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Sphagnum divinum Flatberg & Hassel. (A) Stem leaves. (B) Stem leaf, distal part. (C) Cell structure on mid-median convex surface. (D) Stem cortex in superficial view. (E) Stem in transverse section. (F) Divergent branch leaves from middle part of branch. (G) Pendent branch leaf. (H) Branch in superficial view. (I) Divergent branch in transverse section. (J) Chlorophyllose cells of divergent branch leaves in transverse section. Scale bars for (A, F-H) =500 μm; (C) = 200 μm; (I) = 100 μm.
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Sphagnum magellanicum has been viewed as being a predominantly circumpolar species in the northern hemisphere, but it occurs in the southern hemisphere and was originally described from the southern parts of Chile. It is an ecologically important species in mire ecosystems and has been extensively used as a model to study processes of growth, carbo...
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... bud visible, inconspicuous, surrounded by similar-looking, erect, straight, and somewhat longer innermost branches. Stem dark redbrown to brown-purplish in exposed habitats to variegated pale reddish and greenish in more shaded habitats; in transverse section ( Figure 9E) with large, thin-walled outer layer cortex (3-)4-5 cells wide, with a brownish sclerodermis of small, incrassate, dark brown-red cells 3-5 cells wide, and with a central medulla of medium-sized, roundish and thin-walled cells; outer stem cortical layer in superficial view ( Figure 9D) with short square to rectangular, thin-walled, delicately fibrillose (to sometimes Figure 7 Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showing that based on morphological data S. divinum, S. medium and S. magellanicum are separated along the first and second axes. Included type specimens are shown with solid symbols. ...
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... bud visible, inconspicuous, surrounded by similar-looking, erect, straight, and somewhat longer innermost branches. Stem dark redbrown to brown-purplish in exposed habitats to variegated pale reddish and greenish in more shaded habitats; in transverse section ( Figure 9E) with large, thin-walled outer layer cortex (3-)4-5 cells wide, with a brownish sclerodermis of small, incrassate, dark brown-red cells 3-5 cells wide, and with a central medulla of medium-sized, roundish and thin-walled cells; outer stem cortical layer in superficial view ( Figure 9D) with short square to rectangular, thin-walled, delicately fibrillose (to sometimes Figure 7 Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showing that based on morphological data S. divinum, S. medium and S. magellanicum are separated along the first and second axes. Included type specimens are shown with solid symbols. ...
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... leaves flat and lax (often folded) and irregularly spreading from stem in various directions, varying in shape ( Figure 9A) from most commonly wide-rectangular to sometimes more elongate-rectangular, and sometimes spathulate-rectangular and widest above the middle; apex widely obtuse-rounded to obtuse-truncate and slightly fringed with resorbed cell ends ( Figure 9B); lateral leaf margins varyingly fringed by resorbed cells; length min-max: 1.3-1.5 mm, mid-leaf width min-max: 0.9-1.2 mm, typical mid-leaf width to length ratio 1.4-1.5. ...
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... leaves flat and lax (often folded) and irregularly spreading from stem in various directions, varying in shape ( Figure 9A) from most commonly wide-rectangular to sometimes more elongate-rectangular, and sometimes spathulate-rectangular and widest above the middle; apex widely obtuse-rounded to obtuse-truncate and slightly fringed with resorbed cell ends ( Figure 9B); lateral leaf margins varyingly fringed by resorbed cells; length min-max: 1.3-1.5 mm, mid-leaf width min-max: 0.9-1.2 mm, typical mid-leaf width to length ratio 1.4-1.5. ...
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... typical mid-leaf width to length ratio 1.4-1.5. Hyalocysts ( Figure 9C) usually non-septate, and varyingly efibrillose to more commonly fibrillose at distal end, extending to approximately mid-leaf, usually absent to sometimes a few fibrils along the margins in proximal half of leaf; in distal 1/3-1/2 part of leaves many to most cells with irregular-shaped to predominantly elongate-shaped membrane gaps, often filling most of cell lumen and sometimes with completely resorbed cell membranes, sometimes with some perfect, elliptic to circular pores along the commissures, usually eporose in proximal leaf-part; on adaxial surface eporose except for some circular pores along leaf margins. ...
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... of Bryology 2018 widest in proximal part where usually straight and patent, in distal part somewhat erecto-patent to often decurved; branch cortex unistratose and delicately fibrillose, eporose or some cells with one large, ±circular apical end surface pores ( Figure 9H). Pendent branches about equally as long as, or longer than divergent ones, markedly thinner and whitish, covering the stem to slightly spreading. ...
