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Species-abundance distributions of lignicolous freshwater fungi collected from various sites. See Table 2 for abbreviation.
Source publication
Vijaykrishna, D. and Hyde, K.D. (2006). Inter-and intra stream variation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in tropical Australia. Fungal Diversity 21: 203-224. Freshwater ecosystems are in a constant interaction with the terrestrial environment (riparian) surrounding them. Riparian vegetation is the major source of organic input into the stream ecosy...
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Context 1
... distributions ( Fig. 2) showed that only a few species dominated at each site (percentage abundance ≥ 3%). Among the 12 sites, the most abundant taxa were Massarina australiensis from Clohesy River Agricultural (CV) zone (15% of the total occurrence of the fungi from the site), followed by Canalisporium pulchrum from Clohesy Pristine (CP) zone (14%; Table 3). ...
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... relative abundance distribution describes how the individual in a community are partitioned among rare and common species (Fig. 2). A community containing many rare species and relatively few common species is associated with a community in equilibrium. Likewise, an equitable share of individuals amongst species groups is associated with non-equilibrium behaviour resulting from perturbation due to disturbance, pollution or immigration ( Pachepsky et al., 2001). A ...
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... share of individuals amongst species groups is associated with non-equilibrium behaviour resulting from perturbation due to disturbance, pollution or immigration ( Pachepsky et al., 2001). A total of 29 taxa were found dominant in more than 2 sites. All sites with the exception of Tinaroo Creek agricultural zone (TV) had a majority of rare taxa (Fig. 2). Higher evenness was recorded at TV (Fig. 2). At TV, a majority of the wood substrates collected were black, covered with carbon, which might be due to a wildfire near that region (Vijaykrishna pers. obs), which can be attributed to the non-equilibrium or high evenness of the fungal communities at the ...
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... is associated with non-equilibrium behaviour resulting from perturbation due to disturbance, pollution or immigration ( Pachepsky et al., 2001). A total of 29 taxa were found dominant in more than 2 sites. All sites with the exception of Tinaroo Creek agricultural zone (TV) had a majority of rare taxa (Fig. 2). Higher evenness was recorded at TV (Fig. 2). At TV, a majority of the wood substrates collected were black, covered with carbon, which might be due to a wildfire near that region (Vijaykrishna pers. obs), which can be attributed to the non-equilibrium or high evenness of the fungal communities at the ...
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... the ascomycete assemblage, with representatives in the families Annulatascaceae, Halosphaeriaceae and Lophiostomataceae. It is not surprising, that in this study only one discomycete (Hymenoscyphus Fig. 3. Three dimentional correspondence ordination of taxa and fungal communities recorded from submerged wood from various sites. For site codes see Fig. 2. varicosporoides) was recorded from Tinaroo Agricultural. Out of a total 111 discomycetes recorded from submerged wood worldwide, only Hymenoscyphus malawiensis, Pezoloma rhodocarpus, Cudoniella indica, Saccobolus beckii (Fisher and Spooner, 1987;Udaiyan, 1989;Webster et al., 1995a) and more recently Hymenoscyphus varicosporoides ) have ...
Citations
... 3000 species. This group includes genera that live exclusively in freshwater habitats, fungi that live both in freshwater and terrestrial habitats, fungal species that live in freshwater and marine habitats, and species that are found in freshwater, terrestrial, and marine habitats [33]. Among Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, and Dothideomycetes represent the largest classes. ...
Fungal biodiversity is still mostly unknown and their presence in particular ecosystems such as freshwater habitats is often underestimated. The ecological role that these fungi play in freshwater environments mainly concerns their activity as decomposers of litter and plant material. At present, it is estimated that 3870 species belong to the ecological group of freshwater fungi (13 phyla and 45 classes). In this survey, we provide an overview of the Italian freshwater fungal diversity on the basis of the field and literature data. In the literature, data on freshwater fungi are fragmentary and not updated, focusing mainly on northern Italy where the most important lakes and rivers are present, while data from central and southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia) are almost completely ineffective. In particular, Ascomycota are reported in only 14 publications, most of which concern the freshwater environments of Lombardia, Piemonte, and Veneto. Only one publication explores the biodiversity of freshwater Basidiomycota in the wetlands of the Cansiglio forest (Veneto). The field observation allowed for us to identify 38 species of Basidiomycota growing in riparian forest of Italy. However, the number of fungi in freshwater habitats of Italy is strongly underestimated and many species are still completely unknown.
