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-Stimulation of chick growth by different samples of dehydrated and sun-cured alfalfa meal
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Hansen et al. (1953) have previously submitted evidence that dehydrated and sun-cured alfalfa meal contained an unidentified growth factor required for chick growth. It was further demonstrated that some, but not all samples of sun-cured meal were superior to dehydrated alfalfa meal in promoting chick growth. The data of Fisher et al. (1953) sugges...
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Context 1
... data recorded in Table 1 demonstrate conclusively that each of the six alfalfa samples significantly improved chick growth. While the difference in the growth promoting ability of the two types of meal was not so pronounced as previously observed by Hansen et al. (1953) the superiority of the sun-cured meals over the dehydrated meals was found to be statistically significant at the five percent level of probability (t = 2.07). ...Similar publications
INTRODUCTION
TREATMENT of dried whey with water (Kratzer et al., 1955) yielded a product which improved the growth of chicks beyond that of untreated dried whey. Treatment of the basal diet with water had little effect with perhaps a questionable improvement in the nutritive value of the feed. Treatment of barley, rye and wheat with water (Fry et a...
Citations
... 38:356-359. Scott, J. P., and E. Fredericson, 1951 Hansen et al., 1953;Jacobs et al., 1953;Scott et al., 1953;Vavich et al., 1953;Fisher et al, 1954). ...
NOVAK et al. (1953) observed that a factor(s) was present in dehydrated alfalfa leaf meal which stimulated growth of the mold, Neurospora sitophila. This factor(s) was distinct from thiamine, folic acid, biotin, para-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin B12, riboflavin, niacin, and inositol. Concentration of this factor(s) was reported by Novak, Jonnard and Liuzzo (1958), employing this mold as a test organism for evaluating and comparing the degree of activity in the various fractions. These investigators obtained a final active concentrate which represented less than 0.1% of the solids.
This study was proposed to test the growth stimulating effects of these alfalfa concentrates on chicks, since numerous investigations have indicated the presence of an unidentified growth factor(s) in alfalfa for the chick (Kohler and Graham, 1951; Hansen et al., 1953; Jacobs et al., 1953; Scott et al., 1953; Vavich et al., 1953; Fisher et al., 1954).
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The growth stimulating effects of …
... Kohler and Graham (1951) in a study with chicks also reported that the growth factor in forage was destroyed by drying the whole plant. Scott et al. (1953), however, reported significant growth responses with chicks fed both sun-cured and dehydrated alfalfa. The role of this factor, in the nutrition of turkeys over 8 weeks of age, is not well known. ...
MARKET turkeys are commonly reared on range from 8 or 10 weeks of age until finished at 24 to 28 weeks of age. Green forages supply quantities of both known and unknown nutrients necessary for optimum growth of turkey poults (Scott, 1951; Scott and Jensen, 1952). These authors suggested that the poult growth promoting factor found in grass juice was at least partially destroyed by drying. Kohler and Graham (1951) in a study with chicks also reported that the growth factor in forage was destroyed by drying the whole plant. Scott et al. (1953), however, reported significant growth responses with chicks fed both sun-cured and dehydrated alfalfa. The role of this factor, in the nutrition of turkeys over 8 weeks of age, is not well known. Darrow and Morgan (1944) reported that range rearing resulted in a saving of 9.1% and 3.1% in the amount of feed consumed respectively by . . .
... Studies by Hansen et al. (1953), Vavich et al. (1953), and others have shown the presence of as yet unidentified growth factors in alfalfa fed to poultry. Scott, Fisher and Snyder (1953) found somewhat better growth during a 4-week period when chicks were fed a semi-purified diet containing sun-cured alfalfa than when dehydrated alfalfa was employed. ...
