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This paper presents a complex study of the performance developed by an outer rotor induction motor with multipole stator winding. The novelty of the proposed structure consists in the replacement of the regular lap winding with a ring type one, which allows a higher flexibility in changing the number of pole pairs. The purpose is mainly to obtain a...
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The fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous machines are well-known for their low torque ripple. However, in
mass-production machines, not all the permanent magnets are identical due to the manufacturing tolerances and new torque
harmonics could appear. In addition, the magnetic field is modified and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) could happen...
Citations
... The rotor of the SEMC performs the functions of an actuator and is used as a direct drive, in which a wide range of rotational speeds can be formed without a semiconductor converter. Similar results were achieved in the works of P.J. Holik et al. (2007), and B. Virlan et al. (2013), which present a comprehensive study of the performance of an induction motor (IM) with an external rotor and a multipole stator winding. ...
In ensuring the reliability of electromechanical converters in harsh conditions, the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of their application through structural, functional, and thermal integration with the technological environment is present. Thus, the research aims to determine the conditions of the direct multiphysical impact of a screw-type electromechanical converter on the technological environment. The method used is based on determining the list of features of screw-type electromechanical converters using the Comsol Multiphysics software, and a combination of three-dimensional and two-dimensional finite element models limited to the rotor with the inclusion of blades in the computational domain. Two variants of forming an algorithm for the multiphysical impact on the technological environment were studied: local concentration of the impact in certain areas of the rotor and uniform distribution along the rotor surface of temperature, pressure, magnetic induction, and electric field strength. The regularities of the distribution of magnetic induction on the outer surface of the ferromagnetic rotor at different azimuthal locations of the frontal parts of adjacent stators have been established. The distribution of the normal component of the magnetic flux density at the contact with the process medium in the form of rutile product or ilmenite concentrate is determined. The consumed electric energy is distributed in the stator tooth zone and the zone of electromagnetic field penetration into the rotor. Eddy currents are concentrated at the penetration depth from the rotor’s inner surface, with the penetration depth depending on the thermal state and sliding mode. The electric field intensity on the rotor’s outer surface reaches 0.8 V/m in the areas opposite the stator crowns and depends on the current activity of the phases at a given moment. Controlling the thermal and speed regime of the rotor can be used to create conditions for bioenergy stimulation on its surface in places of contact with the medium or to support the process of electrode heating of the technological medium. The adequacy of the mathematical models proposed for numerical modelling to the experimental data of the prototype of the screw electromechanical converter was confirmed, with deviations not exceeding 9.5%. The obtained results can be used to predict the optimal indicators of electromagnetic and heat transfer processes in screw electromechanical converters associated with the technological environment
... Rotor Conductivity Bar Rotor Induction motors with distributed windings are the most prevalent, but their winding configuration is not favored due to the larger overall size of the machine and reduced magnetic core utilization, which is a huge limitation for IWM application [40]. In [41], a stator design with auxiliary slots and variable turns per coil is utilized to mitigate the spatial harmonics of the MMF. ...
Recently, there has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include a clutch, reduction gear, and mechanical differential, which results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. However, in-wheel motor drive technology eliminates the need for these components, providing benefits such as higher system efficiency, improved wheel control, and increased passenger comfort. This article offers a comprehensive review of the technology and development of in-wheel motor drives. It begins with an overview of in-wheel motor drives in electric vehicles, followed by an exploration of the types of electric motors suitable for in-wheel motor drives. The paper then presents an industrial state of the art of in-wheel motors, comparing them with conventional motor drives, and reviews the implemented power electronics, control system, and cooling systems. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an outlook on the challenges and future trends of in-wheel drive systems.
... One of the major limitations that have been noted in the outer rotor motors is that these motors produce a cogging torque that has to be controlled to optimize efficiency [17,20]. Without controlling the cogging torque, outer rotor motors might not be able to perform efficiently for the EVs. ...
... The resistant torque for outer rotor IMs increases with an increase in voltage [17,21]. Therefore, there is a need for a control system that ensures optimal voltage is provided to the motor so that their efficiency is not harmed and the motor can run in the best conditions as depicted in figure 15. ...
Motors are the main part of the drivetrain of electric vehicles (EVs) as they transfer the power of batteries to the axle and tires. Therefore, the performance of batteries is a great concern as loss of energy, or lower torque/speed can cause a negative impact on the performance of EVs. In this regard, this study aimed to study different motors that are used in EVs. These motors include DC motors (brushed and brushless), permanent magnet motor motors(BLDCs), switched reluctance motors (SRMs), induction motors(IMs), and outer rotor motors. This study has performed a rigorous review of past literature to examine different factors (speed, torque, efficiency, flux linkage) that affect the performance of motors in EVs. The results of the study have found that SRMs are the most efficient and reliable motors for use in EVs as they can perform in different conditions and offer benefits of low cost and high efficiency. The study has noted the performance rating of SRM to be the highest (87), while BLDCs, PMSMs, and IMs, showed a performance rating of 75, 85, and 82 out of 100. However, more research is needed in this area to enhance the performance of the motors through the development of a novel motor design to enhance efficiency and reduce cost.