... Dictyosporium digitatum J.L. Chen, C.H. Hwang & Tzean in the present study occurred in lake samples, as well as in the study by Patil et al. (2014) in India. Despite that, studies carried out in Australia, Brazil, China and Egypt demonstrate the occurrence of the species in streams (Ho et al. 2001;Vijaykrishna and Hyde 2006;Barbosa et al. 2013;Abdel-Aziz 2016). ...
Aquatic hyphomycetes decompose submerged detritus in aquatic ecosystems making organic matter more nutritious and palatable for consumption by aquatic invertebrates. They can be classified into three ecological groups based on their morphology and form of sporulation: aero-aquatic fungi, facultative aquatic fungi and Ingoldian fungi. The current study provides an inventory of aquatic hyphomycetes associated with submerged debris (leaves and twigs) of streams and lakes in the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte. In addition, new records for the area are described. Substrate collections were carried out in eight streams and two lakes. Two methodologies were used for the analysis of decomposing substrates: moist chamber and submerged incubation. Seventy-seven taxa were found, distributed in 49 genera of aquatic hyphomycetes associated with plant debris in water bodies of the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte. Sixteen taxa are new records for Rio Grande do Norte, two are new records for Brazil (Gyrothrix encephalarti and Triscelophorus konajensis) and one for the Americas (Flagellospora minuta). The study demonstrated a high species richness of aquatic hyphomycetes for the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte and can serve as a model for studies on the conservation of Funga in these areas.
... Freshwater fungi play an important role in nutrient and carbon cycling, biological diversity and ecosystem functioning (Zhang et al., 2008;Swe et al., 2009). There have been many studies of freshwater fungi, especially on diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny (Tsui et al., 2000;Cai et al., 2002;Vijaykrishna et al., 2005;Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006;Hirayama et al., 2010;Ferrer et al., 2011;Barbosa et al., 2013;Raja et al., 2013Raja et al., , 2015 and recently from China Yang et al., 2017;Huang et al., 2018a,b;Su et al., 2018;Guo et al., 2019;Luo et al., 2019). In this study, we report nine Acrogenosporaceae species that were collected from freshwater habitats in China. ...
During a study of diversity and taxonomy of lignicolous freshwater fungi in China, nine species of Acrogenospora were collected. Seven of these were new species and they are described and illustrated. With morphology, additional evidence to support establishment of new species is provided by phylogeny derived from DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequence dataset. Acrogenospora subprolata and A. verrucispora were re-collected and sequenced for the first time. The genus Acrogenospora is far more species rich than originally thought, with nine species found in a small area of Yunnan Province, China.
... However, a comparison of sequence data between P. chiangmaiensis and P. aquaticum shows a difference of 6, 7, 20, and 32 nucleotides in LSU, SSU, ITS, and TEF gene regions, respectively. This indicates that they are distinct species according to guidelines of Jeewon and Hyde (2016 Known distribution: New Zealand (Hughes, 1978), Australia (Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006), Brazil (Barbosa and Gusmão, 2011;Barbosa et al., 2013;Gusmão, 2016, 2018), Cuba (Castañeda Ruiz and Arnold, 1985), Great Britain (Ellis, 1976), Hong Kong, China (Wong and Hyde, 2001), India (Prabhugaonkar, 2011), Venezuela (Castañeda Ruiz et al., 2009, México (Heredia et al., 2018), Peru (Shearer et al., 2015), Philippines (Cai et al., 2003), South Africa (Hyde et al., 1998), Thailand (Hu et al., 2010; this study), United States (Raja et al., 2007). ...
