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This book brings together chapters on using social cognition models to develop interventions to change health behaviors. After an introductory chapter on the models and interventions to be included, the 9 chapters address a particular behavior or set of behaviors, written by the authors of the interventions themselves. The chapters follow a common...
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Objectives: To longitudinally explore the association between activities and depressive symptoms of nursing home (NH) residents, taking into account that each activity may contain multiple components (physical, creative, social, cognitive, and musical).
Method: Study with a baseline and two follow-ups (four and eight months). Participants were fort...
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... Subjective level of information, subjective infection severity and the constructed risk perception score, which included speed, closeness and severity of the threat, are related with a higher compliance in both domains. This is in line with theoretical models of behavior, such as the Health Belief Model [65], in which threat perception and beliefs thereof are among the most important drivers of compliance. Previous empirical studies of the present pandemic have also sustained this finding [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
Objectives:
Although a growing share of the population in many countries has been vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus to different degrees, social distancing and hygienic non-pharmaceutical interventions still play a substantial role in containing the pandemic. The goal of this study was to investigate which factors are correlated with a higher compliance with these regulations in the context of a cohort study in the city of Munich, southern Germany, during the summer of 2020, i.e. after the first lockdown phase.
Methods:
Using self-reported compliance with six regulations and personal hygiene rules (washing hands, avoiding touching face, wearing a mask, keeping distance, avoiding social gatherings, avoiding public spaces) we extracted two compliance factor scores, namely compliance with personal hygiene measures and compliance with social distancing regulations. Using linear and logistic regressions, we estimated the correlation of several socio-demographic and risk perception variables with both compliance scores.
Results:
Risk aversion proved to be a consistent and significant driver of compliance across all compliance behaviors. Furthermore, being female, being retired and having a migration background were positively associated with compliance with personal hygiene regulations, whereas older age was related with a higher compliance with social distancing regulations. Generally, socioeconomic characteristics were not related with compliance, except for education, which was negatively related with compliance with personal hygiene measures.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that for a targeted approach to improve compliance with measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, special attention should be given to younger, male and risk-prone individuals.
... For several decades, social cognitive and psychology models have been at the forefront of understanding health behaviours (Conner and Norman, 1996) [22]. Self-motivation toward the desired behaviour is often driven by social factors and the psychological state of benefits, losses, threats, and ability to act (Rutter and Quine, 2002) [23]. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a key framework used to understand and predict health-promoting behaviours (Rosenstock, 1974a, andRosenstock, 1974b) [24,25]. ...
Objectives
The study objectives were to a) explore the association between household income and nationality and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) enablers and barriers, and b) inform public health policy and health promotion.
Study Design
A Cross-sectional Study in the UAE.
Methods
Nationally representative population survey was used to capture demographic and SSB behaviour data.
Results
We recruited 7 500 participants into the study and received 1 290 responses (17. 2% participation rate). We report statistically significant associations between household income, nationality, and enablers and barriers. In some instances, similar enablers and barriers were reported by household income and nationality.
Conclusions
There are several associations between household income, nationality and SSB enablers, and barriers. These associations should be considered for future public health policy and health promotion decision-making to reduce SSB consumption. In addition, further research is needed to explore how other demographic factors (modifying variables) are associated with SSB enablers and barriers.
... Theory provides a framework to reason how and why people alter their behavior [46]. It also aids the evaluation of the program's effectiveness [47]. The absence of theory cannot ensure that all the variables which influence the problem are targeted [48]. ...
Maternal depression has a negative impact on both the mother and child's physical and mental health, as well as impairs parenting skills and pediatric health care utilization. The pediatricians' role in identification and management of maternal depression is well established. Although it can be successfully and easily treated, maternal depression remains under-recognized and under-treated. Despite the heightened emphasis, there is lack of interventions to pediatricians in order to improve detection and management of maternal depression.