... The stator design with auxiliary slot and varying turns per coil is adopted to suppress the MMF spatial harmonics in [34], whereas the manufacturing process is complicated. To reduce the end-winding length and avoid the parasitic effect of the concentrated winding, the toroidal winding has been proposed for OR-IM in [35]. By locating half of the coil inside the inner stator, the machine volume becomes more compact. ...
With ever-increasing concern of fossil fuel storage and environmental pollution, transportation electrification has recently attracted extensive attention. In conventional propulsion systems, the engine is connected to the wheel through a clutch, reduction gearbox, and mechanical differential. The mechanical transmission inevitably results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. With elimination of the gearbox and transmission component, the direct-drive technique exhibits significant advantages of higher systematic efficiency, more flexible wheel control, and better passenger comfort. This paper aims to provide an overview of automobile direct-drive techniques and recent electrical machine developments for direct-drive propulsion systems. Benefits and limitations of various direct-drive machines are summarized and compared with typical industrial products. Finally, the opportunities, challenges, and future development trends are discussed in related to the research “hot spots”.
... Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi (SEY) kullanılarak makinenin stator ve rotor kayıpları azaltılmıştır [10]. DRAM'da statik dönüştürücü kullanmadan farklı senkron hızlar elde edilebilmesi amacıyla stator yapısında halka sargı kullanılmış ve uygulanabilirliği gösterilmiştir [11]. Stator sargılarıyla ilgili başka bir çalışmada DRAM'larda yüksek tork yoğunluğu sağlayan, sargı uç uzunluğunu kısaltan ve hava aralığındaki harmonik seviyesini düşüren Kesirli Oluklu Konsantre Sargı tekniği önerilmiştir [12]. ...
... çıkış katsayısı Eş. 1, Eş. 2 ve Eş. 9 kullanılarak yeniden düzenlenirse Eş. 11 elde edilir. (11) Paket oranı (λ), paket boyunun kutup adımına oranı ile elde edilir (Eş. 12). ...
Günümüzde gelişen yeni teknolojilerle birlikte asenkron makinelerin kullanım alanları genişlemektedir. Geleneksel asenkron motor kullanım alanlarına ek olarak, elektrikli taşıtlarda, rüzgar türbinlerinde ve hidroelektrik üretimi gibi alanlarda motor ve generatör olarak kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle rüzgar türbinlerinde direct drive generatör olarak kullanılmak üzere, düşük devirli ve yüksek tork değerli dış rotorlu asenkron makine tasarımı amaçlandı. 16 kutuplu, 50 Hz frekanslı, 375 d/d senkron hızlı, 1kW gücünde dış rotorlu asenkron motor tasarımı, optimizasyonu ve elektromanyetik analizi yapıldı. Analizler için altı farklı model geliştirildi. Stator tasarımlarında tek oyuk tipi ve 72 oyuk, rotor tasarımda 59 oyuk ve üç farklı oyuk tipi kullanıldı. Sincap kafesli rotor için bakır ve alüminyum malzeme tercih edildi. Çalışma Ansys Maxwell elektromanyetik paket programı ile gerçekleştirildi. Önce analitik tasarımı yapılan modellerin, Rmxprt-optimetrics modülü ile en yüksek verim hedeflenerek, temel büyüklükleri, hava aralığı ve oyuk ölçüleri optimize edildi. Daha sonra Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile elektromanyetik analizleri yapıldı. Analizler sonunda en yakın örnek olarak IEC 60034-30-1 standardında tanımlanan ve IE2 ve IE3 sınıfına üretilen 1.1 kW gücünde 8 kutuplu iç rotorlu asenkron motorların veriminin üstünde bir verim elde edildi. Bu sonuca göre dış rotorlu, düşük devirli ve yüksek torklu asenkron makine üretilebileceği görüldü.
... There are applications of toroidal winding structures in various types of motors [10][11][12][13][14]. The dynamic analysis of a toroidal winding switched reluctance motor (TSRM) is analyzed [10]. ...
... A novel toroidally wound permanent magnet machine is presented [13]. Meanwhile, the performance of an external rotor induction motor with multipole stator winding is studied in [14]. ...