During our ongoing surveys of fungi on submerged wood in the Greater Mekong Subregion, we collected two new species similar to Bactrodesmium longisporum. Pseudobactrodesmium gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the new species, P. aquaticum, P. chiangmaiensis and B. longisporum is transferred to this genus. Fasciculate conidiophores, enteroblastic conidiogenous cells and subulate to fusiform, phragmoseptate conidia with a tapering apical cell and sheath characterize the genus. Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum has longer conidia than P. chiangmaiensis. The placement of Pseudobactrodesmium in Dactylosporaceae (Eurotiomycetes) is a novel finding based on analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data. Our study reveals that Pseudobactrodesmium is likely to be a speciose genus with different species in streams around the world.
... Habitat and distribution: Gamsomyces longisporus occurs on decaying wood, timber and bamboo stems; it has been collected so far on Alnus sp., Beilschmiedia tarairi, Olearia rani, bamboo and other unidentified hosts. The species is known in Africa in South Africa, Australia, Asia in Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines and Taiwan, Europe in United Kingdom, Middle America in Guatemala and Mexico, New Zealand and South America in Brazil, Peru and Venezuela (Ellis 1976, Hughes 1978, Rao & de Hoog 1986, Matsushima 1993, Chang 1997, Wong & Hyde 2001, Cai et al. 2003, Vijaykrishna & Hyde 2006, Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2009, Barbosa & Gusmão 2011, Figueroa et al. 2016, Santa Izabel & Gusmão 2016, Heredia et al. 2018. ...
The newly discovered systematic placement of Bactrodesmium abruptum, the lectotype species of the genus, prompted a re-valuation of the traditionally broadly conceived genus Bactrodesmium. Fresh material, axenic cultures and new DNA sequence data of five gene regions of six species, i.e. B. abruptum, B. diversum, B. leptopus, B. obovatum, B. pallidum and B. spilomeum, were studied. Bactrodesmium is a strongly resolved lineage in the Savoryellales (Sordariomycetes), supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. The genus Bactrodesmium is emended and delimited to hyphomycetes characterised by sporodochial conidiomata, mononematous often fasciculate conidiophores, holoblastic conidiogenesis and acrogenous, solitary, dry, pigmented, transversely or rarely longitudinally septate conidia. The conidia are seceding rhexolytically, exhibiting multiple secession patterns. An identification key to 35 species accepted in Bactrodesmium is given, providing the most important diagnostic characters. Novel DNA sequence data of B. longisporum and B. stilboideum confirmed their placement in the Sclerococcales (Eurotiomycetes). For other Bactrodesmium, molecular data are available for B. cubense and B. gabretae, which position them in the Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes, respectively. All four species are excluded from Bactrodesmium and segregated into new genera, Aphanodesmium, Gamsomyces and Kaseifertia. Classification of other 20 species and varieties not recognised in the genus is discussed. Based on new collections of Dematiosporium aquaticum, the type species of Dematiosporium, the genus is emended to accommodate monodictys-like freshwater lignicolous fungi of the Savoryellales characterised by effuse colonies, holoblastic conidiogenous cells and dictyosporous, pigmented conidia with a pore in each cell. Study of additional new collections, cultures and DNA sequence data revealed several unknown species, which are proposed as taxonomic novelties in the Savoryellales and closely related Pleurotheciales. Ascotaiwania latericolla, Helicoascotaiwania lacustris and Pleurotheciella erumpens are described from terrestrial, lentic and lotic habitats from New Zealand and France, respectively. New combinations are proposed for Helicoascotaiwania farinosa and Neoascotaiwania fusiformis. Relationships and systematics of the Savoryellales are discussed in the light of recent phylogenies and morphological patterns newly linked with the order through cultural studies.
... Whereas, the rest of the genera observed in this study were reported for the first time in terrestrial subsurface aquifers. Some of the fungal genera we identified in this study, have also been reported in different terrestrial habitats, which suggests that those fungi may have non-aquatic origin or there is a life style transition in their life cycle (Shearer et al., 2007;Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006). ...
