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Woody ornamental cover plants of Japanese pachysandra (P. terminalis 5. et Z.) are planted in parks and gardens in the Czech Republic. A serious disease of these plants is Volutella leaf blight and stem canker caused by the fungus Pseudonectria pachysandricola (anamorph Volutella pachysandricola). It was described by DODGE (1944) in the United Stat...
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In a specific area of the Krušné Hory Mts. (Ore Mountains), Czech Republic, branches and leaves of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) were collected during the growing seasons in 2010–2016 on the low-pH soil (2.77–3.62) with a high total content of manganese (490–6277 mg kg⁻¹ dwt.). Mn content in leaves occurred in a wide range (274–11,159 mg kg⁻¹)...
Citations
... In our fungal isolates, we found pathogens of plant diseases from genera such as Pestalotiopsis [58,59], Volutella [60,61], Didymella [62], Xylaria [63], and Crinipellis [64]; the genus Coriolopsis which is associated with trees and one of the lignicolous fungi [65]; and Paraphaeosphaeria [66], Peroneutypa [67], and Phaeophlebiopsis [68], which are genera associated with the epiphytic fungi of plants. The fungi of the genus Absidia are usually isolated from soil, constituting the pathogens of many human diseases [69][70][71][72]. ...
Potatoes rank third in terms of human consumption after rice and wheat. Globodera spp. are significant pests of potato crop worldwide. Globodera rostochiensis was found in Weining County, Guizhou Province, China, in 2019. We collected soil from the rhizosphere zone from infected potato plants and separated mature cysts through simple floatation and sieving methods. The selected cysts were surface-sterilized, and the colonized fungi were isolated and purified. At the same time, the preliminary identification of fungi and fungi parasites on the cysts of nematodes was carried out. This study aimed to define the species and frequency of fungi-colonizing cysts of G. rostochiensis collected from Weining County, Guizhou Province, China, and provide a basis for the control of G. rostochiensis. As a result, 139 strains of colonized fungi were successfully isolated. Multigene analyses showed that these isolates included 11 orders, 17 families, and 23 genera. The genera Fusarium (with a separation frequency of 59%), Penicillium (11%), Edenia (3.6%), and Paraphaeosphaeria (3.6%) were the most frequently occurring. Among the 44 strains, 27 had a colonization rate of 100% on the cysts of G. rostochiensis. Meanwhile, the functional annotation of 23 genera indicated that some fungi have multitrophic lifestyles combining endophytic, pathogenic, and saprophytic behavior. In conclusion, this study showed the species composition and lifestyle diversity of colonized fungi from G. rostochiensis and demonstrated these isolates as potential sources of biocontrol agents. Colonized fungi were isolated from G. rostochiensis for the first time in China, and the taxonomic diversity of fungi from G. rostochiensis was clarified.
... Some species in the two genera were major plant pathogens that could cause multiple rot diseases, such as wilt, leaf rot, stem rot, ear rot and root rot [48]. For sample Y4, Volutella is a facultative plant pathogen and saprophytes, which causes leaf blight and stem canker in many kinds of plants [49]. In the dominant fungal groups of sample Y5, Heydenia is a pathogen that causes olive knot disease by interaction with the bacteria Pseudomonas savastanoi [50]. ...
Fritillaria taipaiensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has experienced continuous decline over its cropping area. The present study aims to explore the reasons for the quality and growth decline. The fungal diversities and biochemical factors in its rhizospheric soils with cultivation duration from 1 up to 5 years were analyzed and compared. The results showed that rhizospheric fungi of F. taipaiensis belong to six phyla, including Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Thirteen genera (Pseudogymnoascus, Fusarium, Mortierella, Colletotrichum, Laetinaevia, Gibberella, Synchytrium, Lysurus, Trichocladium, Volutella, Monoblepharis, Aquamyces and Trichoderma) constituted the “core community” in the rhizosphere of F. taipaiensis. The dominant fungal genera varied significantly in rhizospheric soils with different cultivation years. The abundance of fungal species in the soil declined with the cultivation year generally. The pH, available P, organic matter and urease activity were the primary factors determining the fungal community composition in the rhizosphere. The content of organic matter, available N, P and K and the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase decreased with cultivation years. The soil pH increased with cultivation years and was unsuitable for F. taipaiensis growth. These features suggested that long-term single planting altered the fungal community structure, fertility conditions and soil enzyme activities in F. taipaiensis rhizospheric soils, which could be detrimental for plant growth and quality.
