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Pteris exigua, an endemic species from the Tucumano-Boliviano forests, northwestern Argentina, is described and distinguished from similar
species of Pteris that occur in this region.
Key Wordsdiversity–endemism–flora–fern
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As part of the projects that investigates the diversity of ferns in Argentina (www.floraargentina.edu.ar) and their conservation status, at least five populations of Pteris tremula were registered growing naturally in the Argentinian coast of Río de la Plata; mainly associated with the gallery forests that border the watercourses, locally called ma...
Citations
... The genus has been treated in regional American floras by Legrand and Lombardo (1958), Scamman (1961), Vareschi (1968Vareschi ( -1969, Stolze (1981), Mickel and Beitel (1988), Tryon and Stolze (1989), Díaz-Barriga and Palacios-Rios (1992), Palacios-Rios (1992), Nauman (1993), Marticorena and Rodríguez Rios (1995), Moran (1995), Palacios-Rios et al. (2000), Lellinger (1989), Mickel and Smith (2004), Gómez and Arbeláez (2009) as well as in partial revisions of the genus (Prado & Windisch 2000;Prado & Smith 2002;Martínez 2011). New species have been described in the last decade (Smith & Prado 2004;Rojas Alvarado & Palacios-Ríos 2006;Martínez & Prado 2011;Testo et al. 2015). ...
... Nayar and Devi (1966) mentioned and illustrated it by LM in the Chinese P. insignis Mett. ex Kuhn; among the South American species, this type of spore with a commissural flange is also present in P. exigua O.G.Martínez et J. Prado (Martínez & Prado 2011), P. inermis (Rosenst.) de la Sota (Tanco et al. 2009), P. coriacea Desv. ...
Spore morphology of 25 Mexican and Central American species in Pteris were studied. This was accomplished using scanning electron and light microscopy. Spores are trilete, tetrahedral, with plane or slightly convex proximal faces, concave only occasionally, and convex or hemispherical distal faces. In addition to these general features and size, we also considered the following traits: (a) cingulum; (b) presence of a commissural flange; (c) types of macro-ornamentation; (d) ornamentation in distal and proximal faces. In general, distal and proximal faces of Pteris spores are divided by a circumfluent cingulum, lacking ornamentation, infrequently not well defined, or interrupted. The laesura have a commissural flange in almost half of the studied species. The most common macro-ornamentation is muriform, less frequently steliform or buliform. Ornamentation is usually different on both sides of the spore. In most of the studied species occasional to abundant globules are present on the spore surface. The combination of these traits allows us to recognise six spore types, which are described in detail. These spore types disagree with groups of species of Neotropical Pteris previously studied using other characteristics (mainly frond architecture and molecular data). Our results show that the use of spore characteristics can help clarify infrageneric taxonomy in Pteris.
... Pteris species are mainly found as terrestrials but some species are typical inhabitants of rock crevices and occasionally epiphytes. Of the fourteen Pteris species occuring in Argentina, eleven are native and three are naturalized (Sota 1977, Sota et al. 2001, Sota & Ponce 1992, Martínez 2011, Martínez & Prado 2011, Martínez & Sota 2005) and most of them feature glabrous laminae and free venation. This paper describes a new species of Pteris with hairy laminae and areolate venation that is endemic in the Tucuman-Bolivian Forest of northwestern Argentina. ...
... Pteris species are mainly found as terrestrials but some species are typical inhabitants of rock crevices and occasionally epiphytes. Of the fourteen Pteris species occuring in Argentina, eleven are native and three are naturalized (Sota 1977, Sota et al. 2001, Sota & Ponce 1992, Martínez 2011, Martínez & Prado 2011, Martínez & Sota 2005) and most of them feature glabrous laminae and free venation. This paper describes a new species of Pteris with hairy laminae and areolate venation that is endemic in the Tucuman–Bolivian Forest of northwestern Argentina. ...
... Pteris species are mainly found as terrestrials but some species are typical inhabitants of rock crevices and occasionally epiphytes. Of the fourteen Pteris species occuring in Argentina, eleven are native and three are naturalized (Sota 1977, Sota et al. 2001, Sota & Ponce 1992, Martínez 2011, Martínez & Prado 2011, Martínez & Sota 2005) and most of them feature glabrous laminae and free venation. This paper describes a new species of Pteris with hairy laminae and areolate venation that is endemic in the Tucuman-Bolivian Forest of northwestern Argentina. ...
