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This study investigated the immunological adjuvant effect of silver nanoparticles AgNPs which have been prepared and characterized in previous study. The silver nanoparticales were synthesized by biological method using green (G) and black (B) tea as reducing agent. AgNPs were 50nm and 30 nm respectively with like spherical in shape. The effect of...
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... Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles being an approach of regenerative medicine (Abd AL-Rhman et al., 2016). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to be anti-inflammatory (Singh et al., 2022) and have bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (Mohammed et al., 2018;Ali and Khudair, 2019). ...
... Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles being an approach of regenerative medicine (Abd AL-Rhman et al., 2016). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to be anti-inflammatory (Singh et al., 2022) and have bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (Mohammed et al., 2018;Ali and Khudair, 2019). ...
Treatment of infected wounds is one of the common challenges in veterinary practice. This study highlights
the synthesis and use of hydrogel derived from small intestine submucosa (SIS) and AgNPs composite for accelerate
the healing of infected wounds and improve cosmetic outcomes. A 5% w/v SIS hydrogel was prepared and formulated
with 100 μg/ml AgNPs to evaluate its effect on healing of infected wounds in rabbit. Forty eight adult rabbits aged
8-12 months, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, were divided randomly into three equal groups (n=16) after inducing infected
wounds. In control group (GI), the infected wounds were managed by rinsing with normal saline after debridement
and bandaging without any topical application. In SIS hydrogel group (GII), the infected wounds were treated by
application of SIS hydrogel after wound management. In SIS hydrogel-AgNPs composite group (GIII), the infected
wounds were treated by application of composition of SIS hydrogel and AgNPs after wound management. The wound
healing was assessed clinically macroscopically by measurement of wound contraction at days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,
24, 27 and 30) post treatment in addition to macroscopic finding images (3, 7, 14 and 30 days) post treatment to monitoring
the changing in wound bed. Such investigation indicates that the percentage of wounds closure were significantly
increased (P≤0.05) in GII and GIII as compared to GI from day six extended to day thirty, while the significant
increase in wounds closure in GIII were began from day 15th until day 24th post treatment and completely closed at day
27th without scar formation, in contrast with wounds area of GII which was nearly closed at periods of day 30th, while
the wounds of GI exhibited incomplete closure at the same period. In conclusion, the composite bioscaffold integrates
the properties of AgNPs with those of SIS hydrogel, providing
... Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles being an approach of regenerative medicine (Abd AL-Rhman et al., 2016). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to be anti-inflammatory (Singh et al., 2022) and have bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (Mohammed et al., 2018;Ali and Khudair, 2019). ...
... Hematological analysis showed that N-SNPs did not cause any significant change in RBCs, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV, and platelets levels compared with those in the normal mice (negative control), and EAC tumor-bearing mice group (vehicle control), which highlighted that N-SNPs did not induce systemic toxicity [39,51]. Treatment with N-SNPs resulted in decreased WBCs count in the N-SNPs-treated group compared with those in the vehicle control groups and an increase in lymphocyte and monocyte counts in the N-SNPs-treated group compared with those in the negative control and vehicle control groups, which may indicate that N-SNPs induced an immune response to suppress tumor proliferation [52]. ...
Among the metallic nanoparticles (NPs), silver NPs are the leading anticancer nanoagents due to their physicochemical properties and inhibitory activities against different cancers. Many reports exhibited the cytotoxic effect of silver-NPs fabricated by cyanobacteria against various cancer cell lines. However, their lethal mechanisms have not been elucidated. The antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of silver-NPs synthesized previously using Nostoc Bahar M (N-SNPs), and their associated mechanisms were evaluated in the solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor-bearing mice model. Blood parameters, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphate, and oxidative stress markers, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde, were analyzed. In addition, the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes and proteins was screened utilizing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. N-SNPs significantly reduced tumor size in mice without affecting body weight and did not compromise liver function or alter blood parameters. Besides, N-SNPs negatively impact membrane integrity and metabolic activity and significantly enhance oxidative stress by causing an imbalance in antioxidant activity in tumor tissues. Intriguingly, N-SNPs-stimulated apoptosis signaling pathways via a combination of enhanced and suppressed responses of pro- and antiapoptotic genes and proteins. The cytotoxic activity and apoptosis effect of N-SNPs in tumor tissue could be attributed to the surge in reactive oxygen species production and depletion of antioxidant activity. Certainly, N-SNPs could provide robust antitumor agents against solid tumors.
