FIGURE 2 - uploaded by Davron Dekhkonov
Content may be subject to copyright.
Species of Tulipa sect. Lanatae: A. T. tubergeniana, B. T. bactriana, C. T. lanata. Scale bars, 1 cm.
Source publication
Uzbekistan is widely regarded as one of the most diversified sources of the species of Tulipa L. The present study provides the synopsis of the genus Tulipa in this area. According to literature reviews and field surveys, this genus includes 33 species (34 taxa) distributed in Uzbekistan. In this paper, more than 3,500 herbarium specimens deposited...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... accepted species. Zonneveld (2009) placed T. ingens as a synonym of T. tubergeniana. However, Christenhusz et al. (2013) treated T. tubergeniana as a synonym of T. ingens. These two species show significant differences in bulb morphology and ecological characteristics (Tojibaev & Beshko 2014) and should be treated separate as accepted species ( Fig. ...
Context 2
... species is named after ancient Persian kingdom of Bactria which covered the upper part of the Amu Darya river basin including distribution area of this species (Fig. 2B). Note:-In the first description of the species, the authors assigned it to the T. sect. Tulipanum De Reboul (1847: 60). The species can be recognized in the wild by its long cusps on all the tepals, in contrast with other red flowering species in the same growing area that have only long cusps on the outer tepals. It differs from T. ...
Context 3
... came to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from Kashmir in 1925. These had originally been collected from the roof of a mosque that collapsed during a flood in 1905. According to Pavord (1999), T. lanata probably has been introduced into Kashmir from Central Asia by the Moguls in the 16th Century and has been planted mostly on the roofs of mosques (Fig. ...
Citations
... For now, our results suggest treating the subg. Tulipa as a nominal single section, which is consistent with some previous morphological, anatomical and phylogenetic studies (Christenhusz et al. 2013;Eker et al. 2014;Eker & Tanış 2022) (scape hairiness and leaf width data from Everett 2013;Eker et al. 2014;Tojibaev et al. 2022). Although the members of Kolpakowskianae and Eichleres are distributed mainly in the Pamir Alai and Tien Shan Mountains, the gene center of the genus Tulipa, some species extend westwards to the Caucasus Mountains and Türkiye and southwards to Iran. ...
Despite many studies conducted over a period of nearly two centuries since Reboul, who was the first to classify tulips as subgeneric level, there is still no consensus among researchers regarding the infrageneric classification of tulips. Nevertheless, in recent years, efforts to solve this taxonomic problem have been increasing. However, phylogenetic studies covering all species of a genus or at least with species representatives of all subgeneric taxonomy worldwide are very scarce. The main difference of the current study from previous studies is that it is a larger study focused on solving this problem by considering all perspectives together, covering many geographical areas and species in global distribution. For this purpose, we examined the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Tulipa with 82 accessions from 45 Tulipa species and six accessions from two Amana and three Erythronium species, and we positioned our results by discussing them in light of previous morphological, geographical, molecular and anatomical data. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships in the genus using DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The 45 species of Tulipa formed a monophyletic clade. Genera Amana and Erythronium were clustered as outgroups. In the genus Tulipa, two major clades were obtained; the first clade belonged to subgenus Orithyia. The second clade separated subgenus Tulipa and subgenera Eriostemones+Clusianae. Then, Eriostemones and Clusianae subgenera formed two separate clusters. Subgenus Eriostemones separated two main clusters; section Biflores and section Sylvestres. On the other hand, all previously proposed sections and series under the subgenus Tulipa were grouped into a single clade. This situation agrees with previous biosystematic data highlighting the morphological overlap of most of the sections and with previous molecular data showing that many sections are not monophyletic. Consequently, we propose a taxonomic concept consisting of four subgenera and two sections.
