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Spike and flag leaf morphology of N36-1, N39-27 and their parents. The arrow showed the leaf senescence of MY11 by infection of stripe rust, while other 3 lines are highly resistant to stripe rust at adult plant stage
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Main conclusion New wheat-Secale africanum chromosome 5Ra substitution and translocation lines were
developed and identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular markers, and chromosome 5Ra specific genes responsible for grain hardness were isolated.
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Citations
... All these results made us question the high recombination frequency between the translocated 3AgL chromosomal fragment carrying Lr24 in Janz and homoeologous wheat chromosome 3D reported by Zwart et al. 16 . 17 based on orthologous gene conservation between rice and wheat have proven to be highly efficient and reliable molecular markers for confirming homoeologous relationships between wheat and alien chromosomes [18][19][20] . In this study, we used 24 PLUG primer pairs identified at the distal ends of the long arms of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes to genotype Agent, Janz, Sunco and Amigo, and found that five markers amplified Thinopyrum-specific bands. ...
Previous studies showed that Australian wheat cultivars Janz and Sunco carry leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum chromosome arm 3AgL. However, the size of the alien segments carrying Lr24 and Sr24 in the lines were not determined. In this study, we used non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers to visualize the alien segments in Janz and Sunco, and further compared them with the segments in US cultivars Agent and Amigo. The fraction length (FL) of the alien translocation in Agent was 0.70–1.00, whereas those in Janz, Sunco, and Amigo were smaller, at FL 0.85–1.00. It was deduced that the alien gene RAg encoding for red grain color and rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24 on chromosome arm 3AgL were in bins of FL 0.70–0.85 and 0.85–1.00, respectively. We retrieved and extracted nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) receptor genes corresponding to the region of Lr24 and Sr24 on chromosomes 3E, and 3J, 3Js and 3St from the reference genome sequences of Th. elongatum and Th. intermedium, respectively. A set of molecular markers developed for Lr24 and Sr24 from those extracted NBS-LRR genes will provide valuable information for fine mapping and cloning of these genes.
... PLUG markers 17 based on orthologous gene conservation between rice and wheat have proven to be highly e cient and reliable molecular markers for con rming homoeologous relationships between wheat and alien chromosomes 18,19,20 . In this study, we used 24 PLUG primer pairs identi ed at the distal ends of the long arms of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes to genotype Agent, Janz, Sunco and Amigo, and found that ve markers ampli ed Thinopyrum-speci c bands. ...
Previous studies showed that Australian wheat cultivars Janz and Sunco carry leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum chromosome arm 3AgL. However, the size of the alien segments carrying Lr24 and Sr24 in the lines were not established. In this study, we used non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers to visualize the alien segments in Janz and Sunco, and further compared them with the segments in cultivars Agent and Amigo. The fraction length (FL) of the alien translocation in Agent was 0.70-1.00, whereas those in Janz, Sunco, and Amigo were smaller, at FL 0.85-1.00. It was deduced that the alien gene R Ag encoding for red grain color and rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24 on chromosome arm 3AgL were in bins of FL 0.70–0.85 and 0.85-1.00, respectively. We retrieved and extracted nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) receptor genes corresponding to the region of Lr24 and Sr24 on chromosomes 3E, and 3J, 3J s and 3St from the reference genome sequences of Th. elongatum and Th. intermedium , respectively. A set of molecular markers developed for Lr24 and Sr24 from those extracted NBS-LRR genes will provide valuable information for fine mapping and cloning of these genes.
... In the past 10 years, several new 1RS chromosomes have been introduced into the wheat genome and have exhibited resistance to the new Pst and Bgt pathogens (Ren et al., 2017a(Ren et al., , 2018(Ren et al., , 2022Han et al., 2020). Additionally, 2R, 4R, 5R, 6R, and 7R chromosomes are also introduced into the wheat genome in the form of chromosome translocation, addition, and substitution, and several of these newly developed lines exhibit resistance to stripe rust or powdery mildew (An et al., 2015Li et al., 2016;Schneider et al., 2016;Ren et al., 2017bRen et al., , 2020Johansson et al., 2020;Han et al., 2022). ...
