Fig 5 - uploaded by Mats Wedin
Content may be subject to copyright.
Sphaerophorus oh/sson//Wedin 0tolotype). A. Ascospores in water. Scale = 10 pro. B. Transmission eleclron micrograph of ascus with young spores. No ornamentation is deposited on the spore wall when the spores are inside the asci. Note concenlric bodies (vxrow). The spore wall is differentiated into two layers. Scale = 1 Ixm. C. Traxtsmission electron micrograph of semi-mature spores in the mazaeditun. An electron-dense amorphous substance has accumulated on the Slxne wall and on the peraphyses. Scale = 1 Bin. D. Detail of young six,re in ascus with cenumlfic bodie~ Scale = 1 Pro.
Source publication
The new species Sphaerophorus whakapapaensis Wedin and S. ohlssonii Wedin (Sphaerophoraceae, Caliciales, lichenised ascomycetes) are described from New Zealand. The ascospore ontogeny is described. The spore ornamentation of both species consists of mazaedial material added to the spore wall after the spores have teen released from the asci. Concen...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... frequent, situated terminally on the main branches, (2.1)2.7-6.1(7.8) mm wide. Mazaedium large, conspicuous, exposed at an early stage, but partially surrounded by flaps of thalline (Fig. 5A). Spore wall electron-lucent (Fig. 5B). Spores olive green in KOH and the reddish brown colour is slightly intensified by HNO. Mazaedial material dissolves in KOH. The spore 6mamentation consists of an electron-dense material that is added to the spore wall after the spores have been released from the asci (Fig. 5C). Concentric bodies ...
Context 2
... frequent, situated terminally on the main branches, (2.1)2.7-6.1(7.8) mm wide. Mazaedium large, conspicuous, exposed at an early stage, but partially surrounded by flaps of thalline (Fig. 5A). Spore wall electron-lucent (Fig. 5B). Spores olive green in KOH and the reddish brown colour is slightly intensified by HNO. Mazaedial material dissolves in KOH. The spore 6mamentation consists of an electron-dense material that is added to the spore wall after the spores have been released from the asci (Fig. 5C). Concentric bodies are frequent in the protoplast of young ...
Context 3
... surrounded by flaps of thalline (Fig. 5A). Spore wall electron-lucent (Fig. 5B). Spores olive green in KOH and the reddish brown colour is slightly intensified by HNO. Mazaedial material dissolves in KOH. The spore 6mamentation consists of an electron-dense material that is added to the spore wall after the spores have been released from the asci (Fig. 5C). Concentric bodies are frequent in the protoplast of young spores (Fig. ...
Context 4
... 5B). Spores olive green in KOH and the reddish brown colour is slightly intensified by HNO. Mazaedial material dissolves in KOH. The spore 6mamentation consists of an electron-dense material that is added to the spore wall after the spores have been released from the asci (Fig. 5C). Concentric bodies are frequent in the protoplast of young spores (Fig. ...
Citations
... It includes the majority of the species previously classified in Sphaerophorus Pers., and differs from Sphaerophorus s. str. in ascospore shape and ontogeny. Bunodophoron has globose spores with an irregular ornamentation consisting of an amorphous material adhering to the spore wall following release from the asci, whereas Sphaerophorus has broadly ellipsoidal spores where a thick secondary spore wall is developed when the spores are still inside the asci (Tibell 1981(Tibell , 1984Wedin 1990Wedin , 1991Wedin , 1992Wedin , 1993Wedin & Tibell 1991;Kantvilas & Wedin 1992). Bunodophoron is further characterized (and differs from Sphaerophorus and the closely related Leifidium Wedin) by having a more or less dorsiventrally flattened thallus, subapically to ventrally exposed mazaedia and rod-shaped conidia. ...
This is the first part of an ongoing taxonomic treatment of Bunodophoron ( Sphaerophoraceae , Lecanorales ) in the Neotropics, based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis of three markers together with studies of morphology and chemistry, and using the general mixed Yule coalescence (GMYC) method to delimit species boundaries. In the Neotropics, species in this genus grow on the ground or on shrubs in the páramos, and as epiphytes in the montane rainforests. We describe here a new species from the páramos of Colombia, Bunodophoron crespoae Soto, M. Prieto & Wedin sp. nov., and discuss its distinction from another large and common páramo species Bunodophoron flabellatum (Hue) Soto, M. Prieto & Wedin comb. nov. Both species are primarily terrestrial in the páramos, although B. flabellatum may occasionally also grow as an epiphyte. Bunodophoron crespoae is characterized by the white, c . 10–13 cm long, subterete to narrowly flattened, main branches. It differs from the otherwise similar B. flabellatum by being distinctly subterete, more abundantly branched, and by having smaller ascospores. Both are distinguished from the primarily epiphytic B. melanocarpum by the considerably larger thallus size, with the main branches of B. melanocarpum rarely exceeding 3·5 cm in length and 2 mm in width.
