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Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa. A–D. Asci with ascospores. E. Paraphyses. F, G. Asci with a distinct apical annulus. H, I. Ascospores. J, K. Perithecia of the teleomorph associated with conidiophores on the host. A–I from PRM 915682. Scale bars: A–D = 20 μm; E–I = 10 μm; J, K = 250 μm.
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Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa is a conspicuous, lignicolous, dematiaceous hyphomycete with macronematous, penicillate conidiophores with branches or metulae arising from the apex of the stipe, terminating with cylindrical, elongated conidiogenous cells producing conidia in a holoblastic manner. The discovery of its teleomorph is documented here based...
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... and conidiogenous cell morphology, but differ in conidiophore morphology. Cylindrical, prolonged, hyaline, polyblastic conidiogenous cells bearing several conspicuous denticles produced in a sympodial pattern, are typical of P. recurvatum (Fernández et al. 1999: 256;figs 15-23) and to some extent also P. obovoideum (Arzanlou et al. 2007: 83; fig. 28). The conidiophore apex of Sterigmatobotrys is more complex but could be interpreted as a branched, penicillate derivation of the basic pattern seen in Pleurothecium. Sterigmatobotrys species form several series of branches and metulae terminating in polyblastic conidiogenous cells that extend sympodially, resulting in a zig-pattern of ...Citations
... The phylogenetic result in this study (Fig. 53) agrees with Luo et al. (2019) to treat Rhexoacrodictys as a member of Pleurotheciaceae. Pleurotheciaceae Réblová & Seifert Notes: Pleurotheciaceae includes five holomorphic genera, Helicoascotaiwania (Fallah et al. 1999;Réblová et al. 2020a), Melanotrigonum (Réblová et al. 2016c), Pleurothecium (Fernández et al. 1999), Pleurotheciella (Réblová et al. 2012) and Sterigmatobotrys (Réblová and Seifert 2011). Adelosphaeria is known in sexual morph with brown, subglobose, aseptate cells without forming a typical asexual morph (Réblová et al. 2016c). ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... Species in Pleurotheciaceae have cosmopolitan distributions (Réblová & Seifert 2011, Réblová et al. 2012, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017, Xia et al. 2017. The number of novel taxa reported from freshwater habitats has been increasing in the recent years (Hyde et al. 2016b, Réblová et al. 2016a, Abdel-Aziz et al. 2020. ...
Eight freshwater asexual strains collected from China and Thailand were subjected to morpho-molecular analyses. BLAST search results showed that the new strains belonged to Pleurotheciales, Sordariomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence dataset are used to clarify the placement of the new strains within Pleurotheciales. Pleurothecium guttulatum and Pleurotheciella sympodia are introduced as two new species from freshwater habitats. New geographical record of Pleurotheciella nilotica from Asia (Thailand and China) is reported. New habitat and geographical records of Phaeoisaria annesophieae (from freshwater habitats in Asia) are reported. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species and records, as well as known species Rhexoacrodictys erecta and Phaeoisaria annesophieae, are provided. A key to Pleurotheciella species is provided.
... [130] documented five alternatives which can be followed when deciding on a single name for a fungus with a pleomorphic life cycle. These are: 1) strict priority, ignoring names originally typified by asexual morph or sexual morph by considering the priority of both generic names and species epithets [131,132]; 2) sexual morph priority, with asexual morph species epithets [133]; 3) sexual morph priority without considering earlier asexual morph species epithets [134][135][136]; 4) teleotypification and 5) single species names but allowing two genera per clade (Hypomyces/Cladobotryum) [137,138]. A number of sexual and asexual morph fungal genera have been linked by applying the oldest available name for the lineage (strict priority) in various studies. ...
Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes found as saprophytes, pathogens or endophytes, which distribute in every corner of our planet. As the main pathogens, fungi can cause 70-80% of total plant diseases, leading to huge crop yield reduction and economic loss. For identification of fungal plant pathogens, mycologists and plant pathologists have mainly gone through two stages, viz. morphological observation and morphology/phylogeny, and the next era might be utilizing DNA barcodes as the tool for rapid identification. This chapter accounts i) the brief history of development for fungal identification tools and main concepts, ii) the importance and confusion of "One fungus, one name" for pathogen identification, iii) more or fewer species that we need in agricultural practice, and iv) the foreground of fungal plant pathogen identification. These will help to solve the practical problems of identification of fungal pathogens in agricultural production.
