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?Solutions for seventeen mainland airstrips and seventeen optimum locations in the Republic of Ireland.
Source publication
The location-allocation algorithm devised by the Swedish geographer Tornqvist and the data preparation for its use in Ireland are described. The procedure is then applied to review the location of airports and airstrips in Ireland with particular reference to support populations, hinterlands and accessibility aspects. Actual and optimum distributio...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... airports and airstrips together, the Tornqvist procedure can be applied to review the network of seventeen mainland landing places available in the Republic of Ireland4 (Fig. 5). The two island airstrips are excluded from the analysis as their proximal regions would include parts of the mainland?clearly not the case in practice. All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms tions are relatively small. The largest is the part of County Limerick assigned to Shannon (population about 25,000) and here it could ...
Context 2
... might perhaps be anticipated with a network which evolved for a variety of reasons, the seventeen landing places do not represent a particularly efficient country wide distribution. The distance required for the population to move to the nearest airport or airstrip is 31*9 % more than that needed to move to seventeen optimum locations (Fig. 5). In an optimum distribution, hinterlands in the midlands contrast with the present pattern; and there are additional locations at Sligo and in the north midlands where much of the region formerly assigned to Headfort (Kells, Co. Meath) is shared between locations near Bailieborough and Longford. Elsewhere, the duplication of airstrips ...
Citations
... Horner [31], who applied the location-allocation algorithm technique to review the location of airports and airstrips in Ireland, considered distance minimization with respect to population distribution. Saatcioglu [32] used three approaches of programming models to determine airport site location with different attributes for each model. ...
... The choice of the relevant criteria has been based totally on the local features of the study zone, applicable rules, regulations (International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) [48][49][50], Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) [51]), literature review of previous researches (e.g., Horner [31]; [32]; Min et al. [52]; Ballis [53]; Kassomenos et al. [54]; Hammad et al. [38]; Yang [37]), expert opinion, and availability of the data including maps, documents, etc. ...
Choosing airport locations requires thorough and comprehensive decisions to be made. To do so in a professional and logical manner is crucial for the social, economic, and logistic settings intended for any region. The present research takes place in Libya, where airports are just as vital for the economy in terms of tourism and investment by allowing for improved transportation throughout the developing market and supplier locations as well as trading between the industrial and financial sectors. For this reason, using the geographic information system (GIS) to determine the appropriate airport site, twenty-three criteria were considered. In addition, two different methods—analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and rank order centroid (ROC)—were utilized to derive the related weights. The comparison of the output maps from these two distinctive approaches shows that both approaches provide identical results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the reliability of the method used and select the best site among the proposed ones based on the result of the highest suitability index for each candidate site. This research provides a siting approach and substantial support for decision-makers in the issue of airport locations selection in Libya and other developing countries.
... Paelinck (1977) used an adaptable strategy for a multi-criteria examination with augmentations that give its outcomes a more level realism and apply it to the instance of the area of anew airport. Horner (1980), who applied the location-allocation algorithm technique to review the location of airports and airstrips in Ireland, considered distance minimization with respect to population distribution. The author found difficulties in accumulating acceptable data, mainly inside the grid-square form required for Tornqvist. ...
... For further explanation, the cost objective obviously conflicts with the objective of access time and the objective of noise exposure, which conflicts with the economic impact objective(Min & Wu 1997). In the literature, similarly to the ranking approaches, several mathematical approaches to modeling were used to solve the airport location problem, including the simple gravity model (HUDSON, Jr. 1971), the location-allocation algorithm(Horner 1980), mathematical programming models(Saatcioglu 1982), dynamic, multiobjective and mixed integer programming model(Min & Wu 1997), the mathematical entropy model and entropy optimization method(Sur & Majumder 2012), the maximum coverage location model (Carmona-benítez et al. 2013), and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model (Hammad et al. 2017). ...
Finding the location of a facility is a vital decision for a decision maker. Such a decision represents the success of association. Several techniques have been evolved in this field, resulting in a number of methods to find the most efficient location. The issue of airport location selection is considered a strategic planning issue of the system of transportation and it should be handled according to the comprehensive domain of the system. The covering problem in airport location is reviewed. Searches have been made in English scientific journals for the period between 1969 to 2017 using web science search engines for all data bases, science technology and only searching for titles pertaining to airport site selection while ignoring all papers containing other facilities. The taxonomy of the methods of selecting airport location and discussing their drawbacks was then proposed in a method which avoided the weak points of the previous approaches to improve the quality of solutions.