... Tulipa has 376 scientific names associated with it, of which 85 (23 %) are accepted species, 266 (71 %) are synonymized taxa and 25 (7 %) names have yet to be assessed 8ы. Presently, the primary center of diversity for wild Tulipa https://plantsciencetoday.online encompasses over 65 species (4)(5), with Uzbekistan alone harboring 33 species (6). Despite extensive historical research on Tulipa in Uzbekistan, which has focused on morphology, phytogeography (11,12), species response to climate change (7)(8) and molecular studies (9)(10)(11)(12)(13), the exploration of micropropagation techniques for these species remains inadequate (14). ...
Tulipa, a genus of bulbous geophytes, boasts a globally recognized ornamental value. Anthropogenic influences have precipitated a decline in the wild populations of Tulipa, including those in Uzbekistan, necessitating the development of forward-looking conservation strategies. This study focuses on advancing biotechnological strategies for in vitro micropropagation to conserve endangered wild Tulipa species in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Tulipa ingens and Tulipa fosteriana, listed as vulnerable and near threatened respectively, on the IUCN Red List, face numerous anthropogenic threats including habitat loss and overexploitation. Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of sterilization protocols, successful micropropagation from seeds and the importance of adapting to non-sterile conditions. Through meticulous experimentation, a novel sterilization approach involving a 5 % Domestos solution coupled with brief ethanol exposure yielded the highest viability rates for plant materials. Micropropagation from seeds resulted in successful shoot and microbulb formation, providing a promising conservation strategy for these rare species. The study underscores the urgency of conservation efforts in Uzbekistan, where the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of these species classify them as endangered. Our findings contribute valuable data for ex-situ conservation measures, offering hope for the preservation of red-listed Tulipa species in the region.
... The other sources of data used in this study were from previously published sources [8,30,31], herbarium sheets stored in TASH (National Herbarium of Uzbekistan), LE (Herbarium of Vascular Plants of the Komarov Botanical Institute) and MW (Moscow University Herbarium) [32], as well as information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) [33] and Plantarium [34]. The species were identified according to Veldkamp and Zonneveld,Tojibaev,and Dekhkonov et al. [6,16] and cross-checked in Plants of the World Online [35]. Overall, 66 species of Tulipa were recognized in this study. ...
Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) comprises approximately 150 species. Although Central Asia, the
main center of its diversity, includes around 66 species, detailed mapping of their distribution is limited and research on their ecoregional and phytogeographical dispersion is insufficient. This study aimed to map and analyze the distribution patterns of Tulipa across the Central Asian ecoregions and phytogeographical regions to identify potential hotspots for effective conservation efforts. The
results identified the Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion, which hosts 41 species of Tulipa, as the leading hotspot ecoregion. The Ferghana Valley phytogeographical district (Afghano-Turkestan province) was found to be the most suitable habitat for 25 species of Tulipa. We also determined that altitude has a strong influence on the diversity of Tulipa and indicating an increase in species richness as elevation rises. However, as elevation rises from ca. 2000 m a.s.l. species richness also decreases slightly. An analysis of the distribution of sections of Tulipa in Central Asia revealed that around 61% of all species dwell in this area and that the sections Kolpakowskianae and Biflores, which have their greatest diversity of species, are specific to this area. The findings provide valuable insights into the
distribution of Tulipa and allow for feasible recommendations and suggestions for their conservation.
... 150 species (Peruzzi 2016). Central Asia, with 80 species, of which 33 occur in Uzbekistan (WCSP 2021;Tojibaev et al. 2022a), is the primary center of diversity of wild species of Tulipa (Zonneveld 2009;Tojibaev & Beshko 2014;Dekhkonov et al. 2022a), Despite the long history of Central Asian Tulipa research (Vvedensky & Kovalevskaja 1971;Botschantzeva 1982;Pratov & Sharipov 2006;Tojibaev & Kadirov 2010;Tojibaev & Beshko 2014;Tojibaev et al. 2022a), conservation of the species of Tulipa in this region can and should be improved (Zhang et al. 2023). Currently, 19 species of Tulipa are listed in the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (Khasanov 2019) of which five (26.3%) do not occur in any protected area. ...