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... branch leaves densely to loosely imbricate and somewhat spreading (<45°) from branch stem, usually non-ranked, cucullateconcave and roughened short-dentate at back in apical part. Leaves from middle of branches widely ovate to circular-ovate, tapering towards apex with straight to often somewhat concave-curved lateral margins ( Figure 9F). Leaf length min-max: 1.88-1.99 ...
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... to circular, perfect, ringed and small pores along the commissures and apical cell ends ( Figure 9K), and often in 3s at adjacent cell corners, with diameter 14-22 µm. Towards proximal leaf end with 1-5 similar-shaped, slightly larger commissural pores on convex surface, usually filling less than half of cell width, and with rather continuous transition to smaller pores above ( Figure 9L). ...
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... to circular, perfect, ringed and small pores along the commissures and apical cell ends ( Figure 9K), and often in 3s at adjacent cell corners, with diameter 14-22 µm. Towards proximal leaf end with 1-5 similar-shaped, slightly larger commissural pores on convex surface, usually filling less than half of cell width, and with rather continuous transition to smaller pores above ( Figure 9L). Hyalocysts on mid-median concave leaf surface eporose to scattered porose, increasing in number with often ±circular pores towards margins. ...
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... widely elliptic to circular-elliptic lumens and thin walls, lacking cell wall ornaments ( Figure 9J). Pendent branch leaves ( Figure 9G) narrower and smaller than on divergent branches. ...
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... widely elliptic to circular-elliptic lumens and thin walls, lacking cell wall ornaments ( Figure 9J). Pendent branch leaves ( Figure 9G) narrower and smaller than on divergent branches. Hyalocysts on convex surface ( Figure 9M) with similar porosity as in divergent branch leaves, but pores often more numerous and somewhat larger. ...
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... branch leaves ( Figure 9G) narrower and smaller than on divergent branches. Hyalocysts on convex surface ( Figure 9M) with similar porosity as in divergent branch leaves, but pores often more numerous and somewhat larger. Hyalocysts on midmedian concave surface ( Figure 9N) with usually many circular, large, perfect pores. ...
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Vast areas of peatlands have been drained for forestry endangering their carbon sink function. Peatland rewetting aims at mitigating the situation through restoring the hydrology and vegetation of these areas. We compared the carbon dioxide (CO 2) fluxes and phy-tomass on four pairs of rewetted and pristine peatland sites in Finland and Estonia, an...
Citations
... al. (2001),Thormann et al. (2001),Asada and Warner (2005), Trinder et al. (2008), Breeuwer et al. (2008), Straková et al. (2010), Hagemann and Moroni 140 (2015), Bengtsson et al. (2017),Golovatskaya and Nikonova (2017), andMäkilä et al. (2018). Samples originally classified as Sphagnum magellanicum are here classified as Sphagnum magellanicum aggr.(Hassel et al., 2018). ...
Decomposition is one of the major controls of long-term sequestration of carbon in northern peatlands. Our knowledge of the magnitude and controls of decomposition rates is derived to a large extent from litterbag experiments. Similar to other litter types, initial leaching losses may bias decomposition rates of Sphagnum, but their magnitudes and variability are not well known.
We present a meta-analysis of 15 Sphagnum litterbag studies to estimate initial leaching losses (l0), to test whether initial leaching losses can bias Sphagnum decomposition rate estimates (k0), and to analyze how initial leaching losses increase errors in k0 estimates.
Average l0 estimates range between 3 to 18 mass-%, average k0 estimates between 0.01 to 1.16 yr-1. Simulations and models fitted to empirical data indicate that ignoring initial leaching losses leads to an overestimation of k0. An error analysis suggests that k0 and l0 can be estimated only with relatively large errors because of limitations in the design of most available litterbag experiments. Sampling the first litterbags shortly after the start of the experiments allows more accurate estimation of l0 and k0. We estimated large l0 (>5 mass-%) also for only air-dried samples which could imply that Sphagnum litterbag experiments with dried litter are unrepresentative for natural decomposition processes in which l0 may be smaller according to leaching experiments with fresh litter.
We conclude that comparing results of litterbag experiments between experimental treatments and between studies and accurately estimating decomposition rates may be possible only if initial leaching losses are explicitly considered.
