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![Stands of Erigeron annuus growing in human-made habitats. (Photographs by Z. Pacanoski.) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]](profile/Zvonko-Pacanoski-2/publication/313883873/figure/fig1/AS:895816495538177@1590590704637/Stands-of-Erigeron-annuus-growing-in-human-made-habitats-Photographs-by-Z-Pacanoski.png)
Stands of Erigeron annuus growing in human-made habitats. (Photographs by Z. Pacanoski.) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Source publication
Detailed surveys of populations of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., an invasive plant species native to Eastern North America, were made in three locations in north‐western, northern and eastern parts of the Republic of Macedonia. The population densities were not quantified, but several stands of different sizes were found. A rapid ecological risk asse...
Context in source publication
Citations
... Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. is native to North and Central America. It is common in most of the studied area and is widespread along roads, wastelands, on cultivated soils, etc. [6,7,28]. Helianthus tuberosus L., native to North America, is widespread on Vardar river banks, including its source area to the Lower Polog, on waste places, along roads, especially on the right side of the highway, near Gostivar [6,7]. ...
This paper presents the invasive alien plant species in the Polog region, North Macedonia. As a result of the floristic research of this area, during the period 2021-2023 and based on the preliminary data of local and foreign botanists, 12 invasive alien plant species have been found, 7 of which belong to the Asteraceae family, while the other species belong to the following families: Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae and Poaceae. Excepting the species Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., native to northeast Africa (and, probably, western and central Asia), all the other invasive plant species identified in the study region are of American origin (North, Central and South America). The alien invasive species identified in the Polog region belong to three life forms, where Therophytes (T) predominate (66.66%) among the identified species, while Geophytes (G) and Phanerophytes (P) represent only 16.67% each.
... Other species that demonstrated high cover in both the F and R zones were A. indica and E. annuus, which were generally distributed across Doriseom Island. Artemisia indica and E. annuus are typical pioneer species, dominating areas shortly after a disturbance (Pacanoski 2017). This pattern suggests that Doriseom Island frequently experiences disturbances such as periodic flooding and human visits. ...
Eremias argus , known as the Mongolian racerunner, is a reptile that has been designated as a level II endangered species in South Korea since 2005 despite being listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Particular vegetation and soil characteristics are critical components of the habitat of E. argus , which is an ectotherm. However, research on the environmental characteristics of E. argus living on a fluvial island is lacking. This study sought to characterize the soil environmental factors and vegetation composition of E. argus habitats on Doriseom Island, South Korea by dividing the island into an area in which E. argus occurred frequently (F zone) and an area in which E. argus occurred rarely (R zone). Both soil hardness and cobble cover were significantly higher in the R zone (soil hardness: 1.6 ± 0.2 kg‧cm ⁻² , mean ± standard error; cobble cover: 40 ± 5%) than in the F zone (soil hardness: 0.9 ± 0.1 kg‧cm ⁻² ; cobble cover: 18 ± 3%). Plant litter cover did not differ significantly based on E. argus occurrence. The vegetation composition within F and R zones appeared distinct, though Coreopsis lanceolata dominated both zones. A sand dune sedge, Carex pumila , thrived in F zone sites, where soil hardness was low, while the endemic Aster danyangensis , which prefers cobble areas, was found largely in the R zone. In conclusion, E. argus was most commonly found in areas with low soil hardness dominated by dune vegetation. Understanding endangered species’ habitat requirements can provide important clues for establishing conservation plans and restoration measures.
... Thus far, the current distributions of these two weeds were far from saturated in their suitable habitats, and appropriate quarantine control measures should be taken. Since both weeds are highly prolific in terms of seed production and rely on wind-borne spread, it is advisable to eradicate them before flowering (Zhang, 2011a;Pacanoski, 2017). ...
Introduction
Erigeron philadelphicus and Erigeron annuus are two ecologically destructive invasive plants from the Asteraceae family. Predicting the potential distribution pattern of two invasive alien Erigeron weeds can provide a scientific basis for prevent the further spread of these two weeds in China under climate change.
Methods
Based on historical occurrence datasets and environmental variables, we optimized a MaxEnt model to predict the potential suitable habitats of E. philadelphicus and E. annuus. We also analyzed the shifts of distribution centroids and patterns under climate change scenarios.