To address this gap, an educational intervention based on the 'Health Belief Model' was developed, implemented, and evaluated. The present quasi-experimental study, aimed to assess the pediatricians' knowledge, self-efficacy, beliefs, and attitudes toward maternal depression at baseline and post-intervention measurements. A total of 43 randomly selected primary care pediatricians residing in Athens completed a 59-item survey by mail in 2011. Pediatricians in the intervention group received a toolkit about the recognition and management of maternal depression, while pediatricians in the control group received a leaflet about mental health. Descriptive statistics, t test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis.
Post-intervention measurement revealed differences at a statistical significance level between the two groups, in the following variables: beliefs, attitudes, self- efficacy, perceived barriers, and management practices of maternal depression. Furthermore, at post-measurement, pediatricians in the intervention group demonstrated increased perceived responsibility and increased self-efficacy for detection and referral of maternal depression.
Educational interventions to pediatricians seem to be beneficial for the improvement of the pediatricians' knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes regarding maternal depression. Studies using large, representative population samples are needed to provide evidence if the training interventions to pediatricians for maternal depression are translated to changes in their clinical practice and improved the patients' health outcomes.
... The HBM proposes that people are only motivated to carry out preventive health behaviours as a response to a perceived threat to their health. Two classes of variables: first, the psychological state of readiness to take specific action, and second, the extent to which a particular course of action is beneficial in reducing the threat are the pillars of the model [16][17][18]. The Theory of Planned Behaviour presupposes that reasoned actions result from behavioural intentions that are largely based on one's attitudes and subjective norms [19]. ...
Initiatives aimed at behaviour change of key populations such as the female sex workers (FSWs) are pivotal in reducing the transmission of HIV. An 8-year implementation research to establish the predictor factors of behaviour change among FSWs in Kenya was initiated by the African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF) with Sida and DfID support.
This cross-sectional survey interviewed 159 female sex workers (FSWs) identified through snowball procedure. The measurement of behaviour change was based on: the consistent use of condoms with both regular and non regular clients, reduced number of clients, routine checks for STIs, and involvement in alternative income generating activities. The adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence interval computed during binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the behaviour change predictor factors.
Most FSWs (84%) had participated in AMREF's integrated intervention programme for at least one year and 59.1% had gone through behaviour change. The adjusted odds ratio showed that the FSWs with secondary education were 2.23 times likely to change behaviour, protestants were 4.61 times, those in sex work for >4 years were 2.36 times, FSWs with good HIV prevention knowledge were 4.37 times, and those engaged in alternative income generating activities were 2.30 times more likely to change their behaviour compared to respective counterparts.
Behaviour change among FSWs was possible and is associated with the level of education, religious affiliation, number of years in sex work and one's level of HIV prevention knowledge. A re-orientation on the peer education programme to focus on HIV preventive measures beyond use of condoms is emphasized.
... Further, it aims to explains why and how behaviours occur and allows us to predict future behaviours by establishing relationships between key variables. Beyond providing constructs , processes and hypotheses for setting up interventions , theories can also provide the basis for testing the effectiveness of interventions [10]. Furthermore, theories ...
This paper assesses the extent to which HIV prevention interventions for young people in sub-Saharan Africa are grounded in theory and if theory-based interventions are more effective. Three databases were searched for evaluation studies of HIV prevention interventions for youth. Additional articles were identified on websites of international organisations and through searching references. 34 interventions were included; 25 mentioned the use of theory. Social Cognitive Theory was most prominent (n = 13), followed by Health Belief Model (n = 7), and Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behaviour (n = 6). These cognitive behavioural theories assume that cognitions drive sexual behaviour. Reporting on choice and use of theory was low. Only three articles provided information about why a particular theory was selected. Interventions used theory to inform content (n = 13), for evaluation purposes (n = 4) or both (n = 7). No patterns of differential effectiveness could be detected between studies using and not using theory, or according to whether a theory informed content, and/or evaluation. We discuss characteristics of the theories that might account for the limited effectiveness observed, including overreliance on cognitions that likely vary according to type of sexual behaviour and other personal factors, inadequately address interpersonal factors, and failure to account for contextual factors.
