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Heat is absorbed from radiations of the sun by a solar collector, concentrated, and then transmitted to an active nanofluid. The flow of Casson nanofluid is utilized in Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC) in the present analysis over an infinite and porous sheet. Ordinary differential equations are derived in nonlinear form and solved using sui...
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... a critical value related to the earlier product rendering to the non-Newtonian model. Figure 2 illustrates the inside geometry of the PTSC. ...
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... the above claim. Thermal drive from the system simultaneously escalates the entropy formation for improved values of particle fraction can be observed in Figure 20. ...
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... 21 reveals the fact that the fluid flow experienced some resistance through the particle suspension. As seen in the previous plots, Figure 22 is apparent the fact of slower fluidity and corresponding boost in the thermal dispersion. Interestingly, the irreversible energy loss gets reduced due to the nominal particle surface interaction which can be observed in Figure 23 for both Cu and Fe 3 O 4 suspended engine oil-based nanofluids. ...
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... seen in the previous plots, Figure 22 is apparent the fact of slower fluidity and corresponding boost in the thermal dispersion. Interestingly, the irreversible energy loss gets reduced due to the nominal particle surface interaction which can be observed in Figure 23 for both Cu and Fe 3 O 4 suspended engine oil-based nanofluids. ...
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Citations
... Computational values utilized for this study[32,[59][60][61]. ...
... Casson nanofluids have shown promising applications in various fields, including heat transfer, microfluidics and biomedical engineering (Reza and Rana 2021;Jamshed et al. 2021f). In heat transfer applications, Casson nanofluids have been utilised to enhance the thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance of various heat transfer fluids, such as water and oil. ...
The use of hybrid nanofluids can improve the engine operation and fuel efficiency in automotive engineering, as well as the efficiency of cooling systems used in food processing and preservation. This study provides insight for the development of efficient heat exchangers, thermal energy storage systems and cooling systems for various industrial applications, which can improve product quality and safety. The study aims to investigate the Soret and Dufour effects in hybrid nanofluid flow, with the goal of understanding their behaviour and potential applications in various industries. The flow is over a vertically stretched permeable sheet with porous material under convective boundary conditions and a non-uniform heat source/sink. The reduced governing equations are represented by non-linear-coupled ordinary differential equations solved by means of the shooting method based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Enhancing the Casson parameter reduces the fluid velocity while enhancing the mass and thermal Grashof numbers increases the flow velocity. The Soret and Dufour effects improve temperature and concentration, and a higher Biot number increases the temperature. The novelty of this investigation lies in its incorporation of Soret and Dufour effects, porosity, heat source/sink and a more refined definition of nanoflow, which is compared to previous results.
... When non-Newtonianism fluids are subjected to force, their viscosity varies; it either gets less viscous or more viscous. Non-Newtonianism liquids include several salt solutions and molten polymeric substances, shampoos, melting butter, plasma, lipstick, and paintings [7,8]. Many scientists are working on various types of non-Newtonianism fluids. ...
In magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flowing and mass transfer, 2-D unsteady non-Newtonian liquid flow across the stretched surface with a surface temperature had been examined numerically. Casson fluid model was utilized for the full description of the non-Newtonian fluid. Similarity transformation had been considered for transforming the dimensionless heat and fluid flow basic partial differential equations into simple ordinary equations. After that, the bvp4c MATLAB solver utilizes numerical methods to resolve the altered equations. We study and discuss in depth the flowing and heating attributes under various parameters, including the magnetic, Casson, and unsteadiness parameters, Schmidt number, and Prandtl number. It has been proven numerically that the velocity of the fluid first reduces when temperature and unsteadiness parameters increase, which significantly negatively impacts concentration. The velocity field is suppressed when the Casson parameter's values are increased. But when with the increment of the Casson variable, then, the concentration and temperature go up. The velocity field is suppressed as the magnetic parame-ter's values increase. But with the rise in the magnetic parameter, there will be an improvement in both the temperature and concentration. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Indeed, such type of fluid is characterized by having stress and rate of strain non-linear correlated. Between studies based on such a fluid, let us recall the ones by Alotaibi et al. 44 , concerning Casson nanofluid flow via convective heated non-linear extended surface with viscous dissipation, Hussain et al. 45 , where the authors discussed electromagnetic Casson nanofluid flow with shape factor of nanoparticles over a stretched sheet, Jamshed et al. 46 , devoted to the Casson nanofluid model for the advance applications of solar collector, and Naveen et al. 47 , where the authors explain the Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving rotating disc in a Dafrcy-Forchheimer porous medium. ...