Results
The key variables that affect the potential geographical distribution of E. annuus and E. philadelphicus, respectively, are temperature seasonality and precipitation of the driest month. Moreover, topsoil sodicity and topsoil salinity also influence the distribution of E. philadelphicus. Under climate change, the overall suitable habitats for both invasive alien Erigeron weeds are expected to expand. The potential geographical distribution of E. annuus exhibited the highest expansion under the SSP245 climate scenario (medium forcing scenarios), whereas E. philadelphicus had the highest expansion under the SSP126 climate scenario (lower forcing scenarios) globally. The future centroid of E. annuus is projected to shift to higher latitudes specifically from Hubei to Hebei, whereas E. philadelphicus remains concentrated primarily in Hubei Province. The overlapping suitable areas of the two invasive alien Erigeron plants mainly occur in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, and Chongqing, within China.
Discussion
Climate change will enable E. annuus to expand into northeastern region and invade Yunnan Province whereas E. philadelphicus was historically the only suitable species. E. annuus demonstrates a greater potential for invasion and expansion under climate change, as it exhibits higher environmental tolerance. The predictive results obtained in this study can serve as a valuable reference for early warning systems and management strategies aimed at controlling the spread of these two invasive plants.
... Both species are widespread in many ecosystem types on the mineral material of post-coal mine heap sites. This is because both E. canadensis and E. annuus plants produce 10 000-50 000 seeds annually that are wind-dispersed over long distances (Stratton 1989;Dauer et al. 2007;Pacanoski 2017). However, as ruderal species, they are more frequent in the initial phases of heap succession. ...
Biological invasions are one of the major challenges to the restoration of post-mining sites. Most post-mining sites are under technical reclamation with only a few left to spontaneous vegetation processes.Therefore, we know little about alien plant species on spontaneously-vegetated post-coal mine heaps and how native community characteristics predict their establishment. To fill the knowledge gap, we aimed to determine the drivers of alien species colonisation on post-coal mine heaps. Specifically, we asked: (i) Which alien species are the most successful on post-coal mine heaps and why? (ii) What are the drivers of alien species richness and cover, and how are they affected by the native community? (iii) What does it mean for predicting threats from alien species and management? We recorded vascular plant species and their abundance across 400 plots on post-coal mine heaps in Upper Silesia, Poland. We calculated plant community taxonomic and functional characteristics and, using mixed-effects models, we estimated predictors of alien species richness and cover. We found 65 alien species on post-coal mine heaps, comprising 20.4% of all recorded species, including 36 neophytes and 29 archaeophytes. Amongst them – Erigeroncanadensis, Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis, Erigeron annuus and Impatiens parviflora - were the most frequent on the studied heaps. We showed that native functional richness significantly predicts alien species richness and cover. Similarly, native community-weighted mean (CWM) seed mass and plant height predict alien species cover. However, CWM of specific leaf area for native species marginally predicts alien species richness. We showed that alien species cover decreases with native species cover. Our findings revealed the ecological significance of niche-filling and the biotic acceptance hypotheses on post-coal mine heaps. We demonstrated how exploring native community characteristics can help in understanding the invasibility and management of post-industrial vegetation.
... One of the most frequently found and identified as highly invasive is Canadian goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L., which occurs in a wide variety of habitats, including the verges of main roads, along railway tracks and verges, arable lands and even gardens, parks and cemeteries (Anastasiu and Negrean, 2005). Although weed control strategies exists in European countries, including mulching, tilling and burning as well as chemical control and crop management approaches, i.e., crop rotation (Uchino et al., 2012;Mabuza et al., 2013), the areas encroached upon by this plant in Central Europe are generally increasing (Tunaitienė et al., 2015;Pacanoski, 2017). ...