... ex Russow (Russow 1865: 21) had the most significant water absorption, about 44 times the dry weight. Sphagnum divinum Flatberg & K.Hassel (Hassel et al. 2018: 206) (43 times) and Sphagnum compactum DC in Lamarck & de Candolle (1805: 443) (42 times) also had excellent water absorption, and none had a significant difference in water absorption compared with S. imbricatum. The Sphagnum species with the lowest water absorption was Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molkenboer (1851: 76), only about 19 times the dry weight. ...
Sphagnum moss (peat moss) is the dominant land plant in peatlands, and it plays an essential role in peatland ecosystems because its remarkable water-holding capacity helps to conserve water resources and maintain the anoxic environment of peatlands. Sphagnum moss exhibits a super ability to absorb water. However, the water absorption capacity of different species and different parts of the same species is not well understood. In this study, we measured the short-term and saturated water absorption of 21 Sphagnum species from China. The results showed that the water absorption capacity of the investigated peat mosses was much higher than that of other bryophytes. Sphagnum imbricatum had the highest saturated water absorption capacity (about 44 times its dry weight), while the peat moss with the lowest saturated water absorption was Sphagnum flexuosum (about 19 times its dry weight). In addition, we determined the relative volume of hyalocysts of the spreading and pendent branch leaves of 18 Sphagnum species and further measured the water absorption capacity of the pendent branch, spreading branch, and stem of six of them. The results revealed that both pendent and spreading branches had strong water absorption capacity and were the primary water-absorbing parts of peat mosses. The water-absorbing capacity of different Sphagnum species was linearly related to the volume of hyalocysts. The results provide an essential scientific basis for selecting high-quality germplasm resources of peat moss.
... Встановлено, що S. magellanicum s. str. трапляється в південній частині Південної Америки, а в Європі поширені S. divinum і S. medium [17]. Тому необхідний критичний аналіз усього наявного гербарного матеріалу S. magellanicum з території України, а поки що вид трактується sensu lato і наводиться в "Продромусі спорових рослин України: мохоподібні" [18]. ...
68 видів мохоподібних з 31 родини і 39 родів. За кількістю видів переважають родини Sphagnaceae-22,2 %; Polytrichaceae-11,8 %; Mniaceae і Dicranaceae-по 7,5 %. Проведено аналіз екологічних груп мохоподібних за трофністю субстрату: відзначено переважання мезотрофних (33,8 %) та оліготрофних видів (30,1 %), також виявлено мезоевтрофні види (19,1 %) й значний відсоток (5,9 %) евтрофних видів. Серед екологічних груп за вологістю місцевиростань переважають гігромезофіти i гігрофіти (35,3 %); мезофіти i ксеромезофіти становлять 30,3 % та 20,6 % відповідно. У результаті біоморфологічного аналізу встановлено домінування мохів з життєвими формами високої дернинки (39,7 %) і плетива (19,1 %) , які приурочені до вологих і перезволожених ділянок болотних і лісових екосистем, однак виявлено великий відсоток низьких дернинок (23,5 %), які поширюються на порушених ділянках. На території досліджень спостерігається широкий діапазон трофності й вологості локалітетів і різноманіття біоморфологічного спектру мохоподібних. За результатами аналізу екобіоморфологічної структури виявлено тенденцію до мезо-та евтрофізації окремих локалітетів. Ключові слова: мохи, печіночники, екологічні групи, життєві форми, Західне Полісся, болотні екосистеми. Abstract. Monitoring biodiversity and the state of mire ecosystems is particularly relevant today for the further planning of nature conservation management in such areas. Revision the taxonomic composition and determining the ecological and biomorphological features of the bryoflora of the peat massif Syra Pogonia RNR are relevant for assessing its current state and forecasting its dynamic dynamic trends. Research on bryophytes was carried out during 2020-2023 by collecting field materials, processing literary sources and critical analysis of herbarium collections. 68 species of bryophytes from 31 families and 39 genera we have identified in the mire massif of the Syra Pogonia of the Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve based on the results of our own field research and literary data. The families Sphagnaceae-22,2 %, Polytrichaceae-11,8 %, Mniaceae and Dicranaceae-7,5 % each, were found to be the most abundant in terms of species. An analysis of the ecological groups of mosses based on trophicity of the substrate revealed a predominance of mesotrophic (33,8 %) and oligotrophic species (30,1 %), as well as mesoeutrophic species (19,1 %); a significant percentage (5,9 %) of eutrophic species. Among the ecological groups based on moisture of the habitats, hygromesophytes and hygrophites predominate (35,3 %); mesophytes and xeromesophytes account for 30,3 % and 20,6 % respectively. As a result of biomorphological analysis, the dominance of tall turfs (39,7 %) and wefts (19,1 %) life forms of mosses, which are associated with wet and oversaturated areas of mire and forest ecosystems, was established, but a large percentage of short turf (23,5 %) were also found to be widespread on disturbed areas. A wide range of trophic and moisture content of habitats, as well as a variety of biomorphological spectra of bryophytes, were observed in the studied territory. The heterogeneity of the ecobiomorphological spectrum of mosses in the in the mire massif, particularly the significant presence of xeromesophytic and
... Встановлено, що S. magellanicum s. str. трапляється в південній частині Південної Америки, а в Європі поширені S. divinum і S. medium [17]. Тому необхідний критичний аналіз усього наявного гербарного матеріалу S. magellanicum з території України, а поки що вид трактується sensu lato і наводиться в "Продромусі спорових рослин України: мохоподібні" [18]. ...
