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There are a number of neurological conditions that may be encountered in dental practice. It is important that a dental practitioner has a broad knowledge of the main neurological conditions since they may affect the provision of dental treatment.
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Citations
... Anti-convulsant drugs can cause pathological changes in the mouth, the patient may have following signs and symptoms dry mouth, irritation, or soreness of the tongue and mouth, red irritated or bleeding gums, and swelling of the face, lips, or tongue. [6,7,8,9] Dentist's frequently come across epileptic patients in their practice. In fact Chapman et al has reported it to be the second most medical condition to be seen in dental operatory. ...
Abstract Background: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder affecting 50 million people worldwide , 85% of which belong to the developing countries. Around 2.4 million new cases occur every year globally Patients and Methods: The sample population comprised 40 epileptic patients, oral manifestation was recorded. Results: Gingival hyperplasia was found in 52% of the patient sample, no significant relation to age, gender, and duration of treatment. Conclusion: Overall quality of life, general and dental health is hampered by epilepsy. It is imperative that dentists should be well aware of the different grades of epilepsy, precipitating factors for seizures and oral side effects of different Anti-epileptic drugs being prescribed by medical practitioners.
... 4,11 One of the possible side effects of the medication may include bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis over the long-term of use. 2,4,[11][12][13][14] Poor self-care of epileptic patients and the side effects of anticonvulsant drugs, cause the risk for oral and dental health. Especially, the use of phenobarbital (PHB) and PHT can be associated with gingival enlargement. ...
Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of valproic acid therapy on dental and periodontal health of children with epilepsy and to compare salivary lysozyme concentrations of epileptic patients with an otherwise healthy group of children. Material and Method: The study group included 27 patients with epilepsy and the control group consisted of 12 healthy children. Study group was divided into two subgroups as; (VPA): 12 patients who were using only valproic acid and, (VPA+AED): 15 patients who were using valproic acid in combination with different antiepileptic drugs (AED). For the assessment of salivary lysozyme concentration, unstimulated mixed saliva was collected from each patient with expectoration method. Buffering capacity and flow rate of saliva were established using standard methods and the salivary concentration of lysozyme was evaluated using turbidimetric method. Intraoral examinations of all subjects were done according to WHO criteria. Results: Salivary lysozyme levels were significantly higher in the study group as well as the plaque and gingival indices. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of dental experience scores, salivary buffering capacity and salivary flow rates. A positive correlation was observed between the clinical periodontal health and salivary lysozyme concentrations in epileptic patients. Conclusion: Elevation of salivary lysozyme concentrations may directly affect periodontal and oral health of epileptic patients. We need more studies to develop new AEDs which are compatible with oral tissues.
... Perawatan gigi akan lebih aman jika dilakukan 1 hari setelah hemodialisis, tidak ada risiko perdarahan yang berkepanjangan, kondisi metabolik asam-basa dan kadar elektrolit yang abnormal telah diatasi. 28,[30][31][32] Pada pasien GGK yang progresif mungkin disamping memerlukan tindakan hemodialisis juga memerlukan tindakan transplantasi ginjal. Perawatan gigi pada pasien ini sebaiknya dilakukan sebelum transplantasi, karena komplikasi utama pada pasien transplantasi ginjal adalah infeksi akibat pemakaian obat-obat imunosupresan seperti kortikosteroid. ...
... Penting pula dilakukan pemeriksaan foto panoramik untuk melihat dan mengevaluasi kerusakan gigi dan tulang alveolar yang terjadi. 29,[32][33][34] Penyakit kardiovaskuler Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyakit sistemik yang mempengaruhi satu dari empat orang Amerika, dan memberikan kontribusi hingga 39% kematian setiap tahunnya di AS. Lebih dari separuh bangsa Kaukasia yang berusia di atas 75 tahun menderita kelainan kardiovaskuler. ...
... Jika pemberian obat ini tidak dapat diganti dengan obat lain, maka dosisnya harus dikurangi. [28][29][30][31][32] Evaluasi awal kondisi kesehatan mulut pasien GGK penting untuk menghilangkan infeksi fokal dari rongga mulut. Untuk mencegah infeksi maka diperlukan profilaksis antibiotik. ...
As a dentist, before doing dental procedure, especially regarding surgical intervention, It is necessary to ascertainthe general health of the patient whether the condition is safe enough to do dental procedure. This requires anappropriate and accurate evaluation in determining the systemic condition of medically compromised patients,which focus on pathophysiology of the disease, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, currently accepted medicaltherapies, as well as recommendations for specific dental treatment. So, the best possible treatment procedures canbe provided and complications can be avoided.