... Other reports from ascospores include Microcalicium disseminatum (Tibell 1978; as M. subpedicellatum) and several species of Sphaerophoms s. lat. (Wedin 1991Wedin ,1992 Wedin & Tibell 1991; Kantvilas & Wedin 1992). Samuelson & Bezerra (1977) reported concentric bodies from the conidia in the coelomycete Podoxyphium trichothecium (as ' Podoxythium ', a synonym of Conidiocarpus fide Hughes 1976) and other reports from conidia of coelomycetes have been given by Beilharz (1985) in Sphaceloma rosarum and by Philipson (1989) in a Stagonospora sp. ...
... The type of spore ontogeny described here is that found in Sphaerophorus subg. Bunodophorus (Wedin 1991; Wedin & Tibell 1991), subg. Aghimus (Tibell 1981Tibell , 1984Tibell , 1985 Wedin & Tibell 1991) and subg. ...
... Bunodophorus (Wedin 1991; Wedin & Tibell 1991), subg. Aghimus (Tibell 1981Tibell , 1984Tibell , 1985 Wedin & Tibell 1991) and subg. Sphaerocarpus (Wedin 1990) but not in subg. ...
... is known only from Mt Ruapehu in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand. This is an area with several new Sphaerophorus species (Wedin & Tibell 1991). Sphaerophorus tibellii grows as small tufts on trunks of Nothofagus solandri var. ...
Sphaerophorus diplotypus Vainio is reported as new to mainland Africa (Tanzania). Sphaerophorus digitaius Wang-Yang & Lai is reduced to a synonym of S. diplotypus. The name Sphaerophorus dodgei Ohlsson is validated and a description of the species is given. Sphaerophorus dodgei is recorded as being widespread and common in the Valdivian rainforest of Chile and Argentina. Sphaerophorus imshaugii Ohlsson is reported as new to the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Sphaerophorus macrocarpus Ohlsson is reported as new to South America (Chile). In S. dodgei and S. macrocarpus the spore ornamentation consists of mazaedial material added to the spore wall after the spores have been released from the asci. Concentric bodies occur in young ascospores of S. macrocarpus. A protocetraric-acid-deficient strain of S. microsporus Ohlsson is reported for the first time. Sphaerophorus tibellii Wedin, from northern New Zealand, is described as new.
Bunodophoron ramuliferum (I.M.Lamb) Wedin is chemically analysed. The occurrence of isousnic acid is confirmed and the CD- and ORD-spectra of (+)-isousnic, (+)-usnic, (+)-placodiolic and (+)-pseudoplacodiolic acids are shown. Copper complexes of (+)-isousnic and (+)-usnic acids are described.
A bibliography of New Zealand lichenology is presented comprising 260 entries, the majority spanning the period 1984–92. Subjects treated in the bibliography include: bibliography, chemistry, ecology, distribution, history and biography, lichenometry, physiology, and taxonomy.
Both a coelomycetous and a hyphomyeetous anamorph were obtained in axenic sporc cultures of the myeobiont of Chaenotheca deludens (Coniocybaceae. Caliciales). Coelomyeetous anamorphs have previously not with certainty been reported from Chaenorheca. Similarities between the coelomycetous Chaenotheca anamorph and the Asrerophoma anamorph of Chaenorhecopsis suvonica were noted. Thc conidia from the hyphomycetous anamorph germinated easily to produce new subcultures and it is suggested that conidia may also function in asexual reproduction in the field.
This review summarises lichen work in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. A brief historical overview of austral lichenology is presented from the earliest European voyages of discovery up to the present day. Current knowledge is outlined for Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, southern South America, the Southern Subpolar islands, and Antarctica. Biogeographical patterns, and the importance of lichens in nutrient cycling, habitat restoration, and monitoring of global change, are also discussed from an austral perspective.
Ultrastructural examinations revealed concentric bodies in hyphae of a parasitic ascomycete, infecting pollen of Malva sylvestris ssp.mauritiana. These structures consist of three concentric zones and are similar to those found in mycobionts of several lichens and only a few nonlichenized ascomycetes. Typical septal pores of ascomycete hyphae were present, usually plugged by electron-dense material and associated with one or more Woronin bodies.
