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Standard strains of Malassezia sp. aM. furfurbM. restrictacM. globosadM. sympodialis. Cultures were procured from Royal Netherlands Academy (Netherland) and grown in Modified Leming and Notman Agar (MLNA) and were visualized microscopically (a to d) e Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Mala s1 allergen producing Malassezia sympodialis (Magnification 20,000X, Pressure 0.976 Torr, WD 11.8 mm)
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Background
Malassezia commensal yeasts along with multitude of antigens have been found to be associated with various skin disorders including Pityriasis versicolor (PV). Amongst them Mala s1, a 37 kDa protein has been proved to be a major allergen reacting with a large panel of sera. However, there exists no therapeutic alternative to combat such...
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Citations
... In this work, both agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays were used to investigate the M. globosa growth inhibition activity, while many previous works have used only a single assay [54][55][56][57]. There are many factors that might affect the sensitivity of a given antimicrobial method, such as species and strain, inoculum size, culture medium type, interactions between the components and solvent or diluent, formation of emulsion, time, and condition of incubation [58]. ...
Malassezia globosa, a lipophilic pathogen, is known to be involved in various chronic skin diseases. Unfortunately, the available treatments have unwanted side effects and microbial drug resistance is evolving. As the antimicrobial activity of propolis is outstanding, this study aimed to examine the potential of propolis from the stingless bee Geniotrigona thoracica against the yeast. Anti-M. globosa growth activity was ascertained in agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays and the inhibitory concentration value at 50 % (IC50) was determined. Since the yeast cannot synthesize its own fatty acids, extracellular lipase is important for its survival. Here, anti-M. globosa extracellular lipase activity was additionally investigated by colorimetric and agar-based methods. Compared to the crude hexane and crude dichloromethane extracts, the crude methanol partitioned extract (CMPE) exhibited the best anti-M. globosa growth activity with an IC50 of 1.22 mg/mL. After CMPE was further enriched by silica gel column chromatography, fraction CMPE1 (IC50 of 0.98 mM or 184.93 μg/mL) presented the highest activity and was later identified as methyl gallate (MG) by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Subsequently, MG was successfully synthesized and shown to have a similar activity, and a minimal fungicidal concentration of 43.44 mM or 8.00 mg/mL. However, lipase assay analysis suggested that extracellular lipase might not be the main target mechanism of MG. This is the first report of MG as a new anti-Malassezia compound. It could be a good candidate for further developing alternative therapeutic agents.
... Nyctanthes is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia It is used for different therapeutic purposes, viz., anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, laxative and sedative effect. 12 Averrhoa carambola belongs to the family Oxalidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia. ...
... The plants are as follows: A. carambola, C. longa, N. arbor-tristis and Z. officinale. [12][13][14][15][16] β-Sitosterol and calceolarioside A are constituents of N. arbor-tristis, 2-dodecyl-6methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione is the constituent of Averrhoa carambola L., 2-nonanol, α-phellandrene, α-terpineol, α-zingiberene, (e)-αfarnesene, α-turmerone (e)-β-farnesene β-pinene, βelemene, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, Arcurcumene, ar-turmerone, bisabolone , citronellal, limonene, eucalyptol, terpinolene, cis-α-bergamotene, trans-α-bergamotene, terpinene-4-ol, γ-elemene, αterpineol, α-zingiberene, (e)-α-farnesene, geraniol, bisabolone, germacrone, gurlone, curcuminoid D are constituents of both C. longa L. and Z. officinale. Alongside this, C. longa also contains eucalyptol. ...
In Bangladesh, the incidence and death rate of patients suffering from dengue infection are escalating. To date, there is no effective antiviral against dengue virus. Treatment regimen mostly includes symptomatic management of the disease. In this study, we performed molecular docking with 36 phytochemicals extracted from Bangladeshi medicinal plants namely Averrhoa carambola L., Curcuma longa L., Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and Zingiber officinale against dengue virus non-structural protein 2/non-structural protein 3 (NS2/NS3) chimera. The NS2/NS3 complex functions simultaneously as helicase/protease and/or RNA-tri-phosphatase. The compounds calceolarioside A, ᵞ-elemene, β-sitosterol, β-elemene and curcuminoid-D exhibited high binding affinity (ranging from -8.3 to -7.2 kJ/mol) towards the selected protein and their drug-likeness was confirmed via ADMET analysis. Hence, these compounds have the potential to inhibit viral replication as indicated by computational calculation. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies can be undertaken to confirm such inhibitory properties of the reported phytochemicals. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(3): 417-426, 2022 (June) Centennial Special Issue
... More recently, it was reported that calceolarioside A induced moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus NRRLB 3711 [16], antifungal activity against Malassenzia spp. [17], and collagenase inhibitory activity [18] and putative anti-viral activity against COVID-19 from docking and molecular dynamics simulation data [19]. ...