In the present study, field surveys were conducted to detect potential associational susceptibility of crop plants (potato, alfalfa and maize) caused by Canadian goldenrod, Solidago canadensis (L.), one of the most common invasive weeds in Central and Eastern Europe, via plant associated virus vectoring aphids. Assessments were made in two major agricultural land types: crops grown under high input vs. low-input (LIF) conditions, with and without fertilizers and pesticides. The two most frequent aphid species, found both on Canadian goldenrod and crop plants, were the leaf-curling plum aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach and the glasshouse-potato aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach). Plant viruses in both weed and crop plants were identified using high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs. Peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity was tested in weed and crop plants to connect aphids feeding processes in weeds and crops. In addition, conceptual modeling was used to detect direct relationships between viruses and other crops. The Canadian goldenrod density was only relevant in the LIF regime. Furthermore, its association with B. helichrysi and associational susceptibility was detected only in LIF. In total, 18 viruses comprising 17 plant and one insect virus were detected in Canadian goldenrod, of which 11 were also detected in potato and alfalfa crops. POD activity was high and correlated with high aphid density in both weed and crop plants, suggesting a direct associational susceptibility between these plants through aphid infestation and viral transmission.
... Stems reached heights of 60-166 cm, which is similar to previous reports from the literature. Croatian flora [7] for this species states that the stem height ranges between 30-150 cm, Flora Europaea [15] between 80-150 cm, and Flora of North America [40] between 10-150 cm, while its height in Macedonia is between 30-150 cm [41]. ...
Alongside the direct destruction of natural habitats and changes in land use, invasive species are considered one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. is among the most widespread invasive plants in Croatia. Invasions of E. annuus may be aided by morphological variability, which this study investigates. The variability of life traits (stem height, fresh and dry leaf mass, length, width and leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) was examined among 18 locations throughout Zagreb and Medvednica Mt. Overall, 87 plant specimens and 435 leaves were measured and analysed using univariate and multivariate statistics. Viable populations were recorded in diverse habitat types, mostly with marked human impact. We determined Grime’s CR plant life strategies for all, except for two localities with C/CR plant strategies. Two populations with a more pronounced competitive strategy had high leaf dry matter content, with smaller leaves and medium height stems. Significant differences between the localities were found, with the specific leaf area (SLA) and plant height being the most diverse. Despite its high morphological variability, daisy fleabane had a consistent CSR strategy, which likely enables its widespread invasions across variable habitats.
... More importantly, the species is on the 150 most widespread weed list in Europe. Besides, the plant is one of the most dangerous species in Serbia, Hungary, and Slovakia with rapid development and phenotypic flexibility of the species (Pacanoski, 2017). Furthermore, E. annuus is a lead accumulator (Bi et al., 2005) and might be the other reason for the invasive trait of the plant. ...
Erigeron annuus Pers. is a harmful invasive species to natural flora, although it is used in the treatment of indigestion, hepatitis, enteritis, and hematuria in traditional medicine. In this study, E. annuus samples were investigated in terms of total phenolic content, antioxidant activities and invasive features. Aerial parts of E. annuus were collected from Ayder-Çamlıhemşin (Rize), Pazar (Rize), and Trabzon (Turkey). Total phenolic contents, free radical scavenging characteristics against 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,20-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (ABTS) were analyzed and compared with the collected localities.
The invasive feature helps E. annuus to adapt everywhere. However, invasion of the plant is not an issue for medicinal applications except the collecting place of the plant. E. annuus is a lead accumulator, and the plant is seen on roadsides. Thus, the collecting region of the species should be chosen carefully to not obtain the side effects of heavy metals.
... mulching, tilling, burning) and chemical and other control (e.g. use of high quality seeds, crop rotation, herbicide application) (Chitsaz and Nelson, 1983;Rand and Louda, 2004;Uchino et al., 2012;Mabuza et al., 2013), the net areas covered by invasive weed species continues to increase in Central European regions (Tunaitienė et al., 2015;Pacanoski, 2017). ...
... These species are known to grow in a diverse range of habitats and are considered important weeds in Europe, causing substantial crop losses following colonisation of new areas (Anastasiu and Negrean, 2005). Erigeron annua is often a dominant species within invasive weed communities, and has been reported from almost all European countries, its expansion increasing over recent years (Edwards et al., 2006;Tunaitienė et al., 2015;Pacanoski, 2017). Erigeron canadensis is an annual plant native throughout most of North and Central America. ...
