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Spores: a) Lindtneria trachyspora MA-Fungi 47773; b) L. trachyspora MA-Fungi 47774; c) L. trachyspora MA-Fungi 47775; d) Stephanospora caroticolor MA-Fungi 47686. (Bar figs 1-3= 1 μm; Bar fig. 4= 5 μm).
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The relationship between Lindtneria trachyspora, with resupinoid basidiomes, and Stephanospora caroticolor, with sequestrate basidiomes, is discussed. Analyses of the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8 S ribosomal DNA sequences confirm the morphological and chemical affinities established by early authors. Key words—Stereales, Russulales, Stephanosporaceae, Lindtn...
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... shown in Fig. 1, the spores in both taxa are globose, spinulose with peri-appendicular corona. Lindtneria trachyspora is the only species of this genus in Europe with globose and spinulose spores. Spores of the other two species mentioned in Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993), L. leucobryophila (Henn.) Jülich and L. flava Parm., are ellipsoid and warted. ...
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... Stephanospora Patouillard (1914a: 349) is a genus within the Stephanosporaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), with sequestrate basidiomata closely related to Lindtneria Pilát (1938: 72) based upon similar basidiospore ornamentation in these genera (Oberwinkler & Horak 1979, Martín et al. 2004, Lebel et al. 2015. Most of the sequestrate members of the family have been reported from temperate and tropical forests in Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Spain, Italy, and Mexico (Castellano et al. 1986, 2007, Palacios & Lakisbar 1991, Pegler et al. 1993, Montecchi & Sarasini 2000, Vidal 2005, Fraiture & Novelo 2013, Guevara-Guerrero et al. 2015, Lebel et al. 2015. ...
Stephanospora xibalba is described from the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, based on morphological and molecular data. This species is characterized by the small red-orange basidiomata, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (6.8–11.6 × 6.3–9.5 µm) with a small (3.2–4.5 × 1–1.5 µm) partial corona, and the association with Gymnopodium floribundum.
... Oberwinkler & Horak (1979) noticed the morphological similarities between Lindtneria and the gastroid genus Stephanospora Patouillard (1914: 349) that also has the cyanophilous and ornamented basidiospores, and proposed a new family Stephanosporaceae to accommodate these two genera. Their relationship was later confirmed by molecular analyses, which also showed that Stephanosporaceae is a member of Agaricales and also includes the corticioid genera Athelidium Oberwinkler (1965: 62) and Cristinia Parmasto (1968a: 47) (Martin et al. 2004;Larsson 2007;Lebel et al. 2015). Until now, 13 species are accepted in Lindtneria, among which three species, L. chordulata, L. flava, and L. trachyspora are recorded in China (Dai 2011(Dai , 2012. ...
Lindtneria asiae-orientalis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. This fungus is characterized by buff-yellow to orange-yellow poroid hymenophores, septate generative hyphae with or without clamps, and relatively small ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (5.8–7 × 4.7–5.2 μm). Phylogenetic analyses based on three rDNA gene regions (ITS, nLSU and tef1-α) support Lindtneria asiae-orientalis as a distinct species within the family Stephanosporaceae.
... Oberwinkler & Horak (1979) appropriately included it in a new family, Stephanosporaceae, aligned with the resupinate polypore Lindtneria, based on the strong similarity in spore structure, particularly the basal corona. Analyses of molecular data have since confirmed strong support for Stephanospora and Lindtneria as sister taxa in one family, Stephanosporaceae (Agaricales;Lynch & Thorne 2006;Larsson 2007), rather than separating them into two families as J€ ulich (1981) had proposed (Martin et al. 2004). The resupinate polypores Cristinia, Athelidium, and Cyanobasidium are also considered to belong to Stephanosporaceae (Oberwinkler 1965;Hjortstam & Grosse-Brauckmann 1993;Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2005;Kirk et al. 2008), even though spores of the first two taxa lack ornamentation, and all three lack a corona (Figs 1 and 2). ...
... The 3-gene phylogeny presented in this study (Figs 3 and 4) is consistent with current classifications of genera within the family Stephanosporaceae (Agaricales), with a strongly supported core of Cristinia (Clade I), Lindtneria (Clade II), and Stephanospora (Clade III). Preliminary molecular data had suggested that Mayamontana (Castellano et al. 2007) and L. trachyspora (Martin et al. 2004) were more closely related to Stephanospora caroticolor than other taxa within Stephanosporaceae. Mayamontana coccolobae spores resemble immature spores of Stephanospora (although even immature spores have some ornamentation and indication of a corona) or Cristinia which are smooth and thick-walled (Figs 1 and 2). ...
