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Speech material (only words excluding pauses, i.e. total vocalization time) by speaker gender, condition and recording environment.
Source publication
We present results on phonetic register variation (i.e. conventionalized and socially recurring linguistic patterns of intra-individual speech behavior) in contrasting situated interactions. In this paper, we analyze intra-individual differences in local speech rate. Data was elicited with a novel method where participants talk to a video-taped int...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... pauses, approximately, 117 minutes of total vocalization time were analyzed. Figure 2 visualizes the amount of speech data by speaker gender (female vs. male), experimental condition (formal vs. informal) and space (Berlin lab vs. Bremen home). On average, male participants tend to speak less than female participants. ...
Citations
... It is a variety of language used in a particular social setting or to describe a person's speech based on a situation [8]. Registers are recurring variations in language use depending on the social situation and the function of language and demonstrate both social and functional variation of linguistic variation [9]. A register offers indexical differences to the speakers or language learners, which refers to the model that nuances of linguistic distinction are cast to different scales of society, including social, cultural, and political values. ...
This paper aims to review the study of linguistic variation in English. The paper examines three main parts: the founding and significance of linguistic variation and its compartmentalization, the dialectical variation in lexical, phonological, morphosyntactic, and pragmatic facets, and linguistic registers. The first part investigates how linguistic variation thrives as a systematic and theoretical study and how it plays an important role in current linguistic study, especially in initiating the sociolinguistics study. Then, the various variations are reviewed progressively in four dimensions: phonology, lexis, morphology, and syntax. The second part examines the dialectal variation in lexical, phonological, morphosyntactic, and pragmatic angles, each of which is vital to drawing the outline and fulfilling the connotation of dialectal variation. The third part discovers the definition and variation of registers. Registers are a prevalent linguistic phenomenon and occur in miscellaneous situations as an indexical indicator to imply the sociocultural background of individuals. This paper is of high value as a systematic review of the differentiable forms and functions of linguistic variation in English, be that variation lexical, phonological, morphological, or syntactic, and could further be a cornerstone contributing less or more to the future variationist research, via offering rudimentary modules to sketch out a framework, inspiring resourceful perspectives of exploring all sorts of variations or imparting a succession of enlightening experience.
... We asked the participants to perform a speech task in interaction with a confederate who was prerecorded on video. This type of interaction has been shown to produce relatively naturalistic speech in participants (Duran et al., 2023) and to influence their breathing behavior (Paccalin & Jeannerod, 2000). Even prerecorded videos with no interaction involved can influence observers to adapt behaviorally to the speaker (Nakano & Kitazawa, 2010). ...
Purpose
This study investigated whether speakers adapt their breathing and speech (fundamental frequency [ f o ]) to a prerecorded confederate who is sitting or moving under different levels of physical effort and who is either speaking or not. Following Paccalin and Jeannerod (2000), we would expect breathing rate to change in the direction of the confederate's, even if the participant is physically inactive. This might in turn affect their speech acoustics.
Method
We recorded the speech and respiration of 22 native German speakers. They produced solo and synchronous read speech in interaction with a confederate who appeared on a prerecorded video. There were three within-subject experimental conditions: the confederate (a) sitting, (b) biking with light effort, or (c) biking with heavier effort.
Results
During speech, the confederate's inhalation amplitude and f o increased with physical effort, as expected. Her breath cycle duration changed differently, probably because of read speech constraints. Overall, the only adaptation the participants showed was higher f o with increase in the confederate's physical effort during synchronous, but not solo, speech.
Additionally, they produced shallower inhalations when observing the confederate biking in silence, as compared to the condition without movement. Crucially, the participants' acoustic and breathing data showed large interindividual variability.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that, in this paradigm, convergence only took place on f o during synchronous speech and that this phonetic adaptation happened independently from any speech breathing adaptation. It also suggests that participants may adapt their quiet breathing while watching a person performing physical exercise but that the mechanism is more complex than that explained previously.
