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Gymnopus is a cosmopolitan genus of agaric fungi and consists of ~300 species. In Korea, Gymnopus represents common saprobic mushrooms, and 12 species have been reported in Korea. Several Gymnopus specimens were collected in Korea between 2008 and 2015. To identify them exactly, phylogenetic analysis was performed by means of the internal transcrib...
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... Collybia fusipes) is an understudied primary fungal pathogen, responsible for causing root rot on a number of economically important tree hosts, mainly oak, across the UK and Europe [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. G. fusipes is an agaricomycete fungus situated in the family Omphalotaceae [8], with the genus Gymnopus consisting of around 300 plant-associated species distributed almost globally [9]. Since its identification as a primary pathogen in the mid-1980s, Gymnopus fusipes has been linked with numerous episodes of oak decline in the UK and Europe [10,11]. ...
Gymnopus fusipes is an understudied root rot pathogen associated with multiple tree species and is linked to episodes of oak decline across the United Kingdom and Europe. Although the reported distribution of G. fusipes is broad, many observations rely solely on visual identification of fruiting bodies, which can be unreliable, and lack confirmation by molecular and/or isolation data to verify this broad ecological range. Given the paucity of information regarding the true ecological distribution of G. fusipes , it is difficult to predict and model the potential distribution of the species under both current and future climate scenarios. In this study, to determine the growth capabilities of G. fusipes across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures , five geographically diverse isolates of G. fusipes were grown at five different temperatures ranging from 4–37°C, to determine the optimal temperature for G. fusipes growth, and to establish whether geographically diverse isolates exhibit local adaptation to temperature tolerance. Incubation temperature had a significant effect on G. fusipes growth rate, with 25°C representing the optimum ( P <0.001). Isolates had differing growth rates at each of the temperatures, with an isolate from the UK having the highest overall growth rate across all five temperatures tested ( P <0.001), and at the optimum, increased by a mean value of over 4915 mm ² . Local adaptation to temperature tolerance was not found in the isolates tested. These data demonstrate the optimal incubation temperature for future laboratory studies on G. fusipes and provide the first data on the growth rate of this pathogen across ecologically relevant climate ranges that may inform land managers, modellers, and policy makers in predicting the current and potentially future geographical limits of this widespread root rot pathogen.
... H a b i t a t a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n . -Reported from eastern North America (Morgan 1905), South Korea (Jang et al 2016), and Pakistan (this study). Gregarious or scattered in leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying/dead twigs in forests. ...
... In our ITS-based phylogenetic reconstruction of Marasmiellus, the Pakistani sequence is retrieved among isolates of M. subnudus with strong support: MLBS=95 (Fig. 20). Our collection KH 317 is micromorphologically similar to M. subnudus reported from South Korea by Jang et al. (2016). The holotype collection of M. subnudus from eastern North America is different macromorphologically only in its slightly smaller (10-35 mm), cinnamon-brown to cinnamon pileus (Bañares et al. 2007). ...
... The Pakistani collection was sampled from leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying twigs in a mixed pine forest (Fig. 50A), which is in line with previous collections for this species. Eastern North American and South Korean collections of M. subnudus were also found in litter of leaves and dead twigs in mixed and deciduous forests (Jang et al. 2016). ...
... H a b i t a t a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n . -Reported from eastern North America (Morgan 1905), South Korea (Jang et al 2016), and Pakistan (this study). Gregarious or scattered in leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying/dead twigs in forests. ...
... In our ITS-based phylogenetic reconstruction of Marasmiellus, the Pakistani sequence is retrieved among isolates of M. subnudus with strong support: MLBS=95 (Fig. 20). Our collection KH 317 is micromorphologically similar to M. subnudus reported from South Korea by Jang et al. (2016). The holotype collection of M. subnudus from eastern North America is different macromorphologically only in its slightly smaller (10-35 mm), cinnamon-brown to cinnamon pileus (Bañares et al. 2007). ...
... The Pakistani collection was sampled from leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying twigs in a mixed pine forest (Fig. 50A), which is in line with previous collections for this species. Eastern North American and South Korean collections of M. subnudus were also found in litter of leaves and dead twigs in mixed and deciduous forests (Jang et al. 2016). ...
Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and
molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in
the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The
new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from
Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entoloma canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum
from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera,
Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from
Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda
africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan;
Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and
M. subnudus from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera,
Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including
isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of
multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support
for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.
... H a b i t a t a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n . -Reported from eastern North America (Morgan 1905), South Korea (Jang et al 2016), and Pakistan (this study). Gregarious or scattered in leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying/dead twigs in forests. ...
... In our ITS-based phylogenetic reconstruction of Marasmiellus, the Pakistani sequence is retrieved among isolates of M. subnudus with strong support: MLBS=95 (Fig. 20). Our collection KH 317 is micromorphologically similar to M. subnudus reported from South Korea by Jang et al. (2016). The holotype collection of M. subnudus from eastern North America is different macromorphologically only in its slightly smaller (10-35 mm), cinnamon-brown to cinnamon pileus (Bañares et al. 2007). ...
... The Pakistani collection was sampled from leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying twigs in a mixed pine forest (Fig. 50A), which is in line with previous collections for this species. Eastern North American and South Korean collections of M. subnudus were also found in litter of leaves and dead twigs in mixed and deciduous forests (Jang et al. 2016). ...
... H a b i t a t a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n . -Reported from eastern North America (Morgan 1905), South Korea (Jang et al 2016), and Pakistan (this study). Gregarious or scattered in leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying/dead twigs in forests. ...