Historically a single name, Stephanospora flava, was applied to all collections of Stephanospora in Australasia. We used morphological characters with molecular support to differentiate and describe nine novel cryptic species, and refine the circumscription of S. flava. Stephanospora flava is herein restricted to bispored collections from Tasmania, and the quadrisporic Stephanospora tetraspora is raised to species level. Six species (four new) are endemic to Australia, S. flava s.s, S. tetraspora comb. nov., Stephanospora sheoak, Stephanospora cribbae, Stephanospora hystrispora, and Stephanospora occidentiaustralis. Three species Stephanospora poropingao, Stephanospora pounamu, and Stephanospora kanuka are endemic to New Zealand; and one species, Stephanospora aorangi occurs in both Australia and New Zealand. Two other new species, Stephanospora novae-caledoniae and Stephanospora papua, are endemic to New Caledonia or Papua New Guinea, respectively. Analyses of three nuclear gene regions (ITS, ef-1, and LSU) are consistent with current classifications of the family Stephanosporaceae. Athelidium aurantiacum is an outlier, with a strongly supported core of Cristinia (Clade I), Lindtneria (Clade II), Stephanospora, Mayamontana, and Lindtneria trachyspora (Clade III), and a novel lineage of environmental and sporocarp sequences (Clade IV). Taxonomic and nomenclatural issues raised by the presence of both type species of Stephanospora (Stephanospora caroticolor) and Lindtneria (L. trachyspora) in the same clade are discussed.
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... For DNA extraction, mycelium was grown as a drop cultures (Cerenius and Sӧderhall, 1985) and from them, genomic DNA was extracted using an E.Z.N.A.-Fungal DNA Miniprep Kit (Omega Biotek, Doraville, USA) as described by Martín and García -Figueres (1999). DNA fragments containing internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 including 5.8S gene of the nuclear DNA was amplified with primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) primers as described by Martin et al. (2004). Nucleotide BLASTN searches with option Standard nucleotide BLAST and BLASTN 2.6 were used to compare the sequence obtained against the sequences from the National Centre of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide databases. ...
Investigations of occurrence of Saprolegnia diclina from four limnocrenic springs of rivers within the Białystok where eggs of Carassius carassius were the bait were done. Identification of isolates was accomplished on the basis of their vegetative, asexual reproduction, generative organs and by studying the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2). S. diclina occurred in 29 (60.4%) [10(20.1%) in spring, 4 (8.3%) in summer, 11 (23.0%) in autumn and 4 (8.3%) in winter, 2005] of the 48 examined water samples. The results indicate the sequence comparisons of two ITS nuclear DNA for species identification: S. diclina. The results indicate that the sequence of our isolate correspond to S. diclina. It is very important that this study represents the first isolation (on the basis of molecular features) of S. diclina in fresh waters in Poland.
... For DNA extraction, mycelium was grown as drop cultures (Cerenius and Sӧderhall, 1985) and from them, genomic DNA was extracted using an Easy Nucleic Acid® (EZNA) (Fungal DNA Miniprep Kit (Omega Biotek, Doraville, USA) as described in the study of Martín and García-Figueres (1999). DNA fragments containing internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 including 5.8S gene of the nuclear DNA was amplified with primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) primers as described in Martin et al., (2004). Nucleotide BLASTN searches with option Standard nucleotide BLAST and BLASTN 2.6 were used to compare the sequence obtained against the sequences in the National Centre of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide databases. ...