... [130] documented five alternatives which can be followed when deciding on a single name for a fungus with a pleomorphic life cycle. These are: 1) strict priority, ignoring names originally typified by asexual morph or sexual morph by considering the priority of both generic names and species epithets [131,132]; 2) sexual morph priority, with asexual morph species epithets [133]; 3) sexual morph priority without considering earlier asexual morph species epithets [134][135][136]; 4) teleotypification and 5) single species names but allowing two genera per clade (Hypomyces/Cladobotryum) [137,138]. A number of sexual and asexual morph fungal genera have been linked by applying the oldest available name for the lineage (strict priority) in various studies. ...
... [130] documented five alternatives which can be followed when deciding on a single name for a fungus with a pleomorphic life cycle. These are: 1) strict priority, ignoring names originally typified by asexual morph or sexual morph by considering the priority of both generic names and species epithets [131,132]; 2) sexual morph priority, with asexual morph species epithets [133]; 3) sexual morph priority without considering earlier asexual morph species epithets [134][135][136]; 4) teleotypification and 5) single species names but allowing two genera per clade (Hypomyces/Cladobotryum) [137,138]. A number of sexual and asexual morph fungal genera have been linked by applying the oldest available name for the lineage (strict priority) in various studies. ...
Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes found as saprophytes, pathogens or endophytes, which distribute in every corner of our planet. As the main pathogens, fungi can cause 70–80% of total plant diseases, leading to huge crop yield reduction and economic loss. For identification of fungal plant pathogens, mycologists and plant pathologists have mainly gone through two stages, viz. morphological observation and morphology/phylogeny, and the next era might be utilizing DNA barcodes as the tool for rapid identification. This chapter accounts i) the brief history of development for fungal identification tools and main concepts, ii) the importance and confusion of “One fungus, one name” for pathogen identification, iii) more or fewer species that we need in agricultural practice, and iv) the foreground of fungal plant pathogen identification. These will help to solve the practical problems of identification of fungal pathogens in agricultural production.
... They produce effuse colonies or rarely sporodochial conidiomata, mononematous or synnematous conidiophores and usually thin-walled, hyaline or pigmented, straight or helicoid, septate, dry or slimy conidia formed mostly on short denticles or rachis on sympodially extending conidiogenous cells (e.g. Fallah , Fern andez et al. 1999, R eblov a & Seifert 2011, R eblov a et al. 2012, 2016a, b, Cheng et al. 2014, Hern andez-Restrepo et al. 2017, Luo et al. 2018. ...
The newly discovered systematic placement of Bactrodesmium abruptum, the lectotype species of the genus, prompted a re-valuation of the traditionally broadly conceived genus Bactrodesmium. Fresh material, axenic cultures and new DNA sequence data of five gene regions of six species, i.e. B. abruptum, B. diversum, B. leptopus, B. obovatum, B. pallidum and B. spilomeum, were studied. Bactrodesmium is a strongly resolved lineage in the Savoryellales (Sordariomycetes), supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. The genus Bactrodesmium is emended and delimited to hyphomycetes characterised by sporodochial conidiomata, mononematous often fasciculate conidiophores, holoblastic conidiogenesis and acrogenous, solitary, dry, pigmented, transversely or rarely longitudinally septate conidia. The conidia are seceding rhexolytically, exhibiting multiple secession patterns. An identification key to 35 species accepted in Bactrodesmium is given, providing the most important diagnostic characters. Novel DNA sequence data of B. longisporum and B. stilboideum confirmed their placement in the Sclerococcales (Eurotiomycetes). For other Bactrodesmium, molecular data are available for B. cubense and B. gabretae, which position them in the Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes, respectively. All four species are excluded from Bactrodesmium and segregated into new genera, Aphanodesmium, Gamsomyces and Kaseifertia. Classification of other 20 species and varieties not recognised in the genus is discussed. Based on new collections of Dematiosporium aquaticum, the type species of Dematiosporium, the genus is emended to accommodate monodictys-like freshwater lignicolous fungi of the Savoryellales characterised by effuse colonies, holoblastic conidiogenous cells and dictyosporous, pigmented conidia with a pore in each cell. Study of additional new collections, cultures and DNA sequence data revealed several unknown species, which are proposed as taxonomic novelties in the Savoryellales and closely related Pleurotheciales. Ascotaiwania latericolla, Helicoascotaiwania lacustris and Pleurotheciella erumpens are described from terrestrial, lentic and lotic habitats from New Zealand and France, respectively. New combinations are proposed for Helicoascotaiwania farinosa and Neoascotaiwania fusiformis. Relationships and systematics of the Savoryellales are discussed in the light of recent phylogenies and morphological patterns newly linked with the order through cultural studies.