Anhand elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen an Malva sylvestris ssp. mauritiana konnte nachgewiesen werden, daβ Pollen dieser Art von parasitischen Ascomyceten befallen werden. Die Pilzhyphen zeigten die für Ascomyceten typischen Septen mit einfachem Zentralporus, welcher durch optisch dichtes Material verschlossen und von einem oder mehreren Woroninkörperchen umgeben ist. Ein auffälliges Merkmal im Cytoplasma des Pilzes sind ‘concentric bodies’: Strukturen aus 3 konzentrisch angeordneten Zonen, die in vielen Mycobionten aus Flechten, aber bisher nur in wenigen nicht in Flechten vorkommenden Ascomyceten gefunden wurden.
A phylogenetic analysis of the familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales, lichenized ascomycetes) has resulted in a new generic classification. Notes on character evolution are given. The generaSphaerophorus s. str.,Bunodophoron andLeifidium, gen. nov., are accepted.Pleurocybe andPseudosphaerophorus are considered synonyms ofBunodophoron andThysanophoron is considered synonym toSphaerophorus. The following new combinations are proposed:Bunodophoron coomerense (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. diplotypum (Vain.)Wedin,B. dodgei (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. flaccidum (Kantvilas & Wedin)Wedin,B. formosanum (Zahlbr.)Wedin,B. imshaugii (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. insigne (Laurer)Wedin,B. kinabaluense (M. Sat)Wedin,B. macrocarpum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. madagascareum (Nyl.)Wedin,B. microsporum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. murrayi (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. notatum (Tibell)Wedin,B. ohlssonii (Wedin)Wedin,B. patagonicum (C. W. Dodge)Wedin,B. ramuliferum (I. M. Lamb)Wedin,B. scrobiculatum (C. Bab.)Wedin,B. tibellii (Wedin)Wedin,B. whakapapaense (Wedin)Wedin, andLeifidium tenerum (Laurer)Wedin.
Esta Tesis muestra un estudio de la familia Mycocaliciaceae en distintos niveles taxonómicos: Interespecífico, intraespecífico, delimitación de los géneros constituyentes de la familia y relaciones de la familia con otros familias de Ascomycota, empleando datos de distinta naturaleza, morfológicos, genéticos y químicos. El abordaje molecular de la familia Mycocaliciaceae, en función de las secuencias de los genes 18S y 28S ADNr, muestra que se trata de un grupo monofilético. En cuanto a sus relaciones externas con otros taxones de Ascomycota, se establece una agrupación estable (18S) con Sphinctrinaceae, ya observada previamente (Wedin y Tibell, 1997), que dio lugar a la descripción del orden Mycocaliciales (Tibell y Wedin, 2000). La secuencia de un fragmento de 1250 pb del gen 28S ADNr muestra un agrupamiento con la familia Coniocybaceae (antiguo Caliciales, actualmente familia de posición incierta en Ascomycota). Las relaciones internas entre los géneros que componen la familia son complejas. Los datos moleculares obtenidos, coinciden con los datos morfológicos recogidos por Tibell en sus numerosos trabajos (Tibell, 1975, 1978, 1984, 1987, 1994, 1996, Tibell y Titov, 1995), puesto que no han sido suficientes para la delimitación de cada género. Los análisis de las secuencias de la mitad 5' del gen 28S ADNr en Mycocaliciaceae muestran que los géneros Chaenothecopsis y Mycocaliciuim tal como se circunscriben actualmente no son monofiléticos. Se establecen relaciones entre especies con mayor o menor apoyo en datos morfológicos y de producción de metabolitos secundarios en cultivo. En el nivel taxonómico de especie, el análisis de las secuencias de las regiones ITS, permiten la descriminación genética entre M.subtile y M.albonigrum, especies de muy complicada discriminación morfológica. La variabilidad en esta región para dos especímenes (UPSC 02173 y UPSC 01896) identificados como M.subtile es suficiente como para proponerlos como especie nueva, a pesar de que morfológicamente se encuentran dentro del rango de valores descritos para la especie M.subtile. Sin embargo, su patrón de producción de compuestos es semejante al producido por M.albonigrum. Los estudios filogenéticos realizados con secuencias de las regiones ITS, 18S, muestran que los representantes de esta especie críptica se encuentran genéticamente más cercanos a M.subtile que a M.albonigrum