Stripe rust and powdery mildew are devastating diseases that have severe effects on wheat production. Introducing resistant genes/loci from wheat-related species into the wheat genome is an important method to improve wheat resistance. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cross-pollinating plant and is the most important related species for wheat genetic improvement. In this study, we developed three 6RS ditelosomic addition lines, three 6RL ditelosomic addition lines, and two 6R disomic addition lines by crossing common wheat cultivar Chuannong 25 and rye inbred line QL2. The chromosome composition of all new lines was confirmed by non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) and molecular marker analyses. Disease responses to different Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) races and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) isolates and cytogenetic analysis showed that the resistance of the new lines was derived from the rye chromosome 6R of QL2, and both arms (6RS and 6RL) may harbor resistance genes against Pst and Bgt. These new lines could be used as a promising bridging parent and valuable genetic resource for wheat disease resistance improvement.
... Stripe rust gene Yr 9 located on the 1RS arm was successfully used in commercial wheat cultivars. Additionally, 2R, 4R, 5R, 6R, and 7R chromosomes also carry stripe rust-resistant genes (Lei et al., 2011;Li et al., 2016aLi et al., , 2020aSchneider et al., 2016;An et al., 2019;Xi et al., 2019;Johansson et al., 2020;Ren et al., 2020). Four of these reports indicated that rye chromosome 6R carried stripe rust resistance genes, and they were derived from different rye sources (Schneider et al., 2016;Johansson et al., 2020;Li et al., 2020a,b). ...
It was reported that the chromosome 6R of rye (Secale cereale L.) carries stripe rust resistance gene Yr83, and the region with the candidate resistance gene(s) still needs to be narrowed down. This study confirmed that the chromosome 6RLAr derived from rye AR106BONE contains stripe rust resistance gene(s). A wheat-rye T6BS.6RLAr translocation chromosome, a wheat-rye small-segment translocation T6RLAr-6AS.6AL, and three kinds of deleted T6BS.6RLAr translocations, T6BS.6RLAr-1, T6BS.6RLAr-2, and T6BS.6RLAr-3, were identified. Translocations T6BS.6RLAr, T6BS.6RLAr-2, and T6RLAr-6AS.6AL were highly resistant to stripe rust and T6BS.6RLAr-1 and T6BS.6RLAr-3 were highly susceptible. The molecular markers specific to 6RL determined that the three regions of the 6RLAr arm from 732,999,830 bp to the telomere, from 735,010,030 to 848,010,414 bp, and from 848,011,262 bp to the telomere were deleted from T6BS.6RLAr-1, T6BS.6RLAr-2, and T6BS.6RLAr-3, respectively. T6BS.6RLAr-2 and T6RLAr-6AS.6AL contained the segment that was deleted in T6BS.6RLAr-3. Therefore, it can be concluded that about 37 Mb segment from 848,011,262 bp to the telomere carried stripe rust resistance gene(s), and it was smaller than that with the Yr83 gene. Gene annotation indicated that about 37 Mb region contains 43 potential resistance genes, and 42 of them are nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR)-like resistance protein genes. The results in this study narrowed down the size of the region with candidate stripe rust resistance gene(s) on the 6RL arm, and the T6RLAr-6AS.6AL is a promising small-segment translocation for improvement of wheat cultivars.
... Xi et al. identified the presence of probable new gene(s) for the resistance to yellow rust in wheat lines containing the 5RL chromosome arm [141]. The introgression of the 5R afr chromosome from S. africanum also incorporated the yellow rust resistance gene(s) [142]. Seedlings of lines containing the 5RS.5AL translocation were resistant to stem rust [124]. ...
... In both lines containing the 5R afr (5D) substitution and the 5R afr S.5DL translocation from S. africanum, an increase in spike length was observed [142]. An increased spike size and multispikelet formation were observed in the 5R(5A) and 5R(5D) substitution lines [139,141]. ...
... Additionally, recent research indicates that grains of wheat lines containing 5R introgression from rye have increased iron and zinc contents [110]. Both 5R and 5R afr increased the grain protein content, whereas 5R decreased the wheat grain hardness [139,142]. ...
Rye is one of the most commonly used sources of elite genes in wheat improvement programs. Due to the high collinearity of the genomes of both cereal species, it is possible to obtain interspecific chromosomal translocations and substitution lines. Rye chromatin is used to transfer numerous genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses into the wheat genome. Introgression has also resulted in improved agronomic traits. However, despite the numerous advantages, the transfer of large fragments or whole chromosomes has been quite often accompanied by a decrease in end-use quality. This paper presents an overview of the benefits and drawbacks of using rye as a source of variability in wheat breeding.