Моніторинг біорізноманіття та стану болотних екосистем на сьогодні є особливо актуальними для подальшого планування природоохоронного менеджменту таких територій. За результатами власних польових досліджень і літературними даними для торфово-болотного масиву Сира Погоня Рівненського природного заповідника виявлено 68 видів мохоподібних з 31 родини і 39 родів. За кількістю видів переважають родини Sphagnaceae – 22,2%; Polytrichaceae – 11,8%; Mniaceae і Dicranaceae – по 7,5%. Проведено аналіз екологічних груп мохоподібних за трофністю субстрату: відзначено переважання мезотрофних (33,8%) та оліготрофних видів (30,1%), також виявлено мезоевтрофні види (19,1%) й значний відсоток (5,9%) евтрофних видів. Серед екологічних груп за вологістю місцевиростань переважають гігромезофіти i гігрофіти (35,3%); мезофіти i ксеромезофіти становлять 30,3% та 20,6% відповідно. У результаті біоморфологічного аналізу встановлено домінування мохів з життєвими формами високої дернинки (39,7%) і плетива (19,1%) , які приурочені до вологих і перезволожених ділянок болотних і лісових екосистем, однак виявлено великий відсоток низьких дернинок (23,5%), які поширюються на порушених ділянках. На території досліджень спостерігається широкий діапазон трофності й вологості локалітетів і різноманіття біоморфологічного спектру мохоподібних. За результатами аналізу екобіоморфологічної структури виявлено тенденцію до мезо- та евтрофізації окремих локалітетів.
... Назви таксонів для мохоподібних наведено згідно зі сучасною таксономією (Hodgetts et al., 2020) [29]. Екологічні групи за відношенням до світлового і теплового режимів, вологості виділяли на основі власних досліджень, використовуючи шкали Еллєнберґа (Dierßen, 2001;Hill, Preston et all., 2007;Ellenberg, Leuschner, 2010) та базуючись на власних спостереженнях [13,[25][26][27]. Описи збору зразків включали детальні описи субстратів і GPS-координати, дату збору. ...
The article provides a summary of current knowledge related to the distribution, anatomical-morphological, and ecological characteristics of sphagnum mosses on the mountain massif of Gorgany. The analysis is based on the original field research, and also literature and herbarium data. It has been established that genus Sphagnum L. within the Ukrainian Carpathians is represented by 30 species, with 23 species occurring in the Gorgany mountain massif. Information about the species diversity of this moss group is mentioned in the works of scientists such as Zerov D. K., Partika L. Ya. (1975), Nyporko S. O. (2006); Savitska A. G. (2012), Felbaba-Klushyna L. M. (2015), Rabyk I. V., Danilyk I. M. (2022), Prytula S. V., Mamchur Z. I., Drach Yu. A. (2020; 2022), in the herbarium collections of the Department of Ecology at Ivan Franko National University, the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (LWS), the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany (KW), as well as electronic databases like the National Biodiversity Information Network and the Center for Biodiversity Data of Ukraine. According to the research, an annotated list of 23 species of sphagnum mosses in the Gorgany territory was identified and compiled. The distribution of these species in various sections of the massif was analyzed, including Krayovi Nyzhkohirni, Zovnishni (Skybovi), and Pryvododilni (Vnutrishni) Gorgany. The highest number of species was recorded in the Pryvododilni Gorgany area. The Krayovi Nyzhkohirni Gorgany is still not researched, and also there is no any data about the distribution of sphagnum mosses. A taxonomic analysis was conducted, including classification into 5 subgenera, of which four were identified within the study area. The subgenera Acutifolia (Russow) A.J.Shaw (10) and Cuspidata Lindb (8) are represented by the highest number of species. No species from the Rigida (Lindb.) A.Eddy subgenus were found.