In the present study, we conducted field surveys to detect the population density of the most important invasive weed species and their associated virus vectoring aphids in crops grown under high input field (HIF) vs. low-input field (LIF) conditions, with and without fertilizers and pesticides. The most frequent invasive weed species were annual fleabane, Erigeron annua (L.), Canadian horseweed, Erigeron canadensis (L.) and Canadian goldenrod, Solidago canadensis (L.). These species were predominantly hosts of the aphids Brachycaudus helichrysi and Aulacorthum solani under both management systems. The 13% higher coverage of E. annua under LIF conditions resulted in a 30% higher B. helichrysi abundance and ∼85% higher A. solani abundance compared with HIF conditions. To reveal the incidence of virus infection in crop plants and invasive weeds, high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs was performed. Bioinformatics analysis combined with independent validation methods revealed the presence of six viruses, but with strikingly different patterns under LIF and HIF conditions. Their presence without symptoms in invasive weeds and crop plants supports the necessity of employing new approaches to those currently employed in invasive weed management. These findings also suggest that invasive weeds could serve as hosts for local aphid species and reservoirs for plant pathogenic viruses, both under low and high input management systems. In this light, as here demonstrated, viruses transmitted by local aphid species were found to differ between the management systems; hence, the importance of B. helichrysi and A. solani as virus vectors in particular clearly needs to be re-evaluated. Altogether, we accept that the present study is a pilot one and individual virus vectoring of aphids still needs to be directly tested. Even so, it represents one of the first contributions to this particular area, and thereby paves the way for further similar applied research in the future.
... Erigeron annuus), neophyte originating from North America and exported to Europe (and Slovakia) for ornamental purposes. Because of its tolerance to wide environmental conditions and production of a large number of seeds, the species began to spread rapidly into many European countries (Weber, Gut 2004;Becker et al. 2005;Trtikova et al. 2011;Pyšek et al. 2012;Pacanoski, Saliji 2015). Stenactis annua spreads widely also in Slovakia, mainly in warmer parts of the country, but it can be found also in the north of Slovakia (Jarolímek et al. 1997;Medvecká et al. 2009). ...
Phytosociological research of stands of Stenactis annua, an invasive neophyte native to eastern North America, was made in the area of Bratislava city. Based on the analysis of recorded relevés, the stands belong to Erigeron annuus community [Dauco-Melilotion] from class Artemisietea vulgaris. We present phytosociological relevés and inform about floristic composition and distribution of the community in Bratislava.
... In the last 25 years, 435 alien weed species from 82 families have been reported from Central Europe (Anastasiu and Negrean 2005). Although weed management strategies involve different methods, including physical (mulching, tilling, burning), chemical and cultural control (high quality seeds, rotate crop, species, herbicide) (Chitsaz and Nelson 1983;Rand and Louda 2004;Uchino et al. 2012;Mabuza et al. 2013), the areas covered by invasive weed species are still increasing (Tunaitienė et al. 2015;Pacanoski 2017). Another important factor that is rarely considered is the effect of these invasive weeds on local sap-feeding pest insect populations such as aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) and the influence of the invasive weeds on neighbouring crop plants via aphids (through damage and virus transmission). ...
... These species are known to use a diverse range of habitats and are considered economically important weeds in Europe (Anastasiu and Negrean 2005). Stenactis annua is often a dominant species within the invasive weed communities, and has been reported from almost all European countries, its expansion showing an increase (Edwards et al. 2006;Tunaitienė et al. 2015;Pacanoski 2017). Erigeon canadensis is an annual plant native throughout most of North and Central America. ...
We conducted field surveys to detect the population density of the most important invasive weed species and their associated virus vectoring aphids in crops grown under high input field (HIF) vs low-input field (LIF) conditions, with and without fertilizers and pesticides. The most frequent invasive weed species were Stenactisannua , Erigeroncanadensis and Solidagocanadensis . These species were hosts predominantly for the aphids Brachycaudushelichrysi and Aulacorthumsolani in both management systems. The 13% higher coverage of S.annua under LIF conditions resulted in a 30% higher B.helichrysi abundance and ~85% higher A.solani abundance compared with HIF conditions. Host plant quality was assessed by measuring peroxidase enzyme activity. There was a significantly increased POD activity at 10 μmol min ⁻¹ mg protein ⁻¹ unit in S.annua under LIF conditions, suggesting a higher stress by aphids under this management regime. The high colonization intensity of B.helichrysi on maize, potato and alfalfa crops were detected from both S.annua and E.canadensis . We conclude that new and faster methods need to be used to prevent colonization of such virus vectoring aphids and their host plants, even under low input regimes.
