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![Fig. 2. Cross section of a series hybrid excitation machine [3].](profile/Yacine-Amara-2/publication/3872849/figure/fig2/AS:375103012524041@1466442935427/Cross-section-of-a-series-hybrid-excitation-machine-3_Q320.jpg)
Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines are able to operate
over a wide range of speeds at constant power through the use of control
laws allowing for flux weakening. Generally, this is performed by
applying a strong demagnetizing current in the d-axis, yet such an
approach involves the risk of irreversible magnet demagnetization and,
consequent...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... have described above the way of flux weakening the ma- chine through a cycle of operating; the excitation coil can also be used to reinforce the magnet flux. In Fig. 14, we can see the no-load flux lines for a given exci- tation current in presence of the magnet. Fig. 15 displays the no-load total flux variation and the av- erage induction of the flux crossing the path (see Fig. 14) as a function of the excitation current. The no-load flux is calculated by finite-element computation in presence of the magnet. The case tackled here corresponds to a conjunction's ...
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Citations
... Furthermore, topologies with PMs in the rotor and field windings in the stator have also been put forward. It was demonstrated in [21] and [22] that by adding auxiliary dc windings in the stator, the proposed parallel HE machines shows superior flux-weakening capability and efficiency than regular PM machines. Moreover, several structures with both excitation sources allocated in the stator were also developed based on doubly-salient PM machines [23], [24], FSPM machines [25]- [27], switched reluctance machines [28], [29], magnetic geared machine [30], respectively. ...
A novel hybrid excitation flux reversal machine (HEFRM) is developed for application in electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. The proposed machine has a simple reluctance rotor and a stator with conventional ac armature windings and concentrated dc field windings. Besides, there are also permanent magnets (PMs) on the stator teeth. The PMs on each tooth have the same polarity, and the PMs on the adjacent two teeth have different polarities. In this paper, the feasible slot-pole combinations and equivalent circuits of the HEFRM are introduced, and the influences of several key design parameters such as rotor slot number, ratio of field winding to total winding, ferromagnetic pole arc, stator slot opening ratio and rotor slot opening ratio on torque density and power factor are investigated by finite element algorithm (FEA). Moreover, to verity the advantages of the hybrid excitation, the torque-speed envelop and power factor-speed envelop of the proposed HEFRM are compared to that of its solely PM excited counterpart. Finally, a HEFRM prototype is built and tested to validate the theoretical analysis.
... The excitation flux is created by two different sources, one is permanent magnet, another wound (in most cases) [4] or permanent magnets (the mechanical weakening) [5], the aim being to use the second excitation source to control the flow in the gap Depending on how the two circuits are arranged excitement there are several types of machines with double excitation. We have classified into two categories: double excitation synchronous parallel machines double excitation synchronous series machines ...
... A varied panorama of solutions exists in the literature [4,-9], the following is an example for illustration. We can see the diagram of a double parallel excitation in Figure 123456789. For this type of excitation, the permanent magnets and the coil are at the rotor. ...
... The schematic diagram of this type of double excitation is given in figure 2 [5]. For this type of double excitation, the flow through the excitation coil magnets. ...
This paper describes the electric parameters determination for Synchronous Motor with Dual Excitation, using the joined method analytic/finite elements. Indeed several models of mutual and principal inductances and electric motor constant are developed analytically and validated by the finite elements method. These models are fortunately parameterized allowing to the formulation of several optimization problems such as the motor ripple torque.
... 1(a)]. Double excitation machines are synchronous machines where two excitation field sources coexist [1], [2]: permanent magnets and wound field excitation. ...
... The HESM combines the advantages of the PM machines and the wound rotor synchronous machine. The excitation flux in this machine is produced by two different sources: permanent magnets and a DC field winding that is placed at the stator to preserve a brushless structure [5] [6]. The latter source is used to control the flux in the air gap with a minimum of conduction losses and without demagnetization risk of the PM pieces [7] [8]. ...
... The field winding is placed at the stator to avoid sliding contacts. It creates a rotating field in the air gap that is equivalent to the one produced by a rotor winding in classical wound rotor synchronous machine [5]. Thus, under the hypothesis of sinusoidal waveforms, the HESM is described by (1) to (3) in the d-q coordinate system. ...
This paper presents an optimal current control for the hybrid excitation synchronous motor in electric vehicle application. The whole electric propulsion system is modeled including the battery and converters. The control aims to meet the torque and speed requirements while insuring minimal copper and iron losses as well as inverter and chopper losses. Extended Lagrange multipliers optimization method (Kuhn-Tucker conditions) is used to elaborate analytical expressions for the optimal reference armature and field currents with respect to armature current and voltage constraints. Simulation over the New European Driving Cycle proves that the proposed optimal control leads indeed to the lowest losses.
... 1(a)]. Double excitation machines are synchronous machines where two excitation field sources coexist [1], [2]: permanent magnets and wound field excitation. ...
