Fig 3 - uploaded by Arnulf Jäger-Waldau
Content may be subject to copyright.
![1: Split of electricity consumption between economic sectors in 2000 (source [EC 2004b])](profile/Arnulf-Jaeger-Waldau/publication/264052985/figure/fig5/AS:669495001640984@1536631455855/Split-of-electricity-consumption-between-economic-sectors-in-2000-source-EC-2004b.png)
Source publication
The implementation of renewable energies into our energy supply and the substantial investments needed to do so, call for an integrated approach to utilise the different available technologies and resources as well as energy savings to minimise demand. No energy source alone can supply the future needs of mankind and even our conventional energy so...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 4, 5 and 6 will give an overview about the different renewable energy technologies, their options and their status of implementation. The conventional energy conversion chain to convert fossil or nuclear fuels into electricity is depicted in Figure 1.1. This is done for comparing it with the different renewable energy technologies. ...
Context 2
... for biomass feedstock supply is fundamental to the development of bioenergy industry. In the EU-15 around 8 % of arable land was categorised as set-aside land and not used for food production in 2001 (Fig. 4.10) [EUR 2002, Bau 2004]. The share of 16% of set- aside land was dedicated to non-food crops, mostly aimed at the production of biofuels [Bau 2004]. If assumed that only 10% of the total arable land in the Member States will be set-aside land in the coming decades, the total estimated set-aside land in the EU-25 would total 9.8 Mha [FAO ...
Context 3
... in Sicily than in the north Scandinavia). Besides Northern Scandinavia, quite u nfavourable conditions are also found in Scotland. Less favourable conditions are found also in Northwestern Germany and Benelux. The optimum inclination angle of the PV modules within Europe ranges from 27° in West- ern Peloponnesos to 49° in Northern Scandinavia (Fig. 7.1). In large parts of EU25 (mainly between latitudes 45-55°), the latitudinal gradient is weak and optimum angle oscillates between 33 and 36 degrees, depending on regional climate variation and terrain ...
Citations
... The photovoltaic world market grew again by more than 40% in 2006 to 2,520 MW. Like in the last years, Germany was the largest single market with 1,153 MW followed by Japan with 286.6 MW and the US with 140 MW [Sys 2007, Ikk 2007, Sol 2007a. The Photovoltaic ...
Photovoltaics is a solar power technology to generate Electricity using semiconductor devices, known as solar cells. A number of solar cells form a solar "Module" or "Panel", which can then be combined to solar systems, ranging from a few Watts of electricity output to multi Megawatt power stations. The unique format of the Photovoltaic Status Report is to combine international up-to-date information about Research Activities with Manufacturing and Market Implementation data of Photovoltaics. These data are collected on a regular base from public and commercial studies and cross-checked with personal communications. Regular fact-finding missions, with company visits as well as meetings with officials from funding organisations and policy makers, complete the picture. Growth in the solar photovoltaic sector has been robust. Yearly growth rates over the last five years were on average more than 40%, thus making photovoltaics one of the fastest growing industries at present. Business analysts predict that the market volume will increase to € 40 billion in 2010 and expect rising profit margins and lower prices for consumers at the same time. The PV Status Report provides comprehensive and relevant information on this dynamic sector for the public interested, as well as decision-makers in policy and industry.
... The New Member States and Candidate Countries still have much lower installation figures (Fig. 7), despite good to very good solar resources, in some states with up to 1,600 kWh/kWp (Cyprus, Malta, Romania, Bulgaria, and Southeast Hungary). But even in the Baltic States yearly average values of more than 800 kWh per year are possible for a 1 kWp system, which is comparable to Northern Germany [27]. ...
Photovoltaics and renewable energies are growing at a much faster pace than the rest of the economy in Europe and worldwide. This and the dramatic oil price increases in 2005 have led to a remarkable re-evaluation of the renewable energy sector by politics and financing institutions. Despite the fact that there are still discrepancies between the European Union and the USA, as to how to deal with climate change, renewable energies will play an important role for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the worldwide introduction of tradable Green Certificates. Apart from the electricity sector, renewable energy sources for the generation of heat and the use of environment friendly biofuels for the transport sector will become more and more important in the future.
... With [17]. ...
... Calculations performed by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, based on GIS data revealed, that 1% of the European electricity could be provided if each person would install solar panels of the size of a TV satellite receiver (ca. 0.56m 2 ) [17]. This calculation was based on the assumption, that 12% efficient PV systems would be used everywhere in the European Union. ...
The world market for renewable energies is continuously growing. Especially the wind energy and photovoltaic markets show yearly growth rates between 20 and over 30% in the last few years. Despite existing discrepancies between the European Union and the USA how to deal with Climate Change, renewable energies will increase their shares, not only for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the world wide introduction of tradable Green Certificates, but to help to supply the growing global demand of energy.