Investigations into occurrence of fungus Aphanomyces frigidophilus in water of springs Dojlidy Górne, Jaroszówka and Pietrasze within the town Białystok in Podlasie Province, Poland were conducted in Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn of the year 2005. Samples were processed in the laboratory by routine methods commonly used to isolate these organisms. Bait method with the use of hemp seeds Cannabis sativa, small pieces of snake skin Natrix natrix and exuviae of shrimp Gammarus sp. as bait was applied to isolate the fungus Aphanomyces frigidophilus from the springs. The isolate was maintained on Potato Dextrose Agar PDA and stored in the culture collection of the Real Jardín Botánico CSIC Madrid, Spain. Aphanomyces frigidophilus occurred in 18 [(6)16.7%) in Winter, 3(8.3%) in Spring, 2(5.6%) in Summer, 7(19.4%) in Autumn, 2005] of the examined water samples. In Spring Dojlidy Górne it was very common and was found in all research seasons. The isolate was characterized by studding sequencing the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear DNA (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2). The results indicated the sequence comparisons of two ITS nuclear DNA for species identification: Aphanomyces frigidophilus 18S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence, internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence and 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. The results indicated the sequence of our isolate corresponded to the species Aphanomyces frigidophilus (AY647192, version AY647192.1; GI: 48766837).
... On peut imaginer qu'au cours de ce processus, ces structures se soient déplacées et que l'apicule se retrouve finalement au centre de la plage hilaire et donc de la couronne. La proximité des genres Lindtneria et Stephano spora a d'ailleurs été confirmée dans la suite, tant par l'étude des pigments que par les analyses moléculaires (Martín et al. 2004) et leur réunion dans la famille des Stephanosporaceae semble aujourd'hui acceptée par de très nombreux auteurs (e.a. Ginns & Lefebvre 1993, Ginns 1998, Kirk et al. 2008, Larsson 2007 ; ce dernier auteur y adjoint notamment les genres Athelidium et Cristinia). ...
... Certains auteurs récents la rangent dans l'ordre des Russulales (e.a. Martín et al. 2004, Cannon & Kirk 2007, le site « Dictionary of the Fungi Hierarchy » du CABI, ? Hibbett & Thorn 2001), d'autres la placent plutôt dans les Agaricales (Larsson 2007, Tedersoo et al. 2010, d'autres encore dans les Stephanosporales (Larsen 1986et 2000, Dománski 1991. ...
... 49) et Oberwinkler & Horak (1979) appartiennent très probablement à L. pterospora. Note -La spore présentée par Martín et al. (2004: fig. 1c) montre un apicule dressé dans l'axe de la spore et isolé au centre de la couronne. ...
A synopsis of Lindtneria is proposed, mainly based on a critical compilation of the literature. It contains a discussion on the relationships between the genera Lindtneria, Mycolindtneria, Cyanobasidium, Cyanohypha and Botryohypochnus and on the position of the genus Lindtneria in the systematics. The main characters of Lindtneria are listed. Then nomenclature and diagnostic characters are given for each species of the genus. An identification key is proposed (with English translation).
... For this purpose, mycelium was grown as drop cultures (Cerenius and Söderhäll 1985), and genomic DNA was extracted from these cultures using an E.Z.N.A. Fungal DNA Miniprep Kit (Omega Bio-Tek, Doraville, GA, USA). DNA fragments containing the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 including 5.8S were amplified with the primer pair ITS5/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), as described in Martín et al. (2004). Nucleotide BLASTN searches performed with the standard nucleotide BLAST (BLASTN 2.6) option were used to compare the sequences obtained with those available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide databases. ...
Many amphibians are known to suffer embryonic die-offs as a consequence of Saprolegnia infections; however, little is known about the action mechanisms of Saprolegnia and the host-pathogen relationships. In this study, we have isolated and characterized the species of Saprolegnia responsible for infections of embryos of natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) and Western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes) in mountainous areas of Central Spain. We also assessed the influence of the developmental stage within the embryonic period on the susceptibility to the Saprolegnia species identified. Only one strain of Saprolegnia was isolated from B. calamita and identified as S. diclina. For P. cultripes, both S. diclina and S. ferax were identified. Healthy embryos of both amphibian species suffered increased mortality rates when exposed to the Saprolegnia strains isolated from individuals of the same population. Embryonic developmental stage was crucial in determining the sensitivity of embryos to Saprolegnia infection. The mortalities of P. cultripes and B. calamita embryos exposed at Gosner stages 15 (rotation) and 19 (heart beating) were almost total 72 h after challenge with Saprolegnia, while those exposed at stage 12 (late gastrula) showed no significant effects at that time. This is the first study to demonstrate the role of embryonic development on the sensitivity of amphibians to Saprolegnia.