Although fungi play important roles in biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems and have received a great deal of attention, much remains unknown about the living fractions of fungal communities in aquifers of the terrestrial subsurface in terms of diversity, community dynamics, functional roles, the impact of environmental factors and presence of fungal pathogens. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using RNA-based high throughput pair-end illumina sequencing analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers, to target the living fractions of groundwater fungal communities from fractured alternating carbonate-/siliciclastic-rock aquifers of the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory. The probed levels of the hillslope multi-storey aquifer system differ primarily in their oxygen and nitrogen content due to their different connections to the surface. We discovered highly diverse living fungal communities (384 Operational Taxonomic Units, OTUs) with different taxonomic affiliations and ecological functions. The observed fungal communities primarily belonged to three phyla: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Perceived dynamics in the composition of living fungal communities were significantly shaped by the concentration of ammonium in the moderately agriculturally
impacted aquifer system. Apart from fungal saprotrophs, we also detected living plant and animal pathogens for the first time in this aquifer system. This work also demonstrates that the RNA-based high
throughput pair-end illumina sequencing method can be used in future for water quality monitoring in terms of living fungal load and subsequent risk assessments. In general, this study contributes towards
the growing knowledge of aquatic fungi in terrestrial subsurface biogeosphere.
... Some fungi have also been reported from both freshwater and marine habitats, e.g., Malassezia and Cryptococcus (Zhang et al. 2015b). It has been shown that fungi may present multiple transitions between different habitats (Vijaykrishna and Hyde 2006). ...
Fungi may play an important role in material cycling in lakes and oceans; however, only limited information is available on fungal community structure, especially in large lakes such as Lake Biwa. In this study, whole fungal communities were determined seasonally and spatially using a high-throughput sequencing technique. Water samples were collected from the epilimnion, 0–20 m depth, with a Van Dorn sampler at a pelagic site and from the surface at a littoral site in the north basin of Lake Biwa. All pelagic depth samples were combined into one sample. Sampling occurred on 24 April, 22 May, 10 July, and 16 September 2015. DNA was extracted from filtered samples. Metabarcoding analysis targeting fungi-specific internal transcribed spacer 2 regions was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Epilimnetic fungal communities showed high diversity, with 479 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTUs included 122 belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, 127 to Basidiomycota, 38 to Zygomycota, 45 to Chytridiomycota, 2 to Glomeromycota, and 145 were unclassified fungi. Fungal community structures varied seasonally and spatially. Few of the fungal OTUs overlapped between seasons and sites, and specific communities of fungi were detected on each sampling occasion. Results indicated that spatio-temporal variations in fungal communities were high and may be influenced by both internal factors and external factors, such as terrestrial inputs.
... Phylogeographical evidence suggests ectomycorrhizal mushrooms dispersed via overland routes, because of their obligate symbiotic associations with woody plants [28][29][30] , especially Boletus 31, 32 , Chroogomphus 33 , Amanita 25,34 , Sparassis and Megacollybia [35][36][37][38][39][40] . However, investigations on saprotrophic fungi origins and dispersal have rarely been studied 41 , especially among mushrooms. ...
Agaricus section Minores contains the richest species diversity within the genus. Its Phylogeny is firstly presented by a Maximum Likelihood tree generated through DNA sequences from four gene regions of 91 species. Furthermore, a molecular dating analysis is conducted used those sequences, and it provided the divergence times of the clades within section Minores. Study showed section Minores has a tropical origin. Four main dispersal routes are proposed: (1) species from South Asia migrated through the Tibetan Plateau and reached Europe ca. 9–13 Ma; (2) species from out of South Asia dispersed to Europe in the earlier time of ca. 22 Ma; (3) species from South Asia dispersed through North Asia to Alaska, and reached West America around ca. 9 Ma; and (4) species from South Asia dispersed south and reached Oceania by at least three invading events about ca. 9, 12 and 16–18 Ma respectively. Those routes excepting the second route coincide with those of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. To know whether the second route existed in the saprotrophic mushrooms requires further studies, and the fourth route may explain why the secotioid species occurring in Australia are morphologically similar but cluster in different phylogenetic clades. This study also demonstrates a great biodiversity of A. section Minores in China. Sixteen new species and three new records are introduced from China with morphological descriptions, illustrations, color photographs and phylogenetic analyses.