... In spite of these attempts for a natural classification, the debate for the classification of many anamorphic genera remains unsolved. Recent application of molecular-and culture-based analyses have helped resolving many anamorph-teleomorph connections (e.g., Crous et al. 2001Crous et al. , 2004Crous et al. , 2006Lizel et al. 2003;Réblová andSeifert 2004, 2011;Huhndorf and Fernández 2005; CONTACT Lucia Muggia lmuggia@units.it; lucia_muggia@hotmail.com Color versions of one or more of the figures in this article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/umyc. ...
The genus Cheiromycina is one of the few genera of lichenized hyphomycetes for which no sexual reproductive stages have been observed. The genus includes species from boreal to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere where it is found growing on bark or wood. Congeners in Cheiromycina are characterized by a noncorticate thallus, nearly immersed in the substrate and presenting powdery unpigmented sporodochia, and containing chlorococcoid photobionts. The relationships of members of Cheiromycina with other fungi are not known. Here we inferred the phylogenetic placement of Cheiromycina using three loci (nuSSU, nuLSU, and mtSSU) representing C. flabelliformis, the type species for the genus, C. petri, and C. reimeri. Our results revealed that the genus Cheiromycina is found within the family Malmideaceae (Lecanorales) where members formed a monophyletic clade sister to the genera Savoronala and Malmidea. This phylogenetic placement and the relationships of Cheiromycina with other lichenized hyphomycetous taxa are here discussed.
... within the recently established order Pleurotheciales belonging to Hypocreomycetidae (Réblová et al. 2016). Both of these genera include holomorphic ascomycete taxa whose perithecial, chaetosphaeria-like teleomorphs are morphologically similar to the recently discovered teleomorph of S. macrocarpa (Réblová & Seifert 2011). Ertz et al. (2016) transferred T. rudis to Sterigmatobotrys based on similar results and its distant phylogenetic position from T. exilis, the type species of Taeniolella, but retained it as distinct from S. macrocarpa due to morphological differences. ...
Taeniolella sabalicola sp. nov., isolated from a petiole of a dead leaf of Sabal palmetto collected in south Florida, U.S.A., is described and illustrated based on morphological, cultural and molecular data. The fungus is characterized by forming slowly growing, black, restricted colonies on culture media and effuse colonies with abundant aerial mycelium on natural substrate after incubation, semi-macronematous or micronematous, long, unbranched conidiophores and clavate, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, smooth or verruculose, brown to blackish brown, multiseptate conidia with transverse, longitudinal and oblique septa, often surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath and usually in simple or branched acropetal chains. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data also suggest the fungus is distinct from other Taeniolella species and possess affinities with members of Sordariomycetidae (Ascomycota) but its ordinal or familial position within the subclass remains uncertain. Molecular data also confirm that Taeniolella sensu lato is polyphyletic and show that T. sabalicola is unrelated to the generic type, T. exilis, recently placed in the family Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within the class Dothideomycetes.
... Taeniolella exilis, the type species, is related to the Kirschsteiniotheliaceae in Dothideomycetes (Ertz et al. 2016). The molecular taxonomy of S. macrocarpa and S. rudis has been previously studied by Réblová & Seifert (2011) and Réblová et al. (2012Réblová et al. ( , 2016b, who based on multi-locus phylogenies demonstrated the relationship of Sterigmatobotrys with members of Ascotaiwania, Conioscypha, Pleurotheciella and Pleurothecium. ...