... Many spontaneous or induced chromosomal wheat-rye translocations have been developed (Jiang et al. 1994), but the number of successfully and agronomically effective transfers from wild or weedy forms of rye to wheat is still few (Sharma and Gill 1983;Friebe et al. 1996). Some recent studies attempted to transfer useful traits from wild rye species to wheat (Lei et al. 2011(Lei et al. , 2013Li et al. 2016). Previous attempts of intraspecific, interspecific, or intergeneric hybridization involving SSA were aimed at revealing the phylogenetic relationship among the members of the genus Secale (Reimann-Philipp and Eichhorn-Rohde 1970; Singh and Röbbelen 1977;Gupta and Fedak 1987). ...
Cereal rye and its wild forms are important sources of genetic diversity for wheat breeding due to their resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Secale strictum subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) K.Hammer (SSA) is a weedy relative of cultivated rye, S. cereale . Meiotic chromosome pairing in F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of SSA and S. cereale reveals strong genomic affinity between the two genomes. A study of the transferability of S. cereale sequence-based markers to SSA and hexaploid triticale demonstrated their applicability for tracing SSA chromatin in wheat. The transferability of the markers was over 80% from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 3, and greater than 70% from groups 4 to 7, respectively. This study focused on the generation and molecular and cytogenetic characterization of wheat-SSA alien derivatives. Twelve were identified using combinations of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and molecular marker analysis. All SSA chromosomes, except 3R<sup>a</sup> and 6R<sup>a</sup>, were transferred to wheat either in the form of monosomic (MAs), mono-telosomic (MtAs), double-mono-telosomic (dMtAs) or double-monosomic (dMAs) additions. The germplasm developed in this study will help to enhance the genetic base of wheat and facilitate molecular breeding of wheat and triticale.
... Many spontaneous or induced chromosomal wheat-rye translocations have been developed (Jiang et al. 1994), but the number of successfully and agronomically effective transfers from wild or weedy forms of rye to wheat is still few (Sharma and Gill 1983;Friebe et al. 1996). Some recent studies attempted to transfer useful traits from wild rye species to wheat (Lei et al. 2011(Lei et al. , 2013Li et al. 2016). Previous attempts of intraspecific, interspecific, or intergeneric hybridization involving SSA were aimed at revealing the phylogenetic relationship among the members of the genus Secale (Reimann-Philipp and Eichhorn-Rohde 1970; Singh and Röbbelen 1977;Gupta and Fedak 1987). ...
Cereal rye and its wild forms are important sources of genetic diversity for wheat breeding due to their resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Secale strictum subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) K.Hammer (SSA) is a weedy relative of cultivated rye, S. cereale . Meiotic chromosome pairing in F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of SSA and S. cereale reveals strong genomic affinity between the two genomes. A study of the transferability of S. cereale sequence-based markers to SSA and hexaploid triticale demonstrated their applicability for tracing SSA chromatin in wheat. The transferability of the markers was over 80% from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 3, and greater than 70% from groups 4 to 7, respectively. This study focused on the generation and molecular and cytogenetic characterization of wheat-SSA alien derivatives. Twelve were identified using combinations of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and molecular marker analysis. All SSA chromosomes, except 3R<sup>a</sup> and 6R<sup>a</sup>, were transferred to wheat either in the form of monosomic (MAs), mono-telosomic (MtAs), double-mono-telosomic (dMtAs) or double-monosomic (dMAs) additions. The germplasm developed in this study will help to enhance the genetic base of wheat and facilitate molecular breeding of wheat and triticale.
... Oligo probes Oligo-pSc119.2 and Oligo-pTa535 were used to identify individual chromosomes of wheat and rye (Li et al. 2016a). Oligo-pSc119.2 ...