... Genomic DNA was extracted from these cultures using an E.Z.N.A-Fungi DNA miniprep kit (Omega Biotek, Doraville, GA). DNA fragments containing internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 including 5.8S were amplified and sequenced with primer pair ITS5/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) as described in Martín et al. (2004). Nucleotide BLASTN searches with option standard nucleotide BLAST of BLASTN 2.6 were used to compare the sequences obtained against the sequences in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide databases. ...
The fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) Saccardo (1881) was found to be the cause of infections in the eggs of the sea turtle species Caretta caretta in Boavista Island, Cape Verde. Egg shells with early and severe symptoms of infection, as well as diseased embryos were sampled from infected nests. Twenty-five isolates with similar morphological characteristics were obtained. Their ITS rRNA gene sequences were similar to the GenBank sequences corresponding to F. solani and their maximum identity ranged from 95% to 100%. Phylogenetic parsimony and Bayesian analyses of these isolates showed that they belong to a single F. solani clade and that they are distributed in two subclades named A and C (the latter containing 23 out of 25). A representative isolate of subclade C was used in challenge inoculation experiments to test Koch postulates. Mortality rates were c. 83.3% in challenged eggs and 8.3% in the control. Inoculated challenged eggs exhibited the same symptoms as infected eggs found in the field. Thus, this work demonstrates that a group of strains of F. solani are responsible for the symptoms observed on turtle-nesting beaches, and that they represent a risk for the survival of this endangered species.
... Genomic DNA was extracted from the four collections using less that 10 mg of basidiomes with E.Z.N.A.-Fungi DNA miniprep kit (Omega Biotek, Doraville, USA). DNA fragments containing internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 including 5.8S nrDNA, were amplified with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 (White & al., 1990) primers as described in Martín & al. (2004). Prior to sequencing, the amplification products were cleaned using QIAquick Gel PCR purification kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, California, USA). ...
On the base of morphologic and molecular studies, a new species of the genus Lagarobasidium (Aphyllophorales, Basi - diomycota), is described and illustrated. This new species was collected on Pico Island (Azores) and is characterized by having two types of cystidia, clavate leptocystidia and cylindrical skeletocystidia, and smooth, thick-walled spores. It is compared with Lagarobasidium detriticum (Bourdot) Jülich and L. cymosum (D.P. Rogers & H.S. Jacks.) Jülich, until now the only two species of the genus.
Sobre la base de estudios morfológicos y moleculares se describe e ilustra una nueva especie dentro del género Lagarobasidium (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota). Esta nueva especie, recolectada en la isla de Pico (Azores), se caracteriza por presentar dos tipos de cistidios, leptocistidios claviformes y esqueletocistidios cilíndricos, y esporas lisas con paredes gruesas. Se compara con Lagarobasidium detriticum (Bourdot) Jülich y L. cymosum (D.P. Rogers & H.S. Jacks.) Jülich, las otras dos especies del género.
... For DNA extraction, mycelium was grown as drop cultures (Cerenius & Söderhäll, 1985), and from them, genomic DNA was extracted using an E.Z.N.A-fungi DNA miniprep kit (Omega Biotek, Doraville, USA). DNA fragments containing internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 including 5.8S were amplified with primer pair ITS5/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) as described in Martín et al. (2004). Nucleotide BLASTN searches with option Standard nucleotide BLAST of BLASTN 2.6 were used to compare the sequence obtained against the sequences in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide databases. ...
Many amphibians are known to suffer embryonic die-offs as a consequence of an emergent disease known as 'Saprolegnia infections'. Thus far, the only species of Saprolegnia shown to be involved in natural infections is Saprolegnia ferax. In this study, we have isolated and characterized another Saprolegnia species responsible for 'Saprolegnia infections' on embryos of Bufo calamita in mountainous areas of central Spain. The strain was identified as belonging to Saprolegnia diclina based on morphological, physiological and molecular characters (sequencing of the internal transcribed region of ribosomal DNA). Zoospores of the new strain were able to infect embryos of Bufo calamita, and the symptoms observed were the same as those observed in natural infections. The results presented emphasize the need to carry out isolations and characterizations of the species and/or strains involved in this emergent disease. This will be important in order to design strategies to prevent the impact and spread of species (or strains) pathogenic to amphibians.
