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In this paper a typification variant of the double action pneumatic ejectors for the injection molds of the thin-wall parts with linear profile is presented.
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Nematic, or liquid crystalline, polymer (LCP) composites are composed of large aspect ratio rod-like or platelet macromolecules. This class of nanocomposites exhibits tremendous potential for high performance material applications, ranging across mechanical, electrical, piezoelectric, thermal, and barrier properties. Fibers made from nematic polyme...
The strength of CFST columns with a square cross-section at axial and eccentrical compression operation with small eccentricities is noticeably lower, if compared with similar circular cross section columns. The paper suggests increasing the strength of CFST columns with square section by preliminary compressed concrete core implementation. The com...
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... There are five categories of process variables in injection moulding that are time, pressure, speed, temperature, and stroke [2]. Each of these categories can be further divided into their respective variables. ...
Multi-cavity injection moulding process is challenging due to increasing complexity in design and higher precision requirement. Quality defects need to be addressed effectively and systematically. This paper reports an investigation based on a case study company producing consumable injection moulded parts for medical application. The current process suffers high reject rate due to excessive warpage and gate flash where the company lose about 17% of daily production. This has significantly effected the company’s productivity. The objective of this study is to minimize warpage and gate flash of the injected moulded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) parts. Significant process parameters contributing to both warpage and gate flash defects are identified. The study also attempted to search for an optimum setting such that it could be used as a guide to concurrently improve the warpage and gate flash. A fractional factorial design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques were used. An optimum parameter setting is proposed through an overlaid contour plot that combine the two responses. The recommended feasible setting leading to an optimum performance are −1.6 for holding pressure and 0.6 for mould temperature (coded values). Practical validation indicates a significant reduction in rejection rate. This study shoud be further extended to refine the proposed regression model.
... At that time, only the filling stage of the injection moulding process was considered. Since 1978, commercial Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software has been available, over the years, the scope of such software has expanded beyond filling analysis to include cooling analysis, part gate location, runner sizing, weld line prediction, gas-trap prediction, warpage and residual stress analysis [47]. ...
... When the part is measured, and its characteristics are found deviate, the exact variables contributing to that deviation are less known. The present industry practice of tool maturation and readiness for production is by measuring the process capability [5]. Many variables generated at tool design and manufacturing are part of final part variations, and all are counted in process capability. ...
A mass production always aims to produce uniform performing products. Production tools such as pressing dies, casting dies and injection moulds, play a significant role by producing uniform parts for achieving final products. Tool complexity increases when multiple cavities are present. These tools pass through several stages of quality maturation, before starting production, where the tool capability for part uniformity can be assessed, corrected and aligned to mass production variables. This research article describes the process of systematic understanding of the impact of variables and of finding opportunities to counter them. Application is assessed over a hypothetical plastic injection mould and found feasible. Proposed process could evaluate the tool capability for producing uniform parts, at its digital design verification and its physical validation.
... Mold filling simulation is the most common type of process modeling. Commercial computer-aided engineering (CAE) software has been avilable since 1978 (Thyregod, 2001). Over the years, the scope of such software has expanded beyond filling analysis to include cooling analysis, part gate location, runner sizing, weldline prediction, gas-trap prediction, wrapage, and residual stress analysis (Thyregod, 2001). ...
... Commercial computer-aided engineering (CAE) software has been avilable since 1978 (Thyregod, 2001). Over the years, the scope of such software has expanded beyond filling analysis to include cooling analysis, part gate location, runner sizing, weldline prediction, gas-trap prediction, wrapage, and residual stress analysis (Thyregod, 2001). Fernandes et al. (2016) presented a comprehensive survey of modeling of IM processes. ...
... p'th quantile in χ 2 -distribution with f degrees of freedom, (i.e with probability mass p to the left of this value) Some (mainly US) textbooks use the notation χ 2 α,ν to denote the so-called χ-squared critical value, denoting the number on the measurement axis such that the probability mass for the χ 2 ν -distribution to the right of this value is α. Acceptance value used for determining acceptability, see (80) ...