This paper describes Pteris sotae, a new endemic fern species from the Tucuman–Bolivian Forest in northwestern Argentina. This species is easily distinguished by its hairy laminae and areolate venation. A distribution map and photographs are provided.
... Por ello, requieren mayor precisión para definir su valor como indicador de las condiciones ambientales del pasado. La información disponible sobre los helechos está enfocada a descripciones morfológicas de las esporas y/o ecología de la planta (de la Sota, 1977, Morbelli, 1980Morbelli & Ponce, 1997, Graf, 1985, Tanco et al., 2009, Morbelli & Giudice, 2010Martínez & Prado, 2011, Martínez et al., 2013, Ganem et al., 2013b que ayudan a la identificación, pero poco se sabe sobre su presencia y transporte en la atmósfera. Según Rodríguez de la Cruz et al. (2010), las esporas de helechos se encuentran escasamente representadas en el aire en comparación a los granos de polen y esporas fúngicas. ...
... Un aspecto significativo del registro, es que se han encontrado en el aire del área de estudio, esporas pertenecientes a plantas no registradas en los relevamientos de vegetación (BMJ, inédito), como Pteris deflexa, P. exigua, P. inermis y Pecluma sp. Según Tanco et al., 2009, Martínez & Prado, 2011, Martínez et al., 2013y Giudice et al., 2004 las especies mencionadas tienen una distribución y ecología que indican que el ambiente del área es favorable para su crecimiento. Por lo tanto, no se descarta que estén presentes en la vegetación pero que aún no hayan sido detectadas. ...
... Por lo tanto, no se descarta que estén presentes en la vegetación pero que aún no hayan sido detectadas. Estas especies son importantes por ser endémicas (Martínez & Prado, 2011) y por su vulnerabilidad desde el punto de vista de la conservación (Giudice et al., 2011). En este sentido, se considera que la metodología empleada resultó una herramienta eficiente para revelar la presencia de especies de importancia ecológica (Benninghoff, 1991, Ferretti, 2009. ...
El objetivo del trabajo fue registrar la riqueza de esporas de helechos presentes en trampas
aerobiológicas, analizar su representación relativa y la tasa de depósito atmosférico anual, sobre el
gradiente de transición entre Selva Montana y Bosque Montano de las Yungas del Noroeste Argentino
(1900 m-2600 m s.n.m.). Sobre la transecta altitudinal, se ubicaron 5 trampas Tauber que permanecieron
en campo por un año (agosto 2011-agosto 2012). Se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales
(ACP) para determinar las asociaciones de esporas de helechos de cada nivel altitudinal. El registro
incluye 11 tipos de esporas (Adiantum sp., Asplenium sp., Anemia sp., Cheilanthes squamosa,
Microgramma squamulosa, Pecluma sp., Polystichum sp., Pteridaceae indeterminada, Pteris exigua,
Pteris deflexa, Pteris inermis) que reflejan parcialmente la flora local del sotobosque. Las esporas de
helechos representan 31% del total de especies (polen y esporas), mientras que la abundancia relativa,
respecto de la tasa de acumulación total (4567,7 propágulos cm-2 año-1), representa el 6,17% (275,3
esporas cm-2 año-1). El ACP permitió reconocer las asociaciones de esporas para cada nivel altitudinal.
Esto permite ampliar el conocimiento del ambiente actual y sirve como información de referencia para
estudios paleoambientales de la región. El estudio aporta datos preliminares sobre la tasa de depósito
de esporas de helechos de las Yungas, logrando avances en el conocimiento del grupo vegetal, poco
conocido desde el punto de vista aerobiológico.
... Por ello, requieren mayor precisión para definir su valor como indicador de las condiciones ambientales del pasado. La información disponible sobre los helechos está enfocada a descripciones morfológicas de las esporas y/o ecología de la planta (de la Sota, 1977, Morbelli, 1980Morbelli & Ponce, 1997, Graf, 1985, Tanco et al., 2009, Morbelli & Giudice, 2010Martínez & Prado, 2011, Martínez et al., 2013, Ganem et al., 2013b que ayudan a la identificación, pero poco se sabe sobre su presencia y transporte en la atmósfera. Según Rodríguez de la Cruz et al. (2010), las esporas de helechos se encuentran escasamente representadas en el aire en comparación a los granos de polen y esporas fúngicas. ...