... 150 species (Peruzzi 2016). Central Asia, with 80 species, of which 33 occur in Uzbekistan (WCSP 2021;Tojibaev et al. 2022a), is the primary center of diversity of wild species of Tulipa (Zonneveld 2009;Tojibaev & Beshko 2014;Dekhkonov et al. 2022a), Despite the long history of Central Asian Tulipa research (Vvedensky & Kovalevskaja 1971;Botschantzeva 1982;Pratov & Sharipov 2006;Tojibaev & Kadirov 2010;Tojibaev & Beshko 2014;Tojibaev et al. 2022a), conservation of the species of Tulipa in this region can and should be improved (Zhang et al. 2023). Currently, 19 species of Tulipa are listed in the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan (Khasanov 2019) of which five (26.3%) do not occur in any protected area. ...
... The species names follow Zonneveld (2009) and Tojibaev et al. (2022a) (Table 1). The taxonomic status of the species was crosschecked by the World Checklist of Selected 41 and criteria of threatened species of Tulipa follow the IUCN protocol (IUCN 2023). ...
In light of the ongoing biodiversity crisis, appropriate conservation strategies are urgently needed. The steadily increasing anthropogenic pressure on nature in Central Asian countries seriously threatens the fate of local species and their habitats. Here, we analyze the threats to the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in
Uzbekistan and propose an appropriate conservation strategy based on field surveys, observations and literature review. Among the threats evidenced for these species, the most relevant are overgrazing, land use, urbanization, and fragmentation. Analysis of Tulipa distribution in Uzbekistan revealed that 27 species of Tulipa occur in 19 protected areas. Among them, the most important are Ugam-Chatkal State National Natural Park, Chatkal State Biosphere Reserve, Hissar and Surkhan State Nature Reserves, harboring 10, 9, 9 and 8 species respectively. However, 8 species (of which five species are red-listed) occur in unprotected areas. In addition to the two major conservation approaches, in situ and
ex situ, civic awareness is proposed as a third important conservation component. Besides, home garden conservation is proposed as an effective tool for conservation of Tulipa that requires support from the government.
... ferganica, T. intermediata and T. scharipovii). Taxonomic treatment for surveyed species was followed by Tojibaev et al. (2022). Based on our findings, the ecological niches of each of the species are characterized and attempted to predict the potential suitable areas and make suggestions about possible conservation actions. ...
Tulipa (Liliaceae) is cultivated as an ornamental plant worldwide and its wild representatives hold valuable genetic resources for breeders are facing the effects of climate change in Central Asia like all of wild plant species. Therefore, the effects of climate change on two Central Asian species (T. korolkowii Regel and T. lehmanniana Mercklin) plus the current suitable habitat for two endemics (T. intermedia Tojibaev and J.J. de Groot, T. scharipovii Tojibaev) to Uzbekistan and one endemic (T. ferganica Vved.) to Ferghana Valley were investigated in the study. Because endemic species are valuable for any territory, we cannot trust a limited number of variables that are commonly used for modeling distribution of species. For that, 41 bioclimatic and ecologic variables were utilized in the investigation. The results showed that T. lehmanniana is a species most affected by climate change, while T. korolkowii appears low necessity for its conservation action. Tulipa ferganica mainly grows in some protected areas of Kyrgyzstan which cannot provide protection against climate change and this may help to mitigate its extinction
caused by human-driven disturbance. Thus, the conservation implications of these results are discussed.
... Their cultivation supports an industry valued at more than one billion Euros annually (Christenhusz et al. 2013). The exact number of species of tulip is controversial, varying from about 50 to 100 De Vries 1992, 1995;Zonneveld 2009;Christenhusz et al. 2013;Everett et al. 2013;Dekhkonov et al. 2022). One of the main causes of this complication may be the extensive historical and horticultural exchange, which has complicated the scientific classification of the genus (Christenhusz et al. 2013). ...
... Taxonomic treatment for surveyed species was followed to Tojibaev et al. (2022). Based on our findings, the ecological niches of each of the species are characterized and attempted to predict the potential suitable areas and make suggestions about possible conservation actions. ...