During last decades the research of nanofluid is of great interest all over the World, particularly because of its thermal applications in engineering, and biological sciences. Although nanofluid performance is well appreciate and showed good results in the heat transport phenomena, to further improve conventional base fluids thermal performance an increasing number of researchers have started considering structured nanoparticles suspension in one base fluid. As to make an example, when considering the suspension of three different nanoparticles in a single base fluid we have the so called “ternary hybrid nanofluid”. In the present study three different shaped nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in blood. In particular, the three different shaped nanoparticles are spherical shaped ferric oxide Fe3O4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\text{Fe}_{3} \text{O}_{4}$$\end{document}, platelet shaped zinc Zn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left( \text{Zn} \right)$$\end{document}, and cylindrical shaped gold Au\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left( \text{Au} \right)$$\end{document}, which are considered in blood base fluid because of related advance pharmaceutical applications. Accordingly, we focused our attention on the sharp evaluation of heat transfer for the unsteady couple stress Casson tri-hybrid nanofluid flow in channel. In particular, we formulated the problem via momentum and energy equations in terms of partial differential equations equipped with realistic physical initial and boundary conditions. Moreover, we transformed classical model into their fractional counterparts by applying the Atangana–Baleanu time-fractional operator. Solutions to velocity and temperature equations have been obtained by using both the Laplace and the Fourier transforms, while the effect of physical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles, have been graphically analyzed exploiting MATHCAD. In particular, latter study clearly shows that for higher values of volume fraction ϕhnf\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi_{hnf}$$\end{document} of the nanoparticles the fluid velocity declines, while the temperature rises for the higher values of volume fraction ϕhnf\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi_{hnf}$$\end{document} of the nanoparticles. Using blood-based ternary hybrid nanofluid enhances the rate of heat transfer up-to 8.05%, spherical shaped Fe3O4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\text{Fe}_{3} \text{O}_{4}$$\end{document} enhances up-to 4.63%, platelet shaped Zn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left( \text{Zn} \right)$$\end{document} nanoparticles enhances up-to 8.984% and cylindrical shaped gold Au\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left( \text{Au} \right)$$\end{document} nanoparticles enhances up-to 10.407%.
... T y in which σ * is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant and k * is the mean absorption coefficient. Table 1 presents the thermophysical aspects of the nanofluids [7,51], Table 2 specifies the nanoparticle shape factor (m) values for various particle shapes [52,53], and Table 3 lists the substance properties of engine oil and copper [52]. ...
... T y in which σ * is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant and k * is the mean absorption coefficient. Table 1 presents the thermophysical aspects of the nanofluids [7,51], Table 2 specifies the nanoparticle shape factor (m) values for various particle shapes [52,53], and Table 3 lists the substance properties of engine oil and copper [52]. ...
... Considerable attention is directed toward the skin friction constant C f , the local Nusselt number Nu x , and the entropy generation equation [45,46,52,54]: ...
In this paper, we compared copper-engine oil Casson–Maxwell, Casson–Jeffrey, and Casson–Oldroyd-B binary nanofluids in a parabolic trough solar collector. Using appropriate similarity variables, the partial differential equations governing nanofluid flow were converted into ordinary differential equations. The resulting nonlinear systems were solved using the shooting method. The numerical results were presented in graphical and tabular forms. We investigated the effects of different parameters controlling the flow on the velocity, temperature, entropy generation, skin friction, and local Nusselt number of the nanofluids. Overall, the Casson–Maxwell and Casson–Jeffrey nanofluid models had better efficiency than the Casson–Oldroyd-B nanofluid model.
... The features of heat transport and entropy impact induced by a non-Newtonian nanofluid past an expandable linearly irregular medium are investigated by Jamshed et al. [8]. Jamshed et al. [9] inspected the thermal characteristics of Casson fluid containing nanoparticles through a parabolic solar trough collector. They scrutinized that the thermal efficiency enhances up to 18.5% in the presence of nanofluid. ...