... Un aspecto significativo del registro, es que se han encontrado en el aire del área de estudio, esporas pertenecientes a plantas no registradas en los relevamientos de vegetación (BMJ, inédito), como Pteris deflexa, P. exigua, P. inermis y Pecluma sp. Según Tanco et al., 2009, Martínez & Prado, 2011, Martínez et al., 2013y Giudice et al., 2004 las especies mencionadas tienen una distribución y ecología que indican que el ambiente del área es favorable para su crecimiento. Por lo tanto, no se descarta que estén presentes en la vegetación pero que aún no hayan sido detectadas. ...
... Por lo tanto, no se descarta que estén presentes en la vegetación pero que aún no hayan sido detectadas. Estas especies son importantes por ser endémicas (Martínez & Prado, 2011) y por su vulnerabilidad desde el punto de vista de la conservación (Giudice et al., 2011). En este sentido, se considera que la metodología empleada resultó una herramienta eficiente para revelar la presencia de especies de importancia ecológica (Benninghoff, 1991, Ferretti, 2009. ...
The aim of this work was to record the fern spores biological richness, to analyze their relative representation as well as their annual atmospheric deposit rate present in aerobiological traps, on a gradient transition in the Montane Forest of Yungas from Northwest Argentina (1900 m-2600 m a.s.l.). On the altitudinal transect, 5 Tauber traps were placed during a whole year (august 2011-august 2012). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the spore assemblages for each altitudinal level. The record includes 11 spore types (Adiantum sp., Anemia sp., Asplenium sp., Chellanthes squamosa, Micro gramma squamulosa, Pecluma sp., Polystichum sp., Pteridaceae indeterminate, Pteris exigua, Pteris deflexa, Pteris inermis) that partially reflect the local flora of the forest understory. Ferns represent 31% of the total species recorded (both pollen and fern spores), while their relative contribution to the total accumulation rate (4567, 7 propagules cm(-2) year(-1)), was 6.17% (275.3 spores cm(-2) year(-1)). The PCA allowed recognizing the spore's associations for each altitudinal level. The study contributes with preliminary deposit rates of fern spores, achieving advances in the knowledge of their aerobiological characteristics. This expands the knowledge of the current environment and serves as reference information for paleoenvironmental studies of the region. The study provides preliminary data on the rate of deposition of fern spores of the Yungas, making progress in the knowledge of the plant group, scarcely known from the aerobiological point of view.
A new species of Pellaea (Pteridaceae) from Northwestern Argentina is described and illustrated. It is similar to P. ternifolia but differs in pinnae division, petiole stele, segment apex, indusium margin and epidermal
cells shape.
We studied the petiole structure of twelve American species of Pteris: P. ciliaris, P. cretica, P. deflexa, P. denticulata, P. ensiformis, P. exigua, P. inermis, P. multifida, P. mutilata, P. quadriaurita, P. tristicula and P. vittata, using both light and scanning electron microscopy. We found that petioles are characterized externally by the presence of an adaxial groove and two dorsal-lateral ventilation areas. Internally, petioles are monostelic V-, U- or inverted-Ω-shaped axes. The vascular system is surrounded by one endodermis cell layer and 1–3 pericycle strata. We propose a classification of the vascular bundles into four types considering their shape, the shape of the xylem ends, the number of protoxylem zones and the presence of parenchyma bands in the xylem.
The phytogeography of Ferns and Lycophytes in the Lerma Valley (Salta, Argentina) is here analyzed, represented by seven Lycophytes and 95 fern taxa respectively, with indication of their usual habitat and biogeographical distribution according to the different vegetation units. The highest diversity corresponds, in decreasing order, to the Montane Rain Forest (67 taxa), Montane Deciduous Forest (66), Piedmont Forest (54) and High Altitude Grassland (32), whereas the lowest is registered in the Sierra Chaco Forest (18). An ordered table is presented, in which 12 fern floristic groups are established according to their phytogeographical affinity. Among them, three floristic groups are relevant because they are exclusive to the Sierra Chaco Forest, the Piedmont Forest and the High Altitude Grassland, whereas the most diverse floristic group corresponds to the species in common between the Montane Rain Forest and the Montane Deciduous Forest, probably because of the particular environmental conditions of their understory microclimate. The fern and lycophytes flora of the Lerma Valley comprises about
50 % of the equivalent flora of the Salta Province, pointing out its important biodiversity. The analysis of distribution of ferns and lycophytes, in floristic-ecological groups, confirms the assumptions based on previous phytogeographical studies of vegetation unities in dominia as chaqueño, amazonico and the new dominium of the Seasonally Dry Neotropical Forests.