... There was no significant difference in efficiency of feed utilization among the various diets. As previously cited, Scott et al. (1953) found that chick growth due to growth factors present in dehydrated alfalfa meal was somewhat less than that obtained with a diet containing sun-cured meal. Hansen et al. (1953) attributed similar results to the high temperatures required by the dehydration process, which they presumed to cause a loss in growth factor activity. ...
INTRODUCTION
MITCHELL and Hauge (1946), Griffith and Thompson (1949), and Silker et al. (1944), among other workers, have shown that enzyme activity is responsible for up to 30% of the carotene losses during field-curing of alfalfa hay. Thompson (1952) has shown that treatment of freshly-cut alfalfa at 110–120°C. for a few seconds, followed by sun-curing to the usual moisture state of field-cured hay, resulted in a product with a significantly higher carotene content than was found in hay cured in the usual manner. This apparently resulted from heat inactivation of the carotene oxidase system, since the effect is similar to that obtained by commercial dehydration of alfalfa as reported by Russell (1929) and by many other investigators since that time.
Studies by Hansen et al. (1953), Vavich et al. (1953), and others have shown the presence of as yet unidentified growth factors in alfalfa fed to poultry. Scott, Fisher …
The coexistence of coenzyme Q10 with plastoquinone in commercial alfalfa meal has been confirmed, and the content of coenzyme Q10 was found to be ca. 28 mg/kg. The preparation and storage of commercial alfalfa meal can lead to retention of essentially all of the coenzyme Q10 of growing alfalfa since the content of coenzyme Q10 of the freshly collected plant was ca. 3.4 mg/kg; this value is reasonably consistent with the water content of the green plant.
THERE is considerable evidence to indicate that in addition to all the known vitamins, chicks require unidentified factors in starting rations. One or more such factors are reported to be present in green feed. Kohler and Graham (1951) found that the press juice of forage contained a growth factor for chicks, and noted that commercial chicks fed a practical type ration responded to the growth factor. In the experiment described the growth factor was apparently destroyed by drying. Subsequently, however, other investigators have reported a growth factor in dehydrated alfalfa. Hansen et al. (1953) and Scott, Fisher and Synder (1953) reported that either dehydrated or sun-cured alfalfa stimulated growth in chicks fed purified diets containing all the known growth factors. Vavich, Wertz and Kemmerer (1953) found that dehydrated alfalfa contained one or more unidentified chick growth factors. They reported further that sardine meal gave a similar stimulus to growth. In . . .
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate alfalfa meal in the diet of turkeys aged between 1 d and 4 weeks. Turkeys were fed on diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% alfalfa meal from two sources. By adding increments of 5% alfalfa meal containing 20 or 17% protein in place of 4.0% ground yellow corn and 1.0% dehulled soybean meal, food efficiencies were decreased by 2.3 and 3.1%, respectively. Body weights decreased and food consumptions increased in a linear manner.Two additional experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adding alfalfa meal to diets of turkeys aged between 4 and 8 weeks. Adding 5% alfalfa meal containing 17% protein to the diet did not affect the average body weight gain but food consumption was increased by 3.4% and the efficiency of food utilisation decreased by 3.0%.To produce the efficiencies of food utilisation in the turkeys as observed in this study, the alfalfa meals containing 20 and 17% protein would be expected to contain about 1870 and 1320 kcal ME/kg (7.82 and 5.52 MJ/kg) respectively.
A factorial design was employed in two experiments with chicks depleted and non-depleted in animal protein and alfalfa meal to test the response to unidentified growth factors present in alfalfa meal, defatted whole liver and dried whey. The data suggest that each of the three supplements contributes separate and distinct factors which are additive in their action. Alfalfa meal gave the greatest and most consistent response of the supplements tested. It was shown that the growth response from alfalfa meal could not be explained on the basis of its content of ash, critical amino acids or glucuronic acid. The results obtained from adding 5% cellulose to the basal diet were inconclusive. Growth inhibition resulting from 40% alfalfa meal cannot be explained solely on the basis that alfalfa contains a toxic factor.