120° phase belt toroidal winding solid rotor induction motor (120°PBTWSRIM) has advantages of simple structure, short end winding, and high overload capacity, thus it has good development prospects. To study the influence of different structural parameters on 120°PBTWSRIM performance, the 2D finite element model is established, and the electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed. The influence of six structure parameters on the average output torque, power factor, and torque ripple are analyzed, which are slot opening width, slot opening height, slot width, slot height, slot radius, and copper layer thickness. It is found that copper layer thickness has a significant effect on the performance of 120°PBTWSRIM. When the copper layer thickness is 0.5 mm, locked average output torque is increased to 2.784 Nm, locked power factor is increased by 64.6%, and locked torque ripple is reduced by 79.7%. Finally, a prototype of 120°PBTWSRIM is built and experimented, the correctness of performance influence analysis is verified by the comparison of results of the simulation and the experiment.
... Toroidal windings are widely used in various types of motors [15][16][17][18][19]. Reference [15] conducted a dynamic analysis of a toroidal winding switched reluctance motor (TSRM). ...
... Sci. 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 15 Toroidal windings are widely used in various types of motors [15][16][17][18][19]. Reference [15] conducted a dynamic analysis of a toroidal winding switched reluctance motor (TSRM). ...
... Reference [18] presented a novel toroidally wound permanent magnet machine. Meanwhile, a complex study of the performance of an outer rotor induction motor with multipole stator winding was performed in [19]. ...
In this work, a novel solid rotor induction motor with toroidal winding (N-TWSRIM) is proposed and its structure and main structural parameters are given. The operating principle is analyzed in accordance with the movement of the armature magnetic field at different times. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the N-TWSRIM is established based on composite multilayer theory to analyze and calculate motor performance quickly and accurately. Electromagnetic performance, which includes output torque, stator current, and power factor under different slip, is calculated with ECM, and its results are compared with those of the finite element method. A prototype of the N-TWSRIM is built and experimented on to validate the correctness of the operating principle and ECM. Experimental results on stator current and torque are consistent with the finite element and analytical results.
... In [6] a model of a three-phase induction motor was developed it was gotten from the detailed mathematical equation in MATLAB/Simulink and it was used to study the transient execution just as the steady-state response of machine including the consistent moment of inertia and load torque for the outer system. A dynamic generalized approach of digital computer simulation of the three-phase induction machine is a generally relevant technique to propose for simulating a dynamic, non-linear, time-varying physical system. ...
A lot of African countries are underdeveloped owing to the lack of good education. In most African countries the poor economic health is responsible for the lack of proper infrastructure in the education sector. Therefore, the need for alternative means to educate the future generation arises. In Engineering a lot of laboratory work and apparatus are required, whereas only a few Universities can afford this. In Electrical Engineering for instance,” electrical machines” is a very vital topic that requires a lot of laboratory work. The analysis of induction machines is very expensive to experiment on in the lab, and this machine is the most widely used in the industry. This educational gap means that graduates are underequipped and unable to perform optimally in the industry without rigorous training exercise. This study investigates the use of a virtual laboratory (LabVIEW) to model and analyse induction motors with the aim of achieving results that closely conform to the standard characteristics of induction motors. The results obtained confirm that the use of virtual laboratories should be encouraged where finance is a problem as accurate results were obtained from the study.
... Among the different possible options, Induction Motors (IMs) with a copper cage rotor have shown promise in some practical EVs such as Tesla [3]. However, the design of IMs with outer rotors for in-wheel direct driven motors is still a challenging research topic [4]. ...
... (3) The same can be written for the winding set s369, hence (4). ...
In electric drive applications that are based on high-speed Induction Machines (IMs) with an extended speed range, stator winding pole-changing is a possible technique to avoid oversizing the driving motor. The electronic pole changing employed in multiphase IMs has gained recent interest because it avoids physical winding reconfiguration. The effective number of poles of the air gap flux distribution can be electronically altered by simply changing the applied current sequence to a multiphase stator. The main problem associated with this technique is the significant increase in machine magnetising
current with the increase in effective pole number when traditional multiphase distributed windings are employed. This paper proposes a new fractional slot concentrated winding layout with a special stator connection suitable for poleamplitude modulated IMs that offers a 2:1 pole ratio while maintaining equal magnetising current for both winding polepairs. Moreover, constant power operation can be achieved for a speed range of over 4 pu. The main concept is discussed and verified through simulations and experimentally. The machine mathematical model and the required vector space decomposition-based controller are also presented.
... The outer rotor electric machines became very popular and attractive as well, mainly for in-wheel propulsion of either regular or lightweight electric vehicles or directly-coupled wind turbines [1][2][3]. There are certain advantages, which cannot be denied, related to constructive and technological features [4][5][6], but to higher performance (mainly concerning the developed output torque) as well. ...
This paper deals with the study of fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous machine, under 9 slots/10 poles structure, with outer rotor. It reports some results obtained by means of FEM-based simulation, which have as main goal the improvement of output characteristics. More specific, the inner diameter of the rotor and the stator shoe shape are modified. The analysis takes into consideration both motoring and generating duty and refer mainly to cogging torque and back emf.