... In our ITS-based phylogenetic reconstruction of Marasmiellus, the Pakistani sequence is retrieved among isolates of M. subnudus with strong support: MLBS=95 (Fig. 20). Our collection KH 317 is micromorphologically similar to M. subnudus reported from South Korea by Jang et al. (2016). The holotype collection of M. subnudus from eastern North America is different macromorphologically only in its slightly smaller (10-35 mm), cinnamon-brown to cinnamon pileus (Bañares et al. 2007). ...
... The Pakistani collection was sampled from leaf litter, pine needles, and decaying twigs in a mixed pine forest (Fig. 50A), which is in line with previous collections for this species. Eastern North American and South Korean collections of M. subnudus were also found in litter of leaves and dead twigs in mixed and deciduous forests (Jang et al. 2016). ...
Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entoloma canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan; Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and M. subnudus from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.
... Levipedes had been recorded in the Republic of Korea until 2011 [9]. Jang et al. [10] published their own Korean sequence called G. dryophilus in the phylogeny tree (but see our results, Table 1, Figure 1). ...
Collections of Gymnopus sect. Levipedes from the Republic of Korea have been studied. Two new species, Gymnopus dryophiloides and G. brunneodiscus, are described based on their macro- and micromorphological and phylogenetic characteristics. Three other species, referred to as Gymnopus spp. 1, 2, and 3, are distinguished as separate taxa without formal descriptions. Taxonomic and phylogenetic positions of all taxa have been inferred and confirmed by analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data. Their detailed descriptions, illustrations and an identification key are provided.
... Gymnopus (Pers.) Roussel (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) is a large fungal genus, which consists of c. 300 species distributed worldwide (Jang & al. 2016). It is characterized by a collybioid basidioma; a convex to applanate or slightly concave pileus; free, emarginate or adnate and crowded to fairly distant lamellae; a central stipe; a white spore print; inamyloid or nondextrinoid hyphae with clamp connections; ellipsoid to oblong, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid basidiospores. ...
... It is characterized by a collybioid basidioma; a convex to applanate or slightly concave pileus; free, emarginate or adnate and crowded to fairly distant lamellae; a central stipe; a white spore print; inamyloid or nondextrinoid hyphae with clamp connections; ellipsoid to oblong, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid basidiospores. Cheilocystidia are often present while pleurocystidia are usually absent (Antonín & al. 2013, Jang & al. 2016, Saba & Khalid 2014. Seven species of Gymnopus-worldwide a relatively common saprobe on leaf litter and dead wood-have been reported in Pakistan (Ahmad 1980, Iqbal & Khalid 1996, Shibata 1992, Sultana & al. 2011, Saba & Khalid 2014. ...
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to identify Gymnopus species collected in Pakistan during 2013–14. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA sequences. Among the collected taxa, we identified Gymnopus barbipes and G. dysodes, represent new records for Pakistan. Their detailed descriptions and illustrations are also provided.
... The phylogenetically similar Marasmiellus polygrammus (Mont.) J.S. Oliveira is known from South America (e.g., Costa Rica, Guyana, Puerto Rico; Baroni 1998, Mata & Petersen 2003, Mata & Ovrebo 2009), the Republic of Korea (Lee et al. 2014, Jang et al. 2016, and India (Dutta et al. 2015). This species macroscopically differs from M. subpruinosus by close to subdistant lamellae and a dark brown to black stipe (Mata & Petersen 2003); however, concerning microscopic characters, these authors observed only basidiospores due to the poor condition of the type specimen. ...
... Moreover, the authors have not mentioned the presence of distinct and long pileipellis terminal cells. The Korean authors (Jang et al. 2016) also described a smaller pileus (1.5-2 cm) and smaller ba-sidiospores, (5)5.2-7.4 × 2.6-3.5 μm, however, they mentioned the absence of cheilocystidia. Moreover, the sequence of their single Korean collection forms a small sister clade to the other M. polygrammus sequences. ...
... Macroscopically similar to M. subpruinosus is the Korean collection named Gymnopus iocephalus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Halling, but it differs by the absence of cheilocystidia (Jang et al. 2016); the authors of this paper described the pileus colour as yellowish brown to very pale brown when fresh, becoming very pale brown when dry. However, Berkeley & Curtis (1853) mentioned the pileus as violaceous in his original description. ...
Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. oioveliicola on Oiovelia machadoi (Hemiptera, Veliidae) from Brazil, L. termiticola on Macrotermes subhyalinus (Blattodea, Termitidae) from the DR Congo, Pluteus cutefractus from Slovenia, Rhizoglomus variabile from Peru, Russula phloginea from China, Stagonosporopsis flacciduvarum on Vitis vinifera from Italy, Strobilomyces huangshanensis from China, Uromyces klotzschianus on Rumex dentatus subsp. klotzschianus from Pakistan. The following new records are reported: Alternaria calendulae on Calendula officinalis from India; A. tenuissima on apple and quince fruits from Iran; Candelariella oleaginescens from Turkey; Didymella americana and D. calidophila on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing tip blight of Dianella tasmanica ‘variegata’ from India; Marasmiellus subpruinosus from Madeira, Portugal, new for Macaronesia and Africa; Mycena albidolilacea, M. tenuispinosa, and M. xantholeuca from Russia; Neonectria neomacrospora on Madhuca longifolia from India; Nothophoma quercina on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Plagiosphaera immersa on Urtica dioica from Austria; Rinodina sicula from Turkey; Sphaerosporium lignatile from Wisconsin, USA; and Verrucaria murina from Turkey. Multi-locus analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 sequences revealed that P. immersa, commonly classified within Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales) or as Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, belongs to Magnaporthaceae (Magnaporthales). Analysis of a six-locus Ascomycota-wide dataset including SSU and LSU sequences of S. lignatile revealed that this species, currently in Ascomycota incertae sedis, belongs to Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Pezizales).