... H. Klinggr.] as models to assess the importance of abiotic and biotic variables to carbon sequestration in northern peatlands by analysing variation in the growth of these two species across 99 Holarctic peatlands. However, Hassel et al. (2018) provided evidence that plants previously referred to as S. magellanicum in the Northern Hemisphere are in fact two different species (S. divinum Flatberg & K.Hassel and S. medium Limpr.) and that they differ in morphology and ecology. Bengtsson et al. (2020) recognized this taxonomic change and acknowledged that their results may have been affected by the ecological differences between these taxa. ...
The use of species as a concept is an important metric for assessing biological diversity and ecosystem function. However, delimiting species based on morphological characters can be difficult, especially in aquatic plants that exhibit high levels of variation and overlap. The Sphagnum cuspidatum complex, which includes plants that dominate peatland hollows, provides an example of challenges in species delimitation. Microscopic characters that have been used to define taxa and the possibility that these characters may simply be phenoplastic responses to variation in water availability make species delimitation in this group especially difficult. In particular, the use of leaf shape and serration, which have been used to separate species in the complex, have resulted in divergent taxonomic treatments. Using a combination of high-resolution population genomic data (RADseq) and a robust morphological assessment of plants representing the focal species, we provide evidence to evaluate putative species in this complex. Our data support the recognition of S. cuspidatum, S. fitzgeraldii, S. mississippiense, and S. trinitense as genetically distinct species that can be separated morphologically. These results indicate that S. viride does not differ genetically from S. cuspidatum. Our results are broadly relevant to other aquatic groups where leaf shape and marginal teeth are used to distinguish species.
... Historically, S. magellanicum has been a valuable model for peatland ecologists due to its global distribution and red-violet pigmentation that makes it easily discernible from other species in subgenus Sphagnum (Shaw et al., 2003a). More recently, genetic studies have demonstrated that this lineage is a complex of morphologically cryptic species: S. magellanicum that is restricted to South America, S. divinum and S. medium that are present in Europe and North America, and S. diabolicum and S. magniae that are known from eastern North America (Kyrkjeeide et al., 2016a;Yousefi et al., 2017;Hassel et al., 2018;Shaw et al., 2022). Phylogenomic analysis has demonstrated that S. diabolicum and S. magniae are sister species that have not reached reciprocal monophylly across all chromosomes suggesting that these clades are in the early stages of speciation (Shaw et al., 2022(Shaw et al., , 2023. ...
Background and Aims
New plant species can evolve through the reinforcement of reproductive isolation via local adaptation along habitat gradients. Peat mosses (Sphagnaceae) are an emerging model system for the study of evolutionary genomics and have well-documented niche differentiation among species. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that the globally distributed species Sphagnum magellanicum is a complex of morphologically cryptic lineages that are phylogenetically and ecologically distinct. Here, we describe the architecture of genomic differentiation between two sister species in this complex known from eastern North America: the northern S. diabolicum and the largely southern S. magniae.
Methods
We sampled plant populations from across a latitudinal gradient in eastern North America and performed whole genome and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. These sequencing data were then analyzed computationally.
Key Results
Using sliding-window population genetic analyses we find that differentiation is concentrated within ‘islands’ of the genome spanning up to 400 kb that are characterized by elevated genetic divergence, suppressed recombination, reduced nucleotide diversity and increased rates of non-synonymous substitution. Sequence variants that are significantly associated with genetic structure and bioclimatic variables occur within genes that have functional enrichment for biological processes including abiotic stress response, photoperiodism and hormone-mediated signalling. Demographic modelling demonstrates that these two species diverged no more than 225 000 generations ago with secondary contact occurring where their ranges overlap.
Conclusions
We suggest that this heterogeneity of genomic differentiation is a result of linked selection and reflects the role of local adaptation to contrasting climatic zones in driving speciation. This research provides insight into the process of speciation in a group of ecologically important plants and strengthens our predictive understanding of how plant populations will respond as Earth’s climate rapidly changes.
... The collected water holding capacity data with standard deviation (std. dev.) (G-Gyda, Taz-Taz tundra, N-Noyabrsk, Kha-Khanymey).Notes: * the species were recently revised and divided into three species by Hassel et al.[26]; our samples most likely are cf. Sphagnum divinum Flatberg and K. Hassel. ...