Phenylpropanoid glycosides are a class of natural substances of plant origin with interesting biological activities and pharmacological properties. This study reports the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of calceolarioside A, a phenylpropanoid glycoside previously isolated from various Calceolaria species. In models of acute nociception induced by thermal stimuli, such as the hot plate and tail flick test, calceolarioside administered at doses of 1, 5, and 10 μg in the left cerebral ventricles did not modify the behavioral response of mice. In an inflammatory based persistent pain model as the formalin test, calceolarioside A at the high dose tested (100 μg/paw) reduced the licking activity induced by formalin by 35% in the first phase and by 75% in the second phase of the test. In carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia, calceolarioside A (50 and 100 μg/paw) was able to significantly reverse thermal hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory activity of calceolarioside A was then assessed using the zymosan-induced paw edema model. Calceolarioside A (50 and 100 μg/paw) induced a significant reduction in the edema from 1 to 4 h after zymosan administration. Measuring IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines released from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, calceolarioside A in a concentration-dependent manner reduced the release of these cytokines from THP-1 cells. Taken together, our results highlight, for the first time, the potential and selective anti-inflammatory properties of this natural-derived compound, prompting its rationale use for further investigations.
... Compounds such as ZINC85530919, ZINC95914464 reported inhibitory activity for M. restricta lipase (Mrlip1) [49]. β-sitosterol and calceolarioside A inhibits Mala s1 of Malassezia [50]. β-Sitosterol does not inhibit cytochromes P450 (CYP) enzyme and is also unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ...
Malassezia globosa LIP1 (SMG1) lipase plays a crucial role in the pathogenicity of M. globosa in dandruff sufferers. In this study, GC-MS analysis of selected medicinal plants was done, and antifungal activity of these identified phytochemicals was checked by molecular docking method against Malassezia globosa LIP1 (SMG1) lipase using AutoDock 4.0. SwissADME tool was used to analyze the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) of phytoligands. GC-MS showed various phytoconstituents in the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, including glabridin, 2-propenal, 3-phenyl-eugenol, 4'-O-methylglabridin, hispaglabridin A, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, stigmasta-5,3-dien-7-one, glabrol. Punica granatum extract contains hydroxymethylfurfural, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 4h-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, 1,2,3-benzenetriol, d-glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro-as the major compounds. Among one hundred thirty screened compounds, twenty-one followed Lipinski's rule of five and were nontoxic in nature. Docking results reveal that among all, β-sitosterol, stigmatsa-5,3-dien-7-one, glabrol and 22,23-dibromostigmast-5-en-3-yl acetate (DBSA) showed the highest binding affinity with SMG1 i.e.-6.29 kcal/mol,-6.50 kcal/mol,-10.12 kcal/mol and-11.04 kcal/mol respectively as compared to standard inhibitor RHC 80267 (-5.83 kcal/mol). From the results, we conclude that the lead compounds may be used as potential anti-dandruff agents. Plant-based anti-dandruff products are eco-friendly and considered a safe alternative due to their less or negligible side effects.
... Finally, the cell viability values were calculated as previously described (18). IC 50 values were obtained from the cytotoxicity curves using Softmax Pro 5 Software (19). ...
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. By the time liver cancer is diagnosed, it is already in the advanced stage. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies need to be identified to improve the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. In the present study, the profiles of GSE84402, GSE19665 and GSE121248 were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses for DEGs were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction network was established to screen the hub genes associated with liver cancer. Additionally, the expression levels of hub genes were validated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Oncomine databases. In addition, the prognostic value of hub genes in patients with liver cancer was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter. It was demonstrated that 132 and 246 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in patients with liver cancer. Among these DEGs, 10 hub genes with high connected node values were identified, which were AURKA, BIRC5, BUB1B, CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, CDK1, DLGAP5 and MAD2L1. CDK1 and CCNB1 had the most connection nodes and the highest score and were therefore, the most significantly expressed. In addition, it was demonstrated that high expression levels of CDK1 and CCNB1 were associated with poor overall survival time of patients with liver cancer. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, which is derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua Linn. DHA inhibits cell proliferation in numerous cancer types, including liver cancer. In our previous study, it was revealed that DHA inhibited the proliferation of HepG2215 cells. In the present study, it was further demonstrated that DHA reduced the expression levels of CDK1 and CCNB1 in liver cancer. Overall, CDK1 and CCNB1 were the potential therapeutic targets of liver cancer, and DHA reduced the expression levels of CDK1 and CCNB1, and inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells.
... Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disorder of pilosebaceous unit of skin epithelium and is caused an anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermis and Malassezia furfur. In the past researches, we have already proved that botanicals can be an effective alternative to synthetic or chemical drugs for effective cure of acne and similar topical disorders[25,26,27]. Similar studies conducted on extracts of H. indicus[28,29], had shown MIC in range of 0.051mg/ml and 1.25mg/ml against bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermis. ...
The medicinal and pharmacological aspects of plants are one such asset to the human race right through the evolution. The plants which are nutritionally rich and also loaded with some additional values like antioxidants, vitamins, proteins or some specific secondary metabolites are categorized as nutraceuticals plants. Ethanomedicinal usage of plants is not only limited to the knowledge of medicinal and aromatic plants but has been stretched to the exploration in the fungal world especially the lichens. India being a mega biodiversity country has enormous potential in this field of traditional medicines. Primitive societies were dependent on herbal remedies for the treatment and disorders since time immemorial. Either it may the use of herbal kadha (tea/ decoction/extract) or may be use of spices oils in the steam inhalation during the ongoing Corona pandemic, world has perceived the potential of Indian Ayurvedic system in the safe treatment of tough body illness through minimal usage of chemical drugs. Novel approaches like phytochemical estimation and green synthesis of nanoparticles through reducing chemistry has opened a new channel for herbal drug analysis. Hemidesmus indicus in Southern Indian medicinal flora with all forms of medicinal plants having variety of biological activities has been amongst the most used herb in form nutraceuticals.
... The proposed mechanism of action of Cassia fistula seeds extract on C. albicans revealed that the extract exerts an effect on cell membrane and initiate their disruption, resulting in damage to yeast cells [191]. Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaves extract affected M. restricta cell membrane [192]. Lafoensia pacari stem-bark extract and their main component ellagic acid probably exert an impact on the Candida spp. ...
The skin is an important organ that acts as a physical barrier to the outer environment. It is rich in immune cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, mast cells, and T cells, which provide the first line of defense mechanisms against numerous pathogens by activating both the innate and adaptive response. Cutaneous immunological processes may be stimulated or suppressed by numerous plant extracts via their immunomodulatory properties. Several plants are rich in bioactive molecules; many of these exert antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. The present study describes the impact of plant extracts on the modulation of skin immunity, and their antimicrobial effects against selected skin invaders. Plant products remain valuable counterparts to modern pharmaceuticals and may be used to alleviate numerous skin disorders, including infected wounds, herpes, and tineas.
... Malassezia species can interact with immune system cells and receptors, i.e. antigen-presenting dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and pattern recognition receptors, resulting in host sensitization, T-cell activation, and IgE production. Extract of Malassezia cells have different IgE-binding proteins (Mishra et al., 2016). To date, a list of pan-allergen family has been identified from some fungi including Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Malassezia (Fukutomi and Taniguchi, 2015). ...
... Also in silicon validation and molecular modeling studies establishes Mala s1 as a novel allergen that could be a potential target in disease treatment. Our results would also provide a foundation for the development of new therapeutic approach using NAT extract as lead compound with high antioxidant property as an added trait for skin care (Mishra et al., 2016). ...
... Most of the remedies were used in decoction form. Findings of this study provide a lead to explore traditional plants for malaria preventive potential through further preclinical and clinical studies (Nagendrappa et al., 2013). ...
... could directly stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in human epidermal keratinocytes [8,15]. Mishra et al. reported that this host immune activation is also characterized by the stimulation of T-cell reactivity and IgE production [16]. A peculiar aspect of Malassezia spp. is its reproduction occurring by monopolar or unipolar budding. ...
... In addition, some authors screened in silico through molecular simulations two phytocomponents (β-Sitosterol and Calceolarioside A, Fig. 11) showing a potent ability to bind to Mala s 1 [16]. ...
Malassezia spp. are lipophilic yeasts not only present in the normal skin microflora, but also responsible of skin-related diseases (pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic/atopic dermatitis and dandruff) as well as systemic fungal infections in humans and animals. Their treatment and eradication are mainly based on old azole drugs, which are characterized by poor compliance, unpredictable clinical efficacy, emerging resistance and several side effects. These drawbacks have prompted the research toward novel synthetic and natural derivatives/nanomaterials targeting other pivotal enzymes/pathways such as carbonic anhydrase (MgCA) and lipases, alone or in combination, in order to improve the eradication rate of this fungus. This review accomplished an update on this important topic dealing with the latest discoveries of synthetic scaffolds and natural products for the treatment of Malassezia spp.-related diseases, thus suggesting new opportunities to design innovative and alternative anti-dandruff drugs.