This paper describes an analytical technique for prediction of open circuit eddy-current loss in armature windings and permanent magnets (PM) of series double excitation synchronous machines. First, a 2-D exact analytical solution of open circuit magnetic field distribution in idealized geometry of series double excitation synchronous machine is established. It involves solving Maxwell's equations in stator slots, air gap, PM region, and rotor slots. Then, magnetic vector potential solutions in the stator slots and PM regions are respectively used for prediction of resistance limited eddy currents in armature windings and permanent magnets. This analytical model is then used to estimate eddy-current loss in armature windings and permanent magnets. The validity of the developed model, which is also applicable to conventional designs of permanent-magnet machine, is verified by time-stepped transient finite-element analysis (FEA). The developed model is then used to quantify the effectiveness of segmenting the magnets and armature windings in reducing the eddy-current loss.
... The goal of double excitation principle is to combine advantages of permanent-magnet machines, high power density and efficiency, with these of wound field synchronous machines, good field weakening capability. Double excitation machines can be divided into two categories: series double excitation and parallel double excitation machines [8], [11]. Machine presented in this paper belongs to the second category (parallel double excitation machines). ...
... Regarding the particular structure of double excitation machines , the presence of two excitation flux sources, two criteria seem more specific for classification of these machines: 1) By analogy with electric circuits, the first criterion concerns the way the two excitation flux sources are combined: series and parallel double excitation machines [8], [11]. Manuscript received October 06, 2010; revised March 04, 2011; accepted March 15, 2011. ...
This paper presents 3-D finite-element analysis of a new double excitation synchronous machine. It is shown that the machine has true field regulation capability. The principle of operation and design aspects of this new machine are presented in the paper. Comparison of 3-D FEA with an experimental study done on a prototype having a different rotor structure is also investigated.
... The first classification criterion is according to the flux trajectories of the excitation coils and the PM. Using this criteria hybrid excitation machine can be classified into three types [7]. The first type is the series excitation where the main flux created by the PM and winding excitation present the same path [4] [8](Fig. 1. a), two drawbacks can be noted; the high reluctance trajectory for the flux created by the excitation winding which is due to the permanent magnet relative permeability (nearest to one), and the permanent magnetic demagnetization. ...
... The second type is the parallel excitation, where the main fluxes creating by the two excitations present a separated path [9]-[10] (Fig. 1. b), two drawbacks can be notes; in some structure the creating of two flux path can introduce a reduction of the PM flux, the second drawbacks is the addition of new structure part compared to classical machine, thus the volume will be greater. The third type is the combined hybrid excitation, where the two first types are used in the same structure [7]. ...
... In the other point of views the HESM can be classified by separate the homopolaire and bipolar machine, for the first one, the excitation winding create flux acting only on one pole, thus the total flux present a non zeros mean flux value over electrical period [11]-[12]. For the second one the excitation coils creates flux acting into the two poles, thus the total flux has a zero mean value [7], [11]. The comparison between two configurations is presented by Vido et all [13]. ...
This paper presents a 3D Magnetic Equivalent Circuit modeling of a homopolar Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine with distributed windings and interiors permanent magnets. The MEC model is based in a 3D reluctance element. Movement and saturation effect are taken into account. The average torque is estimated by two methods: Flux-FMM and Maxwell Stress Tensor methods. Results from the MEC model are compared to corresponding FEA computations.
... OUBLE excitation machines are synchronous machines that have two coexisting excitation field sources [1], [2]: permanent magnets and wound field excitation. The goal behind the use of double excitation principle is to combine advantages of permanent-magnet (PM) excited machines and wound field synchronous machines. ...
We describe an exact 2-D analytical model for predicting the open circuit magnetic field in idealized structures of wound field and series hybrid excitation permanent-magnet synchronous machines. This technique can be used for either internal or external rotor radial-field machine topologies. It involves analytical solution of Maxwell's equations in stator and rotor slots and annular air-gap/magnet regions. We compare results from this analytical model to corresponding finite-element analyses. We then use it to estimate the cogging torque, induced back-electromotive force, and to study the effects of rotor skewing.
... The complexity rotor construction and the poor efficiency are the disadvantages of this DESM. Wroblewski [10], Amara [11], and Vido [12] proposed a topology of the double excited machine with the auxiliary winding placed on the armature; the principle scheme of their proposals , for one pole pattern, is given inFig. 1(D) (each author has introduced some specific aspects, but the basic operating principle is the same). ...
This paper presents the analytical, numerical, and experimental results obtained with a double excited synchronous machine (DESM) prototype designed and constructed for an electric vehicle traction system. To obtain a wide speed range, the flux-weakening technique is implemented. Analytical design, 2-D finite element method (FEM) analysis, thermal analysis, and prototype construction of the DESM are discussed, and the performances are assessed with experimental data.