During a survey of saprophytic microfungi on decomposing woody, herbaceous debris and soil from different regions in Southern Europe, a wide range of interesting species of asexual ascomycetes were found. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene sequences of SSU, LSU and ITS proved that most of these fungi were related to Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes and to lesser extent to Leotiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. Four new monotypic orders with their respectively families are proposed here, i.e. Lauriomycetales, Lauriomycetaceae; Parasympodiellales, Parasympodiellaceae; Vermiculariopsiellales, Vermiculariopsiellaceae, and Xenospadicoidales, Xenospadicoidaceae. One new order and three families are introduced here to accommodate orphan taxa, viz. Kirschsteiniotheliales, Castanediellaceae, Leptodontidiaceae, and Pleomonodictydaceae. Furthermore, Bloxamiaceae is validated. Based on morphology and phylogenetic affinities Diplococcium singulare, Trichocladium opacum and Spadicoides atra are moved to the new genera Paradiplococcium, Pleotrichocladium and Xenospadicoides, respectively. Helicoon fuscosporum is accommodated in the genus Magnohelicospora. Other novel genera include Neoascotaiwania with the type species N. terrestris sp. nov., and N. limnetica comb. nov. previously accommodated in Ascotaiwania; Pleomonodictys with P. descalsii sp. nov. as type species, and P. capensis comb. nov. previously accommodated in Monodictys; Anapleurothecium typified by A. botulisporum sp. nov., a fungus morphologically similar to Pleurothecium but phylogenetically distant; Fuscosclera typified by F. lignicola sp. nov., a meristematic fungus related to Leotiomycetes; Pseudodiplococcium typified by P. ibericum sp. nov. to accommodate an isolate previously identified as Diplococcium pulneyense; Xyladictyochaeta typified with X. lusitanica sp. nov., a foliicolous fungus related to Xylariales and similar to Dictyochaeta, but distinguished by polyphialidic conidiogenous cells produced in setiform conidiophores. Other novel species proposed are Brachysporiella navarrica, Catenulostroma lignicola, Cirrenalia iberica, Conioscypha pleiomorpha, Leptodontidium aureum, Pirozynskiella laurisilvatica, Parasympodiella lauri and Zanclospora iberica. To fix the application of some fungal names, lectotypes and/or epitypes are designated for Magnohelicospora iberica, Sporidesmium trigonellum, Sporidesmium opacum, Sporidesmium asperum, Camposporium aquaticum and Psilonia atra.
... comm.). Based on the features and dimensions of metulae, conidiogenous cells and conidia (Réblová and Seifert 2011), there are hardly any differences between the two taxa. Taeniolella rudis has somewhat wider metulae (8-15 × 4-5 µm, compared to 6.5-13.5 × (2.5-)3 µm) and ...
Taeniolella is a genus of asexual ascomycetes with saprophytic, endophytic and lichenicolous life styles. A phylogeny of representative species of the genus is presented, with a focus on lichenicolous taxa. We obtained mtSSU and nuLSU sequence data from culture isolates of Taeniolella and from freshly collected specimens of other species. The genus Taeniolella is recovered as strongly polyphyletic with species distributed between the Dothideomycetes and the Sordariomycetes. The type species, Taeniolella exilis, is placed in the Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within Dothideomycetes. Other saprophytic/endophytic Taeniolella species previously assigned to the Sordariomycetes based on sequences were found to represent either contaminants or species that cannot be assigned to Taeniolella for morphological reasons. Lichenicolous species are restricted to the Asterotexiales (Dothideomycetes) where the sequenced species of Taeniolella do not form a monophyletic group, but are related to species of the genera Buelliella s. lat., Karschia, Labrocarpon, Melaspilea s. lat., and Stictographa. Molecular data are, however, not sufficient to reallocate the lichenicolous Taeniolella species to other genera so far. Anamorph-teleomorph relationships between these taxa and lichenicolous Taeniolella species are discussed but could not be demonstrated with the current data. Buelliella minimula, the type species of the genus Buelliella, is placed in the Asterotexiales, and the genus recovered as polyphyletic. Three new lichenicolous Taeniolella species are described, namely T. hawksworthiana, T. pyrenulae, and T. toruloides. Taeniolella rudis is transferred to Sterigmatobotrys, as S. rudis. In addition, the taxonomic part comprises detailed treatments of the generic type T. exilis and of T. punctata, which are both included in the phylogenetic trees.