Values of parameters such as temperature, humidity, number of plastic products and the location of plastic injection moulds are required to determine the efficiency of plastic injection moulds with a view to improving the quality of the outputs. This article determined the appropriate sensors for the measurement of these essential parameters in the most suitable form of representation of the data to aid a proficient analysis of the data. A network of sensors for the measurement and analysis of the parameters of plastic injection moulds in operation was designed and constructed. The outputs of these sensors were obtained by connecting the sensors to the General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins of a Raspberry Pi and writing a Python programme for the connected GPIO pins. The values of the outputs of these sensors were represented in graphical form. The connection of the Raspberry Pi and the sensors were done with a full-sized breadboard and jumper wires. A computer-aided design (CAD) of the connections was produced using Fritzing software. The appropriate sensors determined are MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor, DHT11 humidity sensor, pixy2 vision sensor and Neo-6m GPS sensor. The output values of these sensors were plotted on a graph with the aid of a Python programme. The plastic industry has grown into a very broad industry as plastics are used to manufacture many materials. This makes it essential to ensure the efficiency of the industrial machines used in the making of these plastic products by using sensors to measure the parameters of a plastic injection mould in operation. This study therefore suggested the measurement of industrial plastic injection moulds with the use of the built sensors analytics system for the purpose of understanding and improving the performance of the injection mould.
Using biomass to produce materials is an alternative possibility to its disposal for energy production or to its composting. This can provide more value, also in economic terms, especially in presence of large amounts of biomass available due to massive agricultural production systems, so that the exploitation of secondary raw materials might become of stringent interest. Food packaging is increasingly in search for more sustainable materials, able to be effective in terms of communication and preservation of their content, a sector in which the possible use of secondary raw material is becoming a plus. In a number of cases, the use of lignin, cellulose or oil-based seeds has been proposed for the purpose. This chapter presents the difficulties in performing life cycle analysis (LCA) studies that would allow evaluating and comparing use of food packaging obtained from biomass with conventional one obtained from oil-derived plastics. This means concentrating for a start on establishing reasonable system boundaries that would enable this comparison, especially as regards the origin of biomass employed as secondary raw material.
The growth in the polymer use has been achieved through the developments and improvements of processes allowing their conversion to useful products. Indeed, it exist various plastics processing techniques allowing the three dimensional control over the shape of the manufactured product, but injection molding process remain the most common and widely used operations. Considerable effort has been expended to obtain an understanding of the interactions between the injection process variables and the operating conditions. So, this chapter discusses the important injection molding variables and efforts to control them and thus the used models in each injection phase to carry out the control studies. At the end, some thermal and mechanical models to predict the final biopolymers and bio-composites properties are presented.
Recently, the research and development of novel antimicrobial food packaging paper have been accrued a considerable attention due to their ultimate advantages namely contain food in a cost-effective way that satisfies industry requirements and consumer desires, maintains food safety, and minimizes environmental impact also to increase the shelf life of foodstuff. These unique food packaging papers can be prepared through different materials such as synthetic polymers, nature or bio-polymers owing to their numerous properties. Therefore, in order to enhance the biological properties particularly the antimicrobial activity against the most pathogenic bacteria and biodegradability of the packaging material, the polymeric matrix can be reinforced with different fillers mainly biofiber, clay and agriculture biomass. Herein, this chapter book reviews the different classes of food packaging paper and their roles, manufacturing, applications and also the effects of antimicrobial agents on the final properties of packaging papers. The major aim of this review was to highlight the effect of several antibacterial agents on final mechanical and biological properties of biomass- based composites and nanocomposites materials. This chapter is divided into three parts, the first one is dedicated to the classifications and roles of food packaging systems, the second part is devoted to the manufacturing of packaging paper based on agriculture biomass, the third part concern the applications of these materials and the side effect of the antibacterial agents on their properties. From the results obtained in this research work, we can conclude that the agricultural biomass can be used to manufacture food packaging by several techniques mostly pulp manufacturing processes. Also, the mechanical and antibacterial properties of these materials can enhanced by the addition of divers antibacterial agents.
The objective of this chapter is to highlight the food packaging requirement and their evaluation to meet the demands of safer and shelf life enhancing packaging's and coatings. Food packaging aims to make food handling convenient and improve the shelf life of food, which is a significant requirement for safer transportation and storage of food. With the growing pace of technology new packaging materials with improved benefits have emerged. Numerous packaging materials have been used in the past like packages and containers made of aluminum, tin, paper, plastics etc., serving the purpose efficiently however their weight and disposal remains the issue. Most of these materials being non-biodegradable and are threat to environment. Thus, this chapter aims at discussing the biodegradable packaging's and coatings. It presents the information about the types of coating material and also the applications including effects of coatings, their biodegradability, measurement of their safety and regulations on these coatings. The techniques for application of these coatings are also explained briefly. Thus, it revealed that the coating is a remarkable technology for packaging food, it not only reduces weight but also is biodegradable, safer and improves shelf life significantly.