... Paelinck (1977) used an adaptable strategy for a multi-criteria examination with augmentations that give its outcomes a more level realism and apply it to the instance of the area of anew airport. Horner (1980), who applied the location-allocation algorithm technique to review the location of airports and airstrips in Ireland, considered distance minimization with respect to population distribution. The author found difficulties in accumulating acceptable data, mainly inside the grid-square form required for Tornqvist. ...
... For further explanation, the cost objective obviously conflicts with the objective of access time and the objective of noise exposure, which conflicts with the economic impact objective(Min & Wu 1997). In the literature, similarly to the ranking approaches, several mathematical approaches to modeling were used to solve the airport location problem, including the simple gravity model (HUDSON, Jr. 1971), the location-allocation algorithm(Horner 1980), mathematical programming models(Saatcioglu 1982), dynamic, multiobjective and mixed integer programming model(Min & Wu 1997), the mathematical entropy model and entropy optimization method(Sur & Majumder 2012), the maximum coverage location model (Carmona-benítez et al. 2013), and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model (Hammad et al. 2017). ...
Finding the location of a facility is a vital decision for a decision maker. Such a decision represents the success of association. Several techniques have been evolved in this field, resulting in a number of methods to find the most efficient location. The issue of airport location selection is considered a strategic planning issue of the system of transportation and it should be handled according to the comprehensive domain of the system. The covering problem in airport location is reviewed. Searches have been made in English scientific journals for the period between 1969 to 2017 using web science search engines for all data bases, science technology and only searching for titles pertaining to airport site selection while ignoring all papers containing other facilities. The taxonomy of the methods of selecting airport location and discussing their drawbacks was then proposed in a method which avoided the weak points of the previous approaches to improve the quality of solutions.
... Objective (1) (Horner, 1980;Min et al., 1997), and recreational facilities (Robertson, 1978;Goodchild and Booth, 1980). A number of decision support packages based on the PMP and its variants have been developed, such as the PLACE suite (Goodchild and Noronha, 1983), the UDMS (Robinson, 1983), a spatial decision support system (SDS) (Densham and Rushton, 1991) and the location-allocation analysis module in ArcGIS. ...
... While others remain unchanged, a new objective 2 ′ (19) is introduced to combine (7) and (8). Constraints (20) ensure that only one facility can be visited either from a home based trip or a chained trip. Using the same weighting and normalization schemes, we solved the revised problem with different weight combinations when p=10. Figure 11 shows trade-offs between the objective (18) and (19) values, also indicating a competing/conflicting relationship between the two new objective functions. ...
Location models have been widely used to support locational decisions for various service provision. One common objective of location models has been to ensure maximal accessibility of sited facilities to demand populations. Accessibility evaluation in location models often assumes that trips originate from fixed locations (usually home) and are single purpose. These assumptions contradict the empirical evidence that suggests trips also commonly originate from non-home locations and may involve multiple stops. In this study, a new multi-objective location model is developed that extents the classic p-median problem (PMP) to account for a more realistic assessment of accessibility. Based on the individual accessibility assessment, notions of trip chaining and activity space are incorporated into the model development. In addition to fixed home locations, stops along chained trips are allowed for potential service site visits, and activity space is introduced as an additional dimension to evaluate accessibility of alternative opportunities. The effectiveness of the new model is demonstrated using an application in Tucson, AZ.
... Objective (1) (Horner, 1980;Min et al., 1997), and recreational facilities (Robertson, 1978;Goodchild and Booth, 1980). A number of decision support packages based on the PMP and its variants have been developed, such as the PLACE suite (Goodchild and Noronha, 1983), the UDMS (Robinson, 1983), a spatial decision support system (SDS) (Densham and Rushton, 1991) and the location-allocation analysis module in ArcGIS. ...
... While others remain unchanged, a new objective 2 ′ (19) is introduced to combine (7) and (8). Constraints (20) ensure that only one facility can be visited either from a home based trip or a chained trip. Using the same weighting and normalization schemes, we solved the revised problem with different weight combinations when p=10. Figure 11 shows trade-offs between the objective (18) and (19) values, also indicating a competing/conflicting relationship between the two new objective functions. ...