Functional traits are a set of characteristics that are expressed in the phenotype of an individual organism as a response to the environment and their impact on the ecosystem’s properties. They are positioned at the crossroads between the response and influence of the organisms, creating a certain interest in functional ecological and evolutionary fields. Due to this unique position, they are divided into two categories: effect functional traits and response functional traits. Effect traits describe the influence of the species on the environment regardless of whether such traits are an adaptive advantage to the individual or not. In Bryophyta, one of the most important effect traits is water holding capacity (WHC), which is their means of regulating ecosystem hydrology. On a global scale, mosses’ WHC is manifested in the slowdown of the large water cycle, in the storage of huge volumes of fresh water by peatlands and in the enormous paludification of Western Siberia. The main goal of our research was to obtain the water holding capacity measurements of tundra and taiga moss species to establish the base and foundation for environmental monitoring in the north of Siberia—the region with the most rapidly changing climate. Both the capacity to hold water within the moss tissues (WHC) and the capacity to hold water externally between the morphological structures (leaves, branches, rhizoids, etc.) (WHCe) were measured. In total, 95 samples of 9 Sphagnum and 5 true mosses species were involved to the research; some species were collected at two or three sampling sites within two natural zones/subzones that gave us the opportunity to compare the WHC along the meridional transection. In average, the northern taiga samples showed slightly higher WHC than tundra samples, probably due to the environmental specifics of the habitat—the taiga habitats were more moist, while the tundra was drier. Overall, in the majority of species, the standard deviation calculation revealed that the variability of WHCe is significantly higher than that of WHC. Such high variability in WHCe may be explained in regard to the morphological features of each individual considerably shifting between the samples of the same species while the anatomical features retain more stable results.
... Pellio-Conocephaletum Maas 1959and Pellio endiviifiliae-Cratoneuretum commutati Rivola 1982(Montio-Cardaminetea Braun-Blanquet et Tüxen 1943, Didymodon recurvirostris-Tortella flavovirens-ass. -today Tortello-Bryoerythrophylletum Boerboom 1960(Koelerio-Corynephoretea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941, and Sphagnetalia medii Kästner et Flössner 1933(preferred over Sphagnetalia magellanici Kästner et Flössner 1933 as Sphagnum magellanicum is not present in Europe; Hassel et al. 2018) (Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Braun-Blanquet et Tüxen ex Westhoff et al. 1946) (Maas 1959, Boerboom 1960, Schaminée et al. 1995b, 1996. Shortly before 2000, Siebel and Van Dort published a list of bryophyte syntaxa which were known from the Netherlands (Van Dort and Siebel 1995, Siebel andVan Dort 1999). ...
We present a first complete overview of the bryophyte-lichen syntaxa in the Netherlands, including diagnostic species and Red List status of vegetations representing each (sub)association. The classification is based on more than 5000 Dutch vegetation relevés, the majority recorded after the year 2000. Whenever appropriate, we integrated bryophyte and lichen syntaxonomy. The Dutch list of bryolichenosociological units consists of 168 syntaxa: 16 classes, 27 orders, 37 alliances, 82 associations and 6 subassociations. We present synoptic tables of 13 newly described syntaxa: two alliances, nine associations and two subassociations. Finally, we present ranges of the abiotic habitat variables moisture, light availabilty, nutrient richness and acidity on class level, based on estimated values of diagnostic species of individual associations in each class.
... Karakter Riccia huebeneriana memiliki talus tebal, berbentuk seperti garpu (Windadari, 2009), berwarna hijau, panjang talus 7,5-13 mm, lebar 1,3-2,3 mm dan perkukaan bergelombang (repandus), ujung membelah atau retusus (Gambar 2i, 2j, 2k) (Hassel, 2018 ...
Indonesia memiliki julakan megabiodiversiti country karena memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang melimpah. Salah satu jenis flora yang memperkaya keanekaragaman adalah lumut hati. Danau Ranupani memiliki kondisi abiotik yang mendukung pertumbuhan lumut hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman lumut hari di zona B daerah sempandan danau Ranupani kabupaten Lumajang. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi ditemukan 2 spesies lumut hati yaitu Marchantia polymorpha dan Riccia huebeneriana, berasal dari kelas yang sama yaitu Hepatopsida, ordo yang sama yaitu Marchantiales namun dari family yang berbeda, yaitu Marchantiaceae dan Ricciaceae.