Key message:
A physical map of Secale cereale chromosome 6R was constructed using deletion mapping, and a new stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 was mapped to the deletion bin of FL 0.73-1.00 of 6RL. Rye (Secale cereale L., RR) possesses valuable genes for wheat improvement. In the current study, we report a resistance gene conferring stripe rust resistance effective from seedling to adult plant stages located on chromosome 6R. This chromosome was derived from triticale line T-701 and also carries highly effective resistance to the cereal cyst nematode species Heterodera avenae Woll. A wheat-rye 6R(6D) disomic substitution line exhibited high levels of seedling resistance to Australian pathotypes of the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst) pathogen and showed an even greater resistance to the Chinese Pst pathotypes in the field. Ten chromosome 6R deletion lines and five wheat-rye 6R translocation lines were developed earlier in the attempt to transfer the nematode resistance gene to wheat and used herein to map the stripe rust resistance gene. These lines were subsequently characterized by sequential multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), mc-GISH, PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG), and chromosome 6R-specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-Seq) marker analyses to physically map the stripe rust resistance gene. The new stripe rust resistance locus was located in a chromosomal bin with fraction length (FL) 0.73-1.00 on 6RL and was named Yr83. A wheat-rye translocation line T6RL (#5) carrying the stripe rust resistance gene will be useful as a new germplasm in breeding for resistance.
... Wheat-S. africanum substitution lines involving chromosomes 1R afr [25], 2R afr [26,27], 5R afr [28] and 6R afr [29] with desirable agronomic traits were developed. These lines permitted the localization of genes on specific S. africanum chromosomes. ...
... PCR-based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) primers [34,41], CINAU (Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China) primers [35], and rye EST-derived SSR primers [31] were synthesized by Shanghai Invitrogen Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction enzyme-digestion and electrophoresis were as described by Li et al. [28]. Markers for physical location in chromosomes were obtained by searching the database from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium whole genome assembly ref. v1.0 [37], and the whole-genome shotgun sequencing assembly of inbred winter rye line Lo7 [36]. ...
Background:
Introgression of chromatin from Secale species into common wheat has for decades been a successful strategy for controlling the wheat diseases. The wild Secale species, Secale africanum Stapf., is a valuable source for resistance to foliar disease of wheat. A wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr substitution line displayed resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust at the adult-plant stage.
Results:
Wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr deletion and translocation lines were produced and identified by sequential non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) using multiple Oligo-based probes. Different ND-FISH patterns were observed between S. cereale 6R and S. africanum 6Rafr. With reference to the physical map of the draft genome sequence of rye inbred line Lo7, a comprehensive PCR marker analysis indicated that insertions and deletions had occurred by random exchange between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. A survey of the wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines for disease resistance indicated that a powdery mildew resistance gene(s) was present on the long arm of 6Rafr at FL0.85-1.00, and that a stripe rust resistance gene(s) was located in the terminal region of 6RafrS at FL0.95-1.00. The wheat-S. africanum 6Rafr introgression lines also displayed superior agronomic traits, indicating that the chromosome 6Rafr may have little linkage drag in the wheat background.
Conclusions:
The combination of molecular and cytogenetic methods allowed to precisely identify the chromosome rearrangements in wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr substitution, deletion and translocation lines, and compare the structural difference between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. The wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines containing gene(s) for powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance could be used as novel germplasm for wheat breeding by chromosome engineering.
... tritici [123][124][125] (Table 3). In addition, the 5R a and 5RS m chromosomes were indicated to contain genes for grain hardness and α-amylase activity, respectively [126,127] (Table 3). ...
Rye (Secale L.) is a member of family Poaceae (tribe Triticeae) and includes perennial or annual, self-incompatible or self-compatible, and cultivated, weedy or wild species. Classification of the genus Secale is inconsistent, and comprises 3-4 to 8 species from the phylogenetic studies in the last ten years. Progress in rye breeding has been significantly reduced due to involving a small number of cultivars and landraces in crosses. The wild rye species and subspecies possess many valuable breeding traits for research aimed at expanding the variability in Secale cereale subsp. cereale. They are, due to their genetic diversity and high breeding trait expression, useful sources of genes for tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, and triticale improvement, too. One of the species, S. vavilovii, is attractive for rye breeding due to its high self-fertility, resistance to fusarium ear blight, septoria leaf blotch, high protein content, sprouting and sterilising cytoplasm, and genetic similarity with S. cereale subsp. dighoricum. Chromosomes of S. strictum are sources for resistance to yellow rust, Russian wheat aphid, grain hardness, increased protein and arabinoxylan content.