... The psychological support is based on the theoretical concept of the MoVo (motivation volition) process model (Fuchs, Göhner, & Seelig, 2011; Göhner, Seelig, & Fuchs, 2009) and serves both to motivate the participants and, most importantly, to help them reach the targets they set for themselves and implement their plans. The MoVo process model integrates central elements of social cognition research with a strong focus on motivational aspects (Conner, & Norman, 2005; Rutter & Quine, 2002) as well as central elements of action control theories (de Ridder & de Wit, 2006), which emphasize the volitional (self-regulatory) side of behavioral control (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004). According to the MoVo process model, engaging in physical exercise and maintaining a healthy diet requires positive outcome expectations, high self-efficacy, strong goal intentions, detailed implementation intentions, good volitional intention shielding, and positive outcome experiences (Fuchs et al., 2011; Göhner et al., 2009). ...
Intervention programs for treating adiposity which focus on dietary change and physical exercise often do not lead to the desired long-term reduction in weight. This article reports on the effectiveness of M.O.B.I.L.I.S., a standardized theory-driven intervention program. Participants are taught cognitive-behavioral strategies of goal setting, action planning, barrier management, and self-monitoring. Persons with obesity (N=316) responded to a public advertisement to participate in the intervention program (IG) or comparison group (CG; quasi-experimental design). Assessments were conducted at four time points, with the last assessment being conducted two years after baseline. At the 24-month follow-up, the IG showed weight loss of 5.57%, whereas the CG lost 1.12% of their weight (t1-t4, p < .01). The results yielded significant interaction terms (group x time), indicating that the intervention had a substantial effect on food choice and level of physical exercise (p < .01). The IG showed significantly enhanced self-efficacy, stronger goal intentions, and more detailed implementation intentions than the CG at follow-ups. The intervention program has the potential to evoke enduring changes in the cognitions we hypothesized to be responsible for inducing obese adults to begin and continue regular exercise and healthy eating behavior, resulting in substantial weight loss.
... Os modelos de cognição social ajudam a explicar comportamentos de prevenção e promoção de saúde (Rutter & Quine, 2002), uma vez que eles apontam como os processos cognitivos promovem a mudança comportamental, especialmente por meio da alteração no senso de autoeficácia (Bandura, Adams & Beyer, 1977). Assim, conforme o indivíduo se percebe mais vulnerável a contrair uma doença ou quanto mais grave a percebe, mais ameaçadora e aversiva essa situação tornarse-á, o que, por sua vez, diminui a confiança na própria capacidade de lidar com a situação. ...
Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar os aspectos psicossociais que mediam a qualidade da relação médico-paciente com base em uma concepção cognitivo-comportamental. Para tanto, é feita uma breve revisão sobre os aspectos da relação de ajuda. Ressalta-se a importância da qualidade da relação estabelecida, destacando a participação de ambos na tomada de decisão e a relação colaborativa, empática e bidirecional. Assim, as crenças, necessidades específicas e características pessoais ganham lugar de destaque. Além disso, a organização empregadora, a equipe de saúde, o meio social e os familiares vão interferir na dinâmica da relação. O suporte social e a comunicação terapêutica são outros componentes da multifatorialidade desse processo. A relação positiva permite o aparecimento de fatores de predisposição da doença, facilita o treino de habilidades assertivas de enfrentamento, a reestruturação cognitiva e a reeducação emocional, resultando na construção de respostas adaptativas a situações adversas.
... These findings highlight limitations in psychological behaviour change theories such as the health belief model and theories of planned behaviour and self-efficacy (Rutter and Quine, 2002) when applied to a developing country setting. Such theories place primary emphasis on the power individuals have over their behaviours, with less focus on their social contexts. ...