... 10 WBC are active functioning cells of the immune system, both specific and non-specific, and their number reflects the overall health of the immune system. 17 WBC counts increased in all treatment groups following injection with Cd in comparison to the control group that, more likely, because of the acute immunogenic response. When compared to untreated mice, the renal profile parameters BUN and CRE increased considerably in all experimental dosing regimens (Table 2). ...
... From this point of view, the study of the interaction between nanoparticles and other immune cells is a necessity to determine the nature of the immunological response that will result from their use in therapy. The introduction of such nanoparticles into the body can result in their recognition by immune cells which translates into an immune response that can lead to a serious medical problem [16,17]. Additionally, the changes in immune cell phenotype upon interaction with the nanoparticle could be harnessed and employed in therapeutic approaches for immunological diseases, as it was shown previously that the alteration in the immune cell phenotype after treating cells with biological modifiers or a nanoparticles will induce the apoptosis and necrosis cell death modality of the treated cells ( [18]). ...
Introduction. This study is aimed at investigating the immunological response after treating THP-1 cells with gold nanorods conjugated with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) inhibitor. Methodology. Gold nanorods were synthesized and functionalized with cholesterol-PEG-SH moiety, and the treatment groups were as follows: nanocomplex (a drug-conjugated gold nanorods), free drug (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) inhibitor), and GNR (the nanocarrier; cholesterol-coated gold nanorods). THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages and characterized by measuring the expression of macrophage surface markers by flow cytometry. Then, differentiated cells were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Afterwards, activated macrophages were treated with the different treatments: nanocomplex, free drug, and GNR, for 24 hrs. After treatment, the production of the inflammatory cytokines measured at gene and protein levels by using qPCR and CBA array beads by flow cytometry. Results. Our results show that THP-1 cells were successfully differentiated into macrophages. For inflammatory cytokine expression response, nanocomplex and free drug showed the same expression level of cytokines at gene level, as the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly downregulated (p
... Ag-NPs was synthesized and demonstrated to be an effective antimicrobial agent through the advancement of nanotechnology due to its ability to bind to proteins and interfere with bacterial and viral processes (Kim et al. 2007). Ag-NPs is defined as nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of less than 100 nm (Abd AL-Rhman et al. 2016). Nanotoxicology is a relatively new branch of toxicology concerned with the safety of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices. ...
Nanotechnology is widely considered a major technology of the twenty-first century. Nanoparticles (NPs) has been
shown to pass through reproductively significant biological barriers such as the blood-testicle and placental barriers. Thus, the
purpose of this study was to determine the effect of silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on sperm-egg interaction and spermatozoa
quality parameters in quail spermatozoa. Semen was suspended in Ringer solution containing Ag-NPs levels at 5.5 × 106
sperm/ml (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm). The results indicated that when sperm were counted at 0.1 ppm, the number of holes
formed on the inner perivitelline layer was significantly increased compared to the control. The 10 ppm group had a significant
reduction in sperm viability. At 0.1 and 1 ppm, the membrane integrity was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). All treatments
(except 0.01 ppm Ag-NPs) had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the percentage of spermatozoa with an intact acrosome when
compared to the control group. At 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm Ag-NPs, morphological defects in the acrosome were observed. As a
result, Ag-NPs is likely capable of destroying the acrosome membrane. This research indicates that Ag-NPs may be cytotoxic to
spermatozoa by impairing sperm functionality and increasing sperm mortality
... Because of the properties, such as small size and the ability to withstand gastric enzyme and pH, nanoparticles have been used for encapsulation and targeted delivery of drugs and bioactive (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) compounds. Depending on silver nanoparticles composition and surface modification, these nanoparticles have been evaluated for their ability to enhance cellular and humoral immunity by increasing the production of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils (Al-Rhman et al., 2016). The mechanism of silver nanoparticles in initiation and regulation of the immune response is not clearly understood, though it is suggested to be attributed to its interaction with macrophages which stimulates upregulation of proinflammatory genes (interleukin-IL1 and IL6), cytokine release, and leukocyte recruitment (Shin et al., 2007;Greulich et al., 2009) (Fig. 27.3). ...