... In addition, Osono and Takeda [34] reported that V. ciliata plays an important role in plant litter decomposition in forest ecosystems through soil nutrient recycling and the accumulation of organic matter in soil. However, other species of the genus can cause a variety of plant diseases, such as Volutella pachysandricola causing Volutella blight (sometimes called leaf blight and stem canker) on Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) [35]; V. buxi causing Boxwood Volutella stem blight or canker on boxwood (Buxus spp.) [36]. There were beneficial microorganisms and plant pathogens in the fungus of the genus Volutella, which are worthy of further study. ...
Background
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for causing many plant diseases and are extremely difficult to control at present. Currently, due to the negative effects of chemical agents on the environment and human health, the development of new biological pesticides has become an important part of plant nematode control. Nematophagous fungi refers to a class of fungi that kill plant nematodes. Notably, a large number of nematophagous fungi resources remain to be studied. The objective of our study was to use in vitro screening to identify nematophagous fungi and select strains that were highly active against nematodes, providing a primary research for the development and utilization of new nematophagous fungi.
Results
A new nematophagous fungal strain (GUCC2219) was isolated from cysts of possibly Globodera spp. and Heterodera spp., identified as Volutella citrinella . The hyphae of V. citrinella produced ring structures of variable size and exhibited predatory and nematicidal activity. The hyphal predation rates (in vitro) against three species of nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi , Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , and Ditylenchus destructor , averaged 59.45, 33.35, and 50.95%, respectively, while the fermentation broth produced by the fungus exhibited mortality rates of 100, 100, and 55.63%, respectively, after 72 h.
Conclusion
V. citrinella is a new strain with nematophagous properties, which are a novel discovery. At the same time, this is the first report of nematicidal and nematode predation activity in the genus Volutella .
... A zonate pattern is often seen in the lesions ( Fig. 3A to C), which may continue to expand until leaves and shoots are blighted ( Fig. 3D and E) (Bai et al. 2012;Douglas 2008;Sinclair et al. 1987). Cankers initially appear water-soaked and darken from greenish brown (Fig. 3D) to darker brown or black (Fig. 3E), eventually expanding to such an extent that they may girdle stems and stolons ( Fig. 3E and F) (Bai et al. 2012;Douglas 2008;Safr ankov a 2007;Sinclair et al. 1987). Circular salmon-colored (brighter pink-orange when moist) sporodochia, sometimes bearing hyaline setae, form on recently killed stems ( Fig. 3D and E) and the abaxial leaf surface (Fig. 3G). ...
... Circular salmon-colored (brighter pink-orange when moist) sporodochia, sometimes bearing hyaline setae, form on recently killed stems ( Fig. 3D and E) and the abaxial leaf surface (Fig. 3G). During spring and summer months, orange to carmine-red perithecia with short, thick-walled setae form on diseased tissue from reddish stromatic masses ( Fig. 3H) (Dodge 1944b;Douglas 2008;Han et al. 2012;Safr ankov a 2007;Sinclair et al. 1987). The gardener's greatest concern, however, is stem and stolon infections (Fig. 3D to F). ...
Volutella blight is a common disease of species in the plant family Buxaceae, specifically boxwood, pachysandra and sarcococca. Despite the disease has been consistently found over the past 150 years in all continents except for Antarctica, there are numerous complications in its etiology, signs and symptoms, and taxonomy, morphology, isolation, and preservation methods of its causal pathogens. For example, one of the two pathogens causing Volutella blight on boxwood, Pseudonectria buxi, has gone by at least 25 names including Volutella buxi and P. rousseliana, since its original description in 1815. The other Volutella blight pathogen on boxwood, P. foliicola, was not described until 2015. Although Coccinonectria pachysandricola, previously named as V. pachysandricola, has been known as a pathogen of pachysandra since 1944, it is only recently found in 2019 that the same pathogen can infect sarcococca. In this diagnostic guide, we provide a comprehensive review on the taxonomy, symptoms, host range, distribution, isolation, identification, storage, and pathogenicity test of the Volutella blight disease and these three causal pathogens. New data, such as previously unreported perithecial morphological characters of P. buxi and a unique sporodochia-forming pattern of C. pachysandricola, are also provided in this guide. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of diagnostic traits of three major fungal diseases on boxwood, namely Volutella blight, boxwood blight, and boxwood dieback, is included. This guide aims at providing integrated information to aid the diagnosis of Volutella blight and facilitating new research to advance our knowledge of this old, but under-studied disease.