Many adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions have improved knowledge and reduced reported sexual risk behaviours, but found no impact on HIV. We explored potential reasons for this in 23 in-depth interviews, conducted 7-9 years after exposure to ASRH intervention. We discussed participants' memories and views of the relevance of the in-school intervention, and their subsequent ability to apply what they had learned. While most participants had favourable memories of the intervention, few recalled specific details. Most reported that the intervention had been relevant, although few reported being able to apply the teachings. Men found it easier to apply lessons about condoms than women. Inability to apply the intervention teachings was often linked to cultural norms around fertility and/or gender power relations. ASRH interventions should address structural factors such as the quality of parenting and explicitly link interventions to young peoples' future aspiration. © 2013 © The Author (2012). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected]
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... Information and education activities were associated with more positive perceptions regarding various improvement measures. Though the relationship between perceptions and behaviours remains to be fully determined [32,33], all HCWs should participate in formal training and all families should be properly informed on hand hygiene, not only to increase knowledge and possibly to increase adherence [7,11], but also to improve perceptions on effectiveness of actions to be implemented. ...
This study was conducted to evaluate perceptions of healthcare workers (HCW) and parents regarding hand-hygiene and effectiveness of measures for increasing hand-hygiene adherence, in a children's hospital in Italy.
A cross-sectional study was performed from 5 to 13 July 2010, using two self-administered anonymous questionnaires (one for HCWs and one for parents/caregivers). The questionnaires included information regarding individual perceptions associated with hand hygiene.
We collected 139 questionnaires from HCWs and 236 questionnaires from parents. Alcohol-based handrub was reported to be available at the point of care by 95.0% of the HCWs and in the child's room by 97.0% of the parents. For both HCWs and parents, availability of alcohol-based handrub was perceived as the most useful action for improving adherence to hand hygiene (scores ≥ 6 on a 7-point Likert-type scale: 84.8% [CI95%78.0-90.1] for HCWs and 87.9% [CI95% 83.3-91.7] for parents). Parents' reminding HCWs to perform hand hygiene was perceived as the least useful action (scores ≥ 6: 48.9% [CI95% 40.5-57.3] for HCWs and 55.7% [CI95% 49.2-62.1] for parents). Factors that affected HCWs' perceptions of the effectiveness of actions for improving adherence to hand hygiene included years of practice, type of ward and previous formal training on hand hygiene. For parents, factors affecting perceptions included previous information on hand hygiene and previous hospitalizations for their child.
Investigating HCWs' and parents' perceptions of measures for improving adherence can provide useful information for implementing actions for hand-hygiene promotion in children's hospitals. In this study, HCWs' and parents' perceptions were similar; alcohol-based hand-rub availability was perceived as the most useful tool, confirming its crucial role in multimodal interventions. Poor perception of inviting parents to remind HCWs to perform hand-hygiene has been previously observed, and deserves further investigation. Information and education activities were associated with more positive perceptions regarding various improvement measures. Though the relationship between perceptions and behaviours remains to be fully determined, HCWs should participate in formal training and families should be properly informed, not only to increase knowledge but also to improve perceptions on effectiveness of actions to be implemented.
... These are then combined into a single prediction equation for explaining behavioral intention and behavior change. The most prominent approaches are the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), and Protection Motivation Theory (Maddux & Rogers, 1983; for an overview and critique of these and other models, see Abraham & Sheeran, 2000; Armitage & Conner, 2000, 2001; Rutter & Quine, 2002; Schwarzer, 1992; Sutton, 1998; Weinstein, 1993, 2007). However, it is quite common that people do not behave in accordance with their intentions. ...
Levels of physical exercise adherence are not predicted well by behavioral intentions. Therefore, action planning and recovery self-efficacy were specified as proximal predictors to bridge the gap between intentions and adherence. The prediction model was examined in 3 studies with participants who were enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (Study 1, N = 353; Study 2, N = 114) or orthopedic rehabilitation (Study 3, N = 368).
Each study included 3 measurement points in time, covering a period between 4 and 12 months. Intentions, planning, self-efficacy, and exercise levels were assessed.
Structural equation modeling revealed that 1 common model fit all 3 data sets well. Results differed in terms of variance accounted for, but the overall patterns of estimated parameters were similar.
Although health risk perception appeared to be a negligible factor, action planning and recovery self-efficacy were effective predictors of physical exercise adherence.
