-Zr/10 suggests that possible depositional environment could be continental arc (BHATIA & CROOK, 1986). ...