... grow in diverse habitats-in soil as facultative plant pathogens and as saprophytes and decomposers on plant debris. The fungus Volutella pachysandricola causes Volutella blight (sometimes called leaf blight and stem canker) on Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) [2]. Chilton [3] found Volutella colletotrichoides to be a facultative plant pathogen on the stems and leaves of alfalfa, and provided evidence that Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Trifolium pratense (red clover), and Lotus corniculatus (bird's foot trefoil) were susceptible to infection by this organism. ...
... The presence of sporodochial conidiomata with conspicuous hyaline, thick-walled, unbranched, spine-like setae, phialidic conidiogenous cells arising from somewhat penicillately branched conidiophores, and profuse ameroconidia allows V. ciliata species to be easily distinguished from the other species of Volutella. To confirm the molecular result, the morphology of the isolate KNU14-516 was determined by comparison to previously described V. ciliata morphology [2,[13][14][15]. Photomicrographs were taken with a Kodak14n digital camera (Tokyo, Japan) attached to a compound microscope and scanning electron microscope. ...
During a survey of fungal species in South Korea, a species of Volutella ciliata was isolated and described based on the analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of its rDNA and its morphological characteristics. This is the first record of Volutella ciliata isolated from crop field soil in Korea. Volutella is a widespread genus of the Nectriaceae family with significant morphological and ecological diversity among the members. Approximately 120 described species of Volutella have been identified from various parts of the world [1]. Volutella spp. grow in diverse habitats—in soil as facultative plant pathogens and as saprophytes and decomposers on plant debris. The fungus Volutella pachysandricola causes Volutella blight (sometimes called leaf blight and stem canker) on Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) [2]. Chilton [3] found Volutella colletotrichoides to be a facultative plant pathogen on the stems and leaves of alfalfa, and provided evidence that Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Trifolium pratense (red clover), and Lotus corniculatus (bird's foot trefoil) were susceptible to infection by this organism. Boxwood Volutella stem blight or canker is another very destructive disease caused by the fungus Volutella buxi on boxwood (Buxus spp.) [4]. It has been proposed that the metabolic detoxification capabilities of Volutella ciliata protect plants against potentially toxic compounds in the soil [5]. Osono and Takeda [6] reported that V. ciliata plays an important role in plant litter decomposition in forest ecosystems through soil nutrient recycling and accumulation of organic matter in soil. However, the genus Volutella is poorly researched and no modern monograph is available despite the common occurrence and broad distribution of these species. During an investigation of soil fungi in Korea, a V. ciliata strain was isolated from the crop field soils of the Gangwon-do province. This fungus, to the best of our knowledge, had not been previously reported in Korea. The objectives of this study were to characterize this fungus morphologically and to determine its phylogenetic placement by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. The fungus was isolated from crop field soil, collected (up to 0~15 cm) from Gangwon-do province. The fungus was isolated by the dilution method [7]. The dilution was plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) supplemented with 100 µg chloramphenicol (bacteriostat) per mL. The plates were incubated for 7 days at 24
Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced during cyanobacterial blooms. They reach soil and translocated to plants through irrigation of agricultural land with water from MC-impacted freshwater systems. To date we have good understanding of MC effects on plants, but not for their effects on plant-associated microbiota. We tested the hypothesis that MC-LR, either alone or with other stressors present in the water of the Karla reservoir (a low ecological quality and MC-impacted freshwater system), would affect radish plants and their rhizospheric and phyllospheric microbiome. In this context a pot experiment was employed where radish plants were irrigated with tap water without MC-LR (control) or with 2 or 12 μg L⁻¹ of pure MC-LR (MC2 and MC12), or water from the Karla reservoir amended (12 μg L⁻¹) or not with MC-LR. We measured MC levels in plants and rhizospheric soil and we determined effects on (i) plant growth and physiology (ii) the nitrifying microorganisms via q-PCR, (ii) the diversity of bacterial and fungal rhizospheric and epiphytic communities via amplicon sequencing. MC-LR and/or Karla water treatments resulted in the accumulation of MC in taproot at levels (480–700 ng g⁻¹) entailing possible health risks. MC did not affect plant growth or physiology and it did not impose a consistent inhibitory effect on soil nitrifiers. Karla water rather than MC-LR was the stronger determinant of the rhizospheric and epiphytic microbial communities, suggesting the presence of biotic or abiotic stressors, other than MC-LR, in the water of the Karla reservoir which affect microorganisms with a potential role (i.e. pathogens inhibition, methylotrophy) in the homeostasis of the plant-soil system. Overall, our findings suggest that MC-LR, when applied at environmentally relevant concentrations, is not expected to adversely affect the radish-microbiota system but might still pose risk for consumers' health.