... For all these reasons, frequent recalls may be necessary after the dental treatment is over. 15,16 Drug interactions of concern to dentistry like epinephrine vasoconstrictors should be used with caution and the dose should be limited. Erythromycin should not be given to patients taking the dopamine agonist, pramipexole. ...
Wilson's disease was described by Wilson in 1912. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, a membrane-bound copper transporting ATPase. The deficiency of ATP7B protein impairs the biliary copper excretion, resulting in positive copper balance, hepatic copper accumulation, and copper toxicity from oxidant damage. The disease is a form of copper poisoning caused by a defect in the transport of copper that renders the patient unable to handle trace amounts of copper normally present in the diet and hence the clinical manifestations are those typically caused by copper toxicity and primarily involve the liver and the brain. Because effective treatment is available, it is important to make an early diagnosis. In this article, a review of clinical aspects of Wilson's disease, and its impact on dental management and dental considerations are discussed.
... For all these reasons, frequent recalls may be necessary after the dental treatment is over. 15,16 Drug interactions of concern to dentistry like epinephrine vasoconstrictors should be used with caution and the dose should be limited. Erythromycin should not be given to patients taking the dopamine agonist, pramipexole. ...
... Specific points in the examination of patients with the medical conditions listed in Table 1 have been covered in the fi rst series of general medicine and surgery papers. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] This section will therefore concentrate on the more general features in older people, and assessment of their function and ability. ...
This paper is the start of a series on general medicine and surgery for dental practitioners. It follows on from a previous series, published in the British Dental Journal in 2003. The proportion of older people in the UK population has been on the increase for several years. Dental practitioners who treat the general public often see older patients on a regular basis. This paper considers aspects of clinical management in the older patient with particular reference to the presentation of disease and factors to be considered in prescribing medication.
... Other possible side effects of medication may include bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis over the long-term of use. 2 Some AEDs cause enlargement of the gums as a result of gingival hyperplasia. 10 Common drugs used to treat epilepsy and their intraoral side effects are listed in Table 5. document the longer the patient has epilepsy prior to surgery the greater the relapse risk and they are more likely to have postsurgical auras. 16 There are four widely accepted surgical procedures: focal resection, corpus collosotomy, hemispherectomy, and the multiple subpial transaction. ...
The aim of this article is to educate oral healthcare providers on the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy and seizure disorders. It also shows the impact of epilepsy on the oral cavity and provides suggestions on the dental management of epileptic patients.
Epilepsy and seizure disorders affect 1.5 million Americans. The disease is caused by a number of genetic, physiologic, and infectious disorders as well as trauma. Treatment is primarily pharmaceutical but can also be surgical. The disease itself and the pharmaceutical management often have an impact on the oral cavity. Primary management considerations are the provision of good periodontal care and the restoration of the teeth with stable, strong restorations.
With proper understanding of patients with epilepsy and seizure disorders and their medical treatment, the dental care team can safely and effectively render dental care that will benefit the patient and minimize the risk of oral health problems in the future.
This unique reference provides a comprehensive guide to pediatric head and neck pathology in patients up to the age of 21. Chapters take a clinicopathologic approach, offering insight into the pathobiology, diagnosis and treatment of both common and rare disorders. Imaging studies and immunohistochemical techniques are discussed alongside accepted and emerging molecular tools. The authors' holistic approach ensures coverage of the surgical management principles that pathologists must understand, particularly when called upon to diagnose odontogenic tumors and cysts, as well as benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. The book is richly illustrated in color throughout. Each copy of the printed book is packaged with a password, providing online access to the book's text and image library. Written by leaders in head and neck pathology and surgery, this is an essential guide to solving the diagnostic dilemmas that pathologists and clinicians encounter in the assessment of pediatric head and neck disease.
This chapter focuses on common neurologic diseases, especially those with greater impact on the orofacial region and/or dental treatment. With optimal medical monitoring and poststroke care, patients can safely undergo invasive dental treatment, with appropriate consideration for stress reduction, medication interactions, adverse effects, neurologic deficit management, and control of underlying cardio/cerebrovascular risk factors. Patients with multiple sclerosis often experience exacerbation of neurologic symptoms in response to an elevation of the body's core temperature. Therapy for MS can be divided into three categories: treatment of acute attacks; disease‐modifying therapies; and symptomatic therapy. The genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease has been studied extensively, and specific genetic mutations have been implicated in both the familial and sporadic forms of the disease. Genetic implies the existence of known or presumed genetic mutation(s) where seizures are a known complication of the genetic disorder that is the result of the mutation(s).