Tulipa (Liliaceae) is cultivated as an ornamental worldwide and its wild representatives hold valuable genetic resources for breeders are facing the effects of climate change in Central Asia like all of wild plant species. Therefore, effects of climate change on two Central Asian species (T. korolkowii Regel, T. lehmanniana Mercklin) plus the current suitable habitat for two endemics (T. intermedia Tojibaev and J.J. de Groot, T. scharipovii Tojibaev) to Uzbekistan and one endemic (T. ferganica Vved.) to Ferghana Valley were investigated in the study. Because endemic species are valuable for any territory, we cannot trust a limited number of variables that are commonly used for modeling distribution of species. For that, 41 bioclimatic and ecologic variables were utilized in the investigation. The results showed, T. lehmanniana is a species most affected by climate change, while T. korolkowii appears low necessity for its conservation action. Tulipa ferganica mainly grows in some protected areas of Kyrgyzstan which cannot provide protection against climate change and this may help to mitigate its extinction caused by human-driven disturbance. Thus, the conservation implications of these results are discussed.
Poa bactriana Roshev, a perennial monocot, serves as a crucial forage plant for both livestock and wildlife in Central Asia and the Himalayas. Despite its ecological importance, our understanding of its distribution and ecological niche remains limited, raising concerns about its vulnerability to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we employed Maxent, a Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) method, to predict the present and future distribution of P. bactriana using occurrence data and environmental variables. Our analysis identified altitude, aridity index, and various bioclimatic and topographic variables as primary determinants influencing the distribution of P. bactriana. Presently, the species is predominantly concentrated in mountainous regions spanning Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, and select areas of Mongolia, Turkey, Russia, and China. However, projections under two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) for 2050 reveal a significant decline in suitable habitat and habitat quality for P. bactriana. Elevations ranging from 1500 to 4000 meters emerged as optimal habitats, underscoring the critical importance of high-altitude landscapes in supporting this species. Our study provides novel insights into the ecology and biogeography of P. bactriana, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation and management strategies to safeguard its future amidst changing environmental conditions.
The general distribution of 13 species of the Amaranthaceae included in the Red
Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, herbarium types, general description of endemic species of the family, altitude, phenology, ecology and their protection measures are provided. The article mainly analyzes the species of the family belonging to 6 genera: Climacoptera, Halimocnemis, Nanophyton, Salsola,
Anthochlamys, Gamanthus.
Tulipa is bulbous geophytes with highly ornamental value worldwide. Anthropogenic impact to the species led to decrease of wild Tulipa population including Uzbekistan. The impact challenges development of perspective conservation approaches. Thus, current work presents micropropagation of rare and endangered species T. fosteriana and Т. ingens distributed in Samarkand region. The study presents optimization of sterilization plant materials, culture media, and adaptation of newly regenerated plants by the use of bulb and seeds of selected taxa.
We compiled a checklist of endemic vascular plants occurring in Kazakhstan, employing an exhaustive examination of literature sources, herbarium collections, databases
and field observations. Our study reveals that 451 taxa can be considered endemic to Kazakhstan, constituting 7.97% of the total vascular plant diversity in the country. These
endemic taxa, originating from 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly thrive in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, specifically in the mountain ridges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan, including Karatau (123 taxa), Dzungarian Alatau (80 taxa) and Trans-Ili and Kungey Alatau (50 taxa). Notably, 107 endemic species are granted legal protection. Detailed information regarding life form, life cycle, conservation status and geograph-
ical distribution across floristic regions was meticulously compiled for each endemic taxon. Of the six groups of life forms, herbs include the highest part of endemic taxa (367 taxa), followed by dwarf semishrubs (25 taxa), shrubs (23 taxa), subshrubs (20 taxa), undershrubs (13 taxa) and trees (3 taxa). The observed life cycles are perennials
(408 taxa), annuals (33 taxa) and biennials (10 taxa). This paper serves as a fundamental groundwork for prospective investigations aimed at assessing population sizes and hotspots of plant endemism throughout Kazakhstan, crucial for determining conservation status of endemic plants.