Adequate access to healthy food has become a social issue due to the recent Great Recession and heightened levels of unemployment. Geographers have focused their attention on how to accurately evaluate food access and how to identify and delineate food deserts; that is, low-income neighborhoods where affordable and healthy food is lacking or limited. Findings of recent food access studies are, however, dramatically inconsistent. We argue that spatial scale and the level of aggregation used in constructing food access measures could account for a major portion of the varying results. We draw on an empirical study in the Tucson, Arizona, metropolitan area, to examine how varying geographic scales and aggregation methods affect food access assessment. We also provide an analysis to show how spatial scale and aggregation practices lead to inconsistent conclusions about food access and designation of food deserts.
... (b) Agricultural regions (Gillmor, 1971). (c) 12-centre optimum regions (Horner, 1980). ...
... Occasional attempts have been made to produce regionalisations based on particular techniques (e.g. Horner, 1980) or on particular themes (Figure 2), for example, Drew (1979) has considered water resource regions, others have sought to identify agricultural regions or zones (Gillmor, 1977: 149;Lafferty, Commins and Walsh, 1999: 141), and Hall and Hay (1980) have divided Ireland into five metropolitan and sixteen non-metropolitan regions as part of a wider study of growth centres in the European urban system. Most recently, Cook et al. (2000: 52-55) have used a six-region frame for an analysis of 'comparative spatial deprivation' in Ireland. ...
Fifty years after T.W. Freeman published Ireland: its physical, historical, social and economic geography, this article reviews the issue of dividing Ireland into regions, and proposes a ‘first order’ division into six major units based on a mix of landscape and lifestyle characteristics. An initial division between the cityregions and the area beyond, ‘rural and small town Ireland’, can by refined by identifying proto city-regions, more- and less-favoured rural regions, and regions where remoteness imposes constraints on lifestyle. Northern Ireland is seen as a distinct region because of its administrative identity and because widespread polarisations within communities pervasively influence lifestyle. Further sub-divisions based on local lifestyle and landscape can be applied to produce a total of twenty-six areal units. This style of regional division, which is largely independent of official or administrative influence, could be appropriate for describing some of the major regional contrasts prevailing in Ireland at the start of ihe twenty-first century.
... Such information is useful in many types of locational decisions from the siting of automatic bank teller machines to the location of fire stations or libraries. There are numerous examples of the use of this technique in the literature including the location of health-related facilities (Eaton et al. 1985; Rushton et al. 1976; Homer and Taylor 1979); school locational decisions (Wilson and Crouchly 1984;Tewari and Jena 1987); the work of County Courts in England and Wales (Thomas, Robson, and Nutter 1991); the definition of regions and regional centers (Robertson 1974); rural service provision in developing countries (Rushton 1984); the locations of factories and warehouses (Tornqvist et al. 1971;Fitzsimmons and Allen 1983), retail outlets (Goodchild and Noronha 1983), airports and airort facilities (Homer 1980;Fotheringham and OKell 1989) and recreational ...
Location-allocation modeling is a frequently used set of techniques for solving a variety of locational problems, some of which can be politically sensitive. The typical application of a location-allocation model involves locating facilities by selecting a set of sites from a larger set of candidate sites, with the selection procedure being a function of “optimality” in terms of the allocation of demand to the selected sites. In this paper we examine the sensitivity of one particular type of location-allocation model, the p-median procedure, to the definition of spatial units for which demand is measured. We show that a p-median solution is optimal only for a particular definition of spatial units and that variations in the definition of spatial units can cause large deviations in optimal facility locations. The broad implication of these findings is that the outcome of any location-allocation procedure using aggregate data should not be relied upon for planning purposes. This has important implications for a large variety of applications.
... In relation to the distribution of population within Ireland, locations at Belfast, Dublin and Shannon are close to what may be an optimum if three airports were considered sufficient to serve the whole island (Horner, 1980). However, with such a system, the relativelylarge city of Cork is left over 100km from an airport. ...
For over a quarter of a century air transport has been the dominant mode of passenger movement into and out of Ireland. During 1990 over 11 million passengers passed through airports in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, more than double the numbers of a decade ago. This growth in traffic has been accompanied by expansion during the 1980s at the older-established airports near the main cities, while seven smaller airports have been either opened or improved to take a modest range of domestic and international services. General reviews of the geography of Irish transport have been able to give only limited attention to air transport. The purpose of this article is to provide a geographical perspective on the expansion over recent decades of both air services and the airport system in Ireland. -from Author
... In relation to the distribution of population within Ireland, locations at Belfast, Dublin and Shannon are close to what may be an optimum if three airports were considered sufficient to serve the whole island (Horner, 1980). However, with such a system, the relativelylarge city of Cork is left over 100km from an airport. ...
