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Standard glazing types with their corresponding breakage patterns (laminated with PVB) and 5%-fractile characteristic tensile bending stress values (with 95% probability level)
Source publication
Contemporary architecture has an increasing demand for transparent building elements such as
facades or roof structures, predominantly as steel and glass constructions. While materials such as
steel, stainless steel or aluminium have been well studied in the past, relatively little is known about
glass, its properties, connections and design in mod...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... products may be divided into three different basic types with regard to their strengths and fracture patterns according to Figure 5. Annealed glass often does not give sufficient strength for modern applications. ...
Context 2
... self-weight is taken by plastic setting blocks or by epdm/silicone layers with hardness 60 to 80 Shore A, separating the glazing from the frame. For the loading perpendicular to the panel, different fixing possibilities exist, see Figure 15 [8]. These are described in the following in more detail. ...
Context 3
... supported glazing is usually framed, where its self-weight is transferred through support pads either side at the horizontal bottom glass edge ( Figure 15). The frame size is larger than the glass pane, such that production tolerances as well as temperature movements can be taken without any in-plane constraint. ...
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Citations
... Laminated glass, see [1], is a composite material, which consists of a solid glass plates (float, toughened, tempered glass or their combination) and interlayers made of polymers (mostly the polyvinyl butyral, which will be also considered in the following text) or cast resins. The interlayer has primarily the safety function, it improves the post-breakage behaviour of the glass elements. ...
... describing purely elastic response, remind Equation (1). We see that in this limit the parameter ξ is equal to the modulus of elasticity E and the behaviour of the springpot corresponds to the behaviour of an elastic element. ...
Fractional calculus, i.e. the theory of derivatives and integrals of non-integer order, can be efficiently used for the theoretical modelling of viscoelastic materials. Our research is focused on the polyvinyl butyral which is used as an interlayer for the laminated glass. Polyvinyl butyral can be classified as a viscoelastic material and the introduction of the fractional viscoelasticity seems to be appropriate tool for its description. This paper briefly introduces the springpot element and its connection into more complex theoretical models. We mainly consider the generalized Maxwell model in its standard and fractional form and show their application by fitting the data obtained by experimental analysis.
... Glass panels critical load carrying capacity was determined for of glass panels designed in different thickness [5]. In generally, however, bolted connections are used connection type in glazing system [6,7]. Bolted connections called as point supported concept [8] which usually require small metal components to be mechanically attached to holes in glass are commonly used a connection type in glazing systems. ...
... Tab. 9: Elastic PVB interlayer shear modulus G under different load durations and temperatures [12]. ...
... It is a significant aspect of structure and informs services design through its capacity to influence energy use. Whitby Bird & Partners Façade Engineering group supplies all the engineering and architectural skills needed for the design and installation of high value facades [5,6]. The above examples show how modern glazing might be used structurally in addition to its classical benefit of transparency and insulation. ...
Title: Temperature values inside aluminium profiles of glazed partition walls under standard fire conditions.
Abstract: This paper presents and discusses the results of temperature measurements inside the profiles of aluminium glazed partition walls during fire resistance tests.
Partition walls are usually lightweight internal walls made of plasterboard or sandwich panels, but they can also be glazed walls, including those of aluminium construction, which are the subject of this article. Such structures play a key role in meeting the fire safety requirements of buildings. They separate an entire floor of a building into individual rooms and are therefore often required to meet an appropriate fire resistance class, which is verified experimentally. In typical fire resistance tests, attention is paid to what happens on the unheated surface of the specimen, whereas this article presents the results of measurements carried out inside the specimen. For this purpose, six fire resistance tests of aluminium glazed partition walls of different heights (from 3 to 6 m) were carried out over the years. The main objective of the tests was to verify the influence of the wall height on its fire resistance, and one of the parameters tested, extensively discussed in this article, was the temperature inside the mullion profiles.
This article presents the results of an analysis of the temperature rise inside the profiles of aluminium glazed partition walls during fire resistance tests.
The paper presents a study made on the stress–strain state of mullion-transom glass facade under the action of uniformly distributed load simulating wind impact. Structural systems with various parameters were modeled and analyzed in Finite Element software package. Obtained results were compared with experimental investigation performed on full-size fragments of facade system. Dependencies allowed to evaluate the influence of changing parameters on the results and select the calculation scheme which reveals the operation of facade system in a more accurate way. The filling’s contribution to overall stiffness was described. The methods for determination of the joint stiffness of the connection between adjacent transoms and for analytical calculation of inner efforts and deflections were developed.KeywordsGlassFacadeMullion-transomHingeMulti-span beam
The actual class of fire resistance of glazed partitions can only be determined according to a test, which meets the normative requirements. The test standards in this field determine the minimum dimensions of the test specimens (2800 × 3000 mm, width × height, in the clear opening of the furnace), on which the test should be carried out. The testing of elements with the minimum dimensions allowed by the test standard, assess the fire resistance of components with slightly larger dimensions. This, however, does not solve the real problem, which is the use of glazed partitions with fire resistance, significantly exceeding the dimensions of the sample walls verified by the tests. The aim of the research described in this article was to verify the influence of the height of glazed partitions on their fire resistance. The results of six tests of partitions with different height (from 3 up to 6 m) and the same width (3 m), made on the basis of the same glazing and the same aluminium profiles have been compared. During the fire resistance tests, the performance criteria of integrity and insulation were verified. Additionally, the deflection of the partition was measured in specific places by means of laser and draw wire sensors. Based on the presented test results, it can be argued that the height of the partition does not have a significant impact on its insulation and integrity, provided that the size of the glass panes is not increased along with the wall height, that the structure of the element is symmetrical in relation to the central vertical axis and, most importantly, that the mullions are properly stiffened.
Wood and wood-based materials are combustible materials. This does not mean, however, that in the event of a fire, the elements made of these materials pose a threat. Separate the flammability from the spread of fire and fire resistance. Contrary to appearances, doors made of wood and wood-based composites obtain good results in the field of fire resistance and constitute an effective barrier for the spread of fire to neighbouring fire zones.
Currently, windows and glass facades are increasingly being used as a building envelope. These are elements that are functional and aesthetic, but there is a need to focus on their safety. Windows as a part of protection system are one of the most vulnerable assets, so they need to be addressed. The paper is focused on the experimental investigation of two types of windows that are commonly used in buildings. The subjects of the interests are wooden frame windows and PVC frame windows. In the experiment, burglar resistance was investigate, carried out by dynamic tests with different weights of steel balls dropped from various heights. Results of the experimental measurement pointed to the limit energy glass panels were broken. Windows with safety film were also tested. The measured results were further evaluated.