Modern-day intensive system of livestock farming is being faced with the increasing pressure to combat various health-related issues. This will require antimicrobial feed additives or drugs for either curative or preventive purposes. Nevertheless, antimicrobial resistance, re-emerging diseases, and disease outbreak call for the need to develop new drugs or management practices to improve the efficiency of established drugs. The silver nanoparticle has the potential to be useful for various veterinary applications. Silver nanoparticles have anthelmintics and acaricidal properties. It also has the potential to be applied as a preventive and therapeutic agent infectious bursa disease virus. The silver nanoparticle can improve the adaptive immune system, egg hatchability, and stimulated the hydroxylapatite formation. A silver nanoparticle can aid quick wound, surgical wound, and burning healing. Silver nanoparticle has the ability to improve the efficiency of established drug even at the lower doses of such drugs. Nanoparticles can be applied in biosecurity measure in farms in dips, to fumigate incubators, sterilize brooder houses and cages. The ability of silver nanoparticle to bypass placenta barrier suggests that with proper monitoring it could be in fetal programming for drug and nutrient delivery. Nevertheless, despite the potentials of silver nanoparticle, it could cause a shift in gut microbes, affect absorption of some minerals such as K and Fe, and cause sperm anomalies, affect sperm motility and speed. Thus, silver nanoparticle has excellent potentials for various veterinary applications, but there is a need for further field trials.
... following exposure to nanoparticles (Torrealba et al., 2019). A study by AL-Rhman et al. (2016) reported that humoral and cellular immunities were significantly stimulated in immunized mice with AgNPs, which could be used as an effective immune-protective adjuvant. The result is beneficial for future biomedical applications. ...
To find potential alternatives for certain conventional antibiotics, we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Moringa oleifera extract on serum biochemistry, immunological, inflammatory, oxidative, and histological alterations, and DNA damage in Oreochromis niloticus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. For determining the concentration of AgNPs, 110 fish were used; 11 groups were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila (each group = 10 fish) and exposed to different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 3.6, and 4.0 mg/L) as immersion. Another 360 fish were categorized into eight groups: G1 was non-infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and treated with 0 mg/L AgNPs, G2 was infected and treated with 0 mg/L AgNPs, G3, G4, and G5 were non-infected and treated with 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/L AgNPs, respectively. G6, G7, and G8 were infected and treated with 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/L AgNPs, respectively, for seven days. Infection with Aeromonas hydrophila significantly altered the health and reduced lysozyme, hepatic CAT, and hepatic SOD activity, and IgM, complement 3, total protein, albumin, globulin, serum nitric oxide, and IL-10 levels, with a significant increase in the activity of ALT, AST, LDH, and levels of urea, creatinine, bilirubin, hepatic MDA, and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β and IL-6). Moreover, the infection produced a prominent genotoxic effect and impaired the architecture of hepatic, renal, splenic, and gill tissues with a strong expression of NF-kB. Fish exposed to different treatments of AgNPs showed improvement in these markers with a significant reduction in the mortality rate. Interestingly, the submersion of infected fish in 0.8 mg/L AgNPs produced the best result. These results showed that green biosynthesis of AgNPs is non-cytotoxic and provides an alternative antimicrobial compound against hepatotoxic, splenotoxic, nephrotoxic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia.
... This is in correlation with the data of the lymphoid organ weight. Previous studies had also reported enhanced cellular immune response when immunized with either 2 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg AgNano in mice and in chicken, respectively (Bhanja et al. 2015, AL-Rhman et al. 2016. Our study shows the dose related increase in cell-mediated immune response. ...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of silver nanoparticles (AgNano) supplementation during early embryogenesis on the post-hatch performance and immunity in broilers. Increasing concentration of AgNano 0 (un-injected control), 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/egg, respectively were administered on 7th embryonic day at the broad end of broiler egg, following in ovo feeding techniques. A total of 60 eggs per treatment were used and five replicates of 8 birds each in all treatment were reared upto 42 days post-hatching. Egg weight, chick weight and ratio were similar in all the groups, however, the hatchability decreased with increasing AgNano concentration. Average daily weight gain was increased in all the AgNano supplemented chicks. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by AgNano supplementation. Pancreas weight has shown an increasing trend with increasing concentration of AgNano. The bursa and spleen weight were increased with increasing concentration of AgNano supplementation during embryogenesis. In vivo Immune-response to phytohaemagglutinin- P and sheep RBC was increased in AgNano supplemented chicks. Serum cholesterol level was decreased in AgNano supplemented chicks unlike glucose and total protein. Early embryonic supplementation of AgNano particles modulates the post-hatch growth performance and immunity in broilers.
