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Source publication
Oral candidiasis is caused by fungi of the genus Candida and one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections of the human oral cavity. Given the clinical variability of this disease, microbiological techniques are often required for clinical confirmation, as well as establishing a differential diagnosis with other diseases. The aim of this b...
Citations
... The protocols used in this study were approved by the [17]. The collected vaginal swabs were immersed in sterilized PBS and transported to the microbiology laboratory for further investigation. ...
... A study also suggested the highest rates of fluconazole (66.5 %), itraconazole (52.3 %) and ketoconazole (22.9 %) resistance towards C. albicans [45]. Several studies found a lower frequency of amphotericin B resistance in C. albicans and non-albicans species that might be due to limited use of amphotericin B [17,[46][47][48]. ...
Objective:
Vaginal candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection, largely associated with a woman's psychological and economic status. Recently, the rate of disease progression has increased extensively; however, region-specific studies are very limited. This study aimed to understand variation in hydrolytic activities and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates from vaginal discharge.
Study design:
The present study was aimed to understand the variation of hydrolytic activities and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates from vaginal discharge.
Results:
In total, 34 different Candida isolates were collected: C. albicans (n = 17; 50 %), C. glabrata (n = 6; 17.64 %), C. tropicalis (n = 4; 11.76 %) and C. parapsilosis (n = 7; 20.58 %). All isolates were primarily identified and confirmed by basic microbiological methods followed by the VITEK-2 system. Antifungal susceptibility of the isolates were evaluated using yeast antifungal susceptibility testing cards. The isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were 100 % susceptible to amphotericin B. The non-albicans isolates presented 100 % of proteolytic and lipolytic activity compared with C. albicans. Eight (47.06 %) C. albicans isolates showed positive esterase activity (Pz<1), whereas nine (52.94 %) were negative to esterase (Pz = 1). Of the 34 Candida isolates, 28 (82.35 %) were found to be moderate-to-strong biofilm producers: 14 C. albicans, three C. glabrata, six C. parapsilosis and five C. tropicalis.
Conclusion:
This study clarified the antifungal susceptibility and virulence behaviour of Candida isolates; this will be of use in the selection of antifungal agents for Candida prophylaxis.
... A classical microscopical procedure typically involves removing a representative sample from the infected site (exfoliative cytology) which is transferred to a microscopic slide and treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH), Gram stain, or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain [41] Microscopic examination can be made with fresh samples, using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), which dissolves the epithelial cells and leaves Candida intact, or 15-30% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) [42] . Moreover, Candida species stain poorly by hemotoxylin and eosin. ...
The present review deals with oral candidiasis which is an opportunistic infection mainly caused by fungus Candida albicans. Candida infection is caused due to change in the host defense system where both immunological and non-immunological factors play essential roles making the condition favorable for proliferation of Candida. Oral candidiasis can be divided into acute, chronic and candida- associated lesions. The diagnosis of the candidal infection in the oral cavity can be determined by microscopic examination or biopsy in case of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. The main line of treatment is by giving anti-fungal ointments that can be topically applied and in some cases systemic medication can also be administered.
Keywords: Candidiasis, Opportunistic, Candida albicans, Proliferation, Hyperplastic candidiasis.