Aquatic hyphomycetes equipped with a rich array of extracellular enzymes are involved in bioremediation of anthropogenic pollutants, plastics, aromatic contaminants and petroleum hydrocarbons. The current study contributes to the knowledge of the aquatic hyphomycetes in Iran. Sampling was conducted in Anzali lagoon, Gilan province, Iran during 2017. Among 55 fungal isolates obtained during this study, eight species including Arthrobotrys oligosporus, Ceratorhiza hydrophila, Fusarium cf. ensiforme, F. incarnatum species complex, Myrmecridium schulzeri, Paecilomyces variotii, Sarocladium subulatum, and Volutella citrinella were identified based on morphological characteristics. Furthermore, three species assigned to the genera Arthrobotrys, Fusarium and Sarocladium remained unidentified. Molecular studies using mainly ITS, LSU and SSU rDNA and in some cases B-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-a (tef1) determined the position of the isolates among closely related species. The occurrence of members of Fusarium, Sarocladium, and Ceratorhiza, known as rice disease agents, in freshwater ecosystems is interesting. This is the first report of aquatic hyphomycetes communities in Anzali lagoon from Iran. Sarocladium subulatum, Myrmecridium schulzeri, and Volutella citrinella are reported for the first time from Iran.
Resumen Estudios desarrollados en el grupo BIOMA de la Universidad de Antioquia, mostraron como el hongo Purpureocillium sp. (cepa UdeA0106) puede biocontrolar una plaga conocida como sínfilos (subfilo Myriapoda: clase Symphyla). Este trabajo buscó identificar géneros de hongos anamórficos, aislados de diferentes sustratos (sínfilos y suelos) para determinar la capacidad antagónica de estos, así como de cepas de una colección de hongos biocontroladores sobre Purpureocillium sp. (cepa UdeA0106). A partir de sínfilos se registraron 9 cepas distribuidas en 3 géneros, y en suelo, 17 cepas correspondientes a 10 géneros. Las pruebas de antagonismo consistieron en una prueba in vitro empleando la técnica de cultivo dual en cajas de Petri con agar sabouraud dextrosa (SDA) utilizando 16 cepas: 12 provenientes de los aislamientos y 4 del cepario del grupo BIOMA. Las variables evaluadas fueron el radio de crecimiento en los enfrentamientos y el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) a los 7 y 14 días. El análisis se realizó con ® un modelo mixto lineal generalizado mediante Proc GLIMMIX SAS de manera independiente. El hongo Purpureocillium sp. (cepa UdeA0106) fue inhibido por Volutella sp. (Vo.UdeA0109), Paecilomyces sp. aislado 2 (Pa.UdeA0109) y Peyronella sp. (Pe.UdeA0108) (p < 0,001), mientras que el resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo con las cepas Beauveria sp. (Be.UdeA0109), Dendrodochium sp. (De.UdeA0109), Myrothecium sp. (Mi.UdeA0109), Paecilomyces sp. aislado 1 (Pa.UdeA0309), Paecilomyces sp., aislado 3 (Pa.UdeA0209), Lecanicillium sp. (Le.UdeA0109) y Purpureocillium sp. (Hy.UdeA0109). El análisis muestra que pueden presentarse interacciones entre cepas de hongos con resultados no deseados a la hora de realizar actividades de control.