Apart from the electricity sector, renewable energy sources for the generation of heat and the use of environmental friendly bio-fuels for the transport sector will become more and more important in the future. This paper tries to give an overview about the potentials and progress of renewable electricity in Europe.
... Cumulative installed PV capacity in the New Member States and Candidate Countries in 2003[11,12,13].• Austria -Feed-in tariff paid for 20 years with cap of 15 MWp (cap was reached after already four weeks), but only for systems i nstalled in 2003 and 2004; 0.6 €/kWh < 20 kWp, 0.47 €/kWh > 20 kWp • Belgium -Feed-in tariff: 0.15 €/kWh • Cyprus -Feed-in tariff: 0.12 -0.26 €/kWh and investment subsidies up to 55% for private investors and up to 40% for companies.• Czech Republic -Feed-in tariff: 6 CZK/kWh (0.2 €/kWh). ...
Photovoltaics is one of the fastest growing industries at present. In the last years, the production of photovoltaic cells has increased steadily by an average of 40% per year with an increasing tendency reaching an annual production volume exceeding 1.1 GW in 2004. This development is driven not only by the progress in materials and processing technology, but by market introduction programmes in many countries around the world. The growth is mainly realised by an increase of manufacturing capacities based on the technology of crystalline, single junction devices. Consistent with the time needed for any major change in the energy infrastructure, another 20 to 30 years of sustained and aggressive growth will be required for photovoltaics to substitute a significant share of the conventional energy sources. If the political framing conditions sustain
this growth, the continuation of this growth will be only possible if a continuous introduction of new technologies takes place, made possible by sound fundamental research. The question is what kind of solar cell will enable us to produce cheap solar electricity. This leads to the search for new developments with respect to material use and consumption, device design and production technologies, as well as new concepts to increase the overall efficiency.
... The gasifier is usually of the air-blown, atmospheric pressure, circulating fluidised bed type. Indirect cofiring avoids risks to burner and boiler operation associated with direct combustion, but is more expensive than direct co-firing and is currently only available for wood fuels [9]. In parallel co-firing, biomass is combusted in a separate boiler and the steam produced is fed to a coal-fired power station where it is upgraded to the higher temperature and pressure conditions of the large coal plant. ...
... Bioelectricity capacity more than doubled in the EU-15 between 1990 and 2001. While bioelectricity capacity and production are relatively low in the newer member states of the EU, the Joint Research Centre of the EU reports that between 1997 and 2001, electricity production from biomass grew by 102 % in four new member states Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia [9]. Altogether, the countries of the EU-25 generated over 39 TWh of bioelectricity in 2002 (Table 3). ...
IntroductionPhotovoltaic conversionCells with a crystalline silicon baseCells in thin filmsPhotovoltaic marketProspects for photovoltaic electricity developmentBibliography
The energy industry is a typical example of a heavily regulated industry, and particularly large incumbent energy firms have developed significant expertise in non-market strategies (or corporate political activity). New entrants to the energy industry, such as clean energy technology ventures, are also exposed to regulatory risk (and opportunity), but they do not have the means to engage in non-market strategies to a similar extent as large incumbent firms. On the other hand, the success of investments in these firms significantly depends on managing regulatory risk. However, little is known empirically about how venture investors perceive energy policy risk and what they do to manage it. Based on a survey among 60 venture capital firms in Europe and North America, we attempt to close this gap in the current literature. We build on our survey data to develop a typology of regulatory risk management strategies adopted by these investment firms.
Providing energy to rural and urban areas in Nigeria, as in many developing countries has proved to be a great challenge. With increasing population, the pressures on the infrastructure for the supply of conventional energy resources will continue to increase. Economic growth, rapid industrialization and high standard of living of theglobal population demand more and more energy in different forms. Since the quantity of available energy from conventional resources shrinks day-by-day, development of newer or renewable energy technologies and improvement of conventional technologies become necessary to meet the energy demand in the future. The demand for energy in Nigeria can be met by this method as most of the demand from the National grid can be reduced considerably because several mega-watts of energy can be generated from renewable source. Currently, solar, wind, biomass, etc are in abundance all year round in Nigeria and largely untapped. For an energy source to be renewed, it means that its harvesting, conversion and use would occur in a sustainable manner and avoid any negative impacts on the people and natural environment. Renewable energy (RE) reality in Nigeria will be dependent on adequate government policy, financial and technical capability and public acceptance for their installation. Renewable energy (RE) resources abound in Nigeria but have not been fully exploited. This presentation examines the state of energy production and utilization; discusses the potentials for renewable energy and major obstacles militating against their developments. Keywords: Renewable energy, solar, biomass, economic growth, rural Nigeria