... However, based on their taxonomic affinity to known groups of terrestrial fungi, the putative terrestrial fungal OTUs likely are fungal structures that have been washed into aquatic habitats where they are not active contributors to the community, but still can be detected. In general, overlap between species in freshwater and terrestrial habitats can be high compared to be- tween marine and freshwater, or marine and terrestrial habitats (Shearer et al., 2007;Zhang et al., 2015), reflecting the evolutionary history of aquatic fungi, which has been suggested to include multiple transitions from terrestrial to aquatic forms ( Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006). ...
... Some ascomycetes categorized as freshwater fungi have also been reported from other habitats (e.g. terrestrial and marine), indi- cating possible ubiquitous distribution of some species, which is consistent with evolutionary reconstructions that support a terrestrial origin for both freshwater ascomycetes and marine as- comycetes ( Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006;Kodsueb et al., 2016). ...
This study investigates the diversity and distribution of fungal communities in 77 oligotrophic lakes in southern Norway and Sweden using 454-sequencing with fungal-specific primers targeting ITS2 region of the rRNA gene. A total of 232 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to four recognized phyla were detected. A large proportion (70.69%) of the detected OTUs were Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), while Chytridiomycota dominated quantitatively (63.37% reads). The most abundant aquatic fungi were taxonomically assigned to Chytridiomycota, whose members are known to be saprobes on a large variety of substrates and parasites of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fungi and invertebrates, suggesting that resident fungi strictly depend on surfaces and, therefore, are closely associated with other types of aquatic organisms. Our results indicate that surface waters of oligotrophic lakes harbour a diverse pool of fungi, both with tentative terrestrial and true aquatic origin. Longitude and environmental factors were important in structuring the fungal community composition.
... In other words, they are fungi whose habitats may be clearly of an aquatic nature, or that colonize submerged plant parts in freshwater environments (Wong et al. 1998). Freshwater fungi thus are a ubiquitous and diverse group of organisms that colonize substrata found in aquatic or semi-aquatic environments (Luo et al., 2004;Fryar et al., 2005;Pascoal et al., 2005;Sakayaroj et al., 2005;Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006;Shearer et al., 2007;Hyde et al. 2016). They are taxonomically diverse, and flourish in various ecological niches (Cai et al., 2003;G€ oncz€ ol and R evay, 2003;2004;Fryar et al., 2004a;Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006;Shearer et al., 2007). ...
... Freshwater fungi thus are a ubiquitous and diverse group of organisms that colonize substrata found in aquatic or semi-aquatic environments (Luo et al., 2004;Fryar et al., 2005;Pascoal et al., 2005;Sakayaroj et al., 2005;Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006;Shearer et al., 2007;Hyde et al. 2016). They are taxonomically diverse, and flourish in various ecological niches (Cai et al., 2003;G€ oncz€ ol and R evay, 2003;2004;Fryar et al., 2004a;Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006;Shearer et al., 2007). According to the above definition, some terrestrial fungi, which release spores that are dispersed in water, are regarded as freshwater fungi (Luo et al., 2004). ...
... terrestrial and marine habitats. Freshwater ascomycetes can be divided into four groups based on their occurrence: (1) genera that are known only from freshwater habitats; (2) genera found in both freshwater and terrestrial habitats; (3) genera from freshwater and marine habitats; and (4) genera that are found in freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats (Table 1, Vijaykrishna and Hyde, 2006). Vijaykrishna and Hyde (2006) investigated the origin of freshwater ascomycetes using molecular sequence data, and showed that freshwater ascomycetes (and marine fungi) originated from terrestrial fungi. ...