Riga surface can be utilized to reduce the pressure drag and the friction of the submarine
by stopping the separation of the boundary layer as well as by moderating turbulence production. Therefore, the current symmetry of the work investigates the slip impacts on mixed convection flow containing water-based hybrid Ag-MgO nanoparticles over a vertical expanding/contracting Riga wedge. In this analysis, a flat surface, wedge, and stagnation point are also discussed. A Riga surface is an actuator that contains electromagnetic where a span-wise array associated with the permanent magnets and irregular electrodes accumulated on a smooth surface. A Lorentz force is incorporated parallel to the surface produced by this array which eases exponentially normal to the surface. Based on the considered flow symmetry, the physical scenario is initially modeled
in the appearance of partial differential equations which are then rehabilitated into a system of ordinary differential equations by utilizing the pertinent similarity variables. A bvp4c solver is engaged to acquire the numerical solution. The flow symmetry and the influences of pertaining parameters involved in the problem are investigated and are enclosed in graphical form. The findings confirm that the velocity reduces, and temperature enhances due to nanoparticle volume fraction. A modified Hartmann number increases the velocity and diminishes the temperature. Moreover, the suction parameter enhances the velocity profiles and reduces the dimensionless temperature profiles. The heat transfer gradually increases by diminishing the contracting parameter and increasing the expanding parameter.
... Verification is done for acquired results with the help of comparison with available literature 96,97 . Comparison of consistencies available in studies is summarized in Table 5. ...
Sun based energy is the chief source of heat from the sun, and it utilizes in photovoltaic cells, sun-based power plates, photovoltaic lights and sun-based hybrid nanofluids. Specialists are currently exploring the utilization of nanotechnology and sun-based radiation to further develop flight effectiveness. In this analysis, a hybrid nanofluid is moving over an expandable sheet. Analysts are presently exploring the utilization of nanotechnology and sunlight-based radiation to further develop avionics productivity. To explore the heat transfer rate phenomenon, a hybrid nanofluid stream is moving towards a trough having a parabolic type shape and is located inside of solar airplane wings. The expression used to depict the heat transfer phenomenon was sun based thermal radiation. Heat transfer proficiency of airplane wings is evaluated with the inclusion of distinguished effects like viscous dissipation, slanted magnetic field and solar-based thermal radiations. The Williamson hybrid nanofluid past an expandable sheet was read up for entropy generation. The energy and momentum expressions were solved numerically with the utilization of the Keller box approach. The nano solid particles, which are comprised of copper (Cu) and Graphene oxide, are dispersed utilizing SA (Sodium alginate) as an ordinary liquid (GO). A huge number of control factors, for example, temperature, shear stress, velocity, frictional element along with Nusselt number are investigated in detail. Intensification of thermal conduction, viscous dissipation and radiation improve the performance of airplane wings subjected to heat transmission. Hybrid nanofluid performance is much better than the ordinary nanofluid when it comes to heat transmission analysis.
... and similarity variables of the form [59,60]. ...
The purpose of this paper is to explore the behavior of Sutterby nanofluid passed a sloping sheet with a tendency to fluctuate thermal conductivity, radiation and a magnetic field. In a solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) for solar cooling and hydrogen generation, a nanofluid is employed as the running fluid. The Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) model is used to calculate effective thermal conductivity and viscosity. The advance results are differentiate with the Lobatto 111A method which strengthens the integration reliability of the current liquid system. Copper oxide-engine oil (CuO-EO) is taken into consideration to address the performance analysis of the current study. The skin coefficient and the local Nusselt number are expressed numerically in the form of a table, whereas other dominant competent parameters on the speed and temperature profiles are discussed numerically and graphically. The radiation parameter slows the rate of heat transfer while increasing the velocity gradient. To test the effect on many device performance parameters, nanoparticle absorption also varies with the growth of Reynolds and Brinkman numbers, entropy creates growth. The thermodynamic action of copper oxide-engine oil (CuO-EO) nanofluid is more noticeable than engine oil (EO) nanofluid oil under similar conditions. CuO-based EO nanofluid system had the best heat transmission efficiency and hydrogen generation. The thermal effectiveness of CuO-EO over EO is characterized by a minimum of 2.89% and a magnitude of 14.79%. Written theory simulations may be more effective in developing solar thermal energy systems.
... The Ge-based impurity detector is a promising candidate, in that the available impurity band in Ge is shallow enough to just absorb THz radiation (e.g., P in Ge at 0.013 eV and Ga in Ge at 0.014 eV) [7][8][9][10]. It has been developed widely with a cutoff wavelength of nearly 200 µm, and it has already been used in astronomical observations such as the ASTRO-F project and the Spitzer Space Telescope [11][12][13]. However, although the Ge-based impurity detector has been developed for many years, there is still a large gap compared with other terahertz detectors in terms of array scale, performance, and maturity [14,15], due to many fabrication difficulties and problems. ...
To investigate the effects of the pixel sizes and the electrode structures on the performance of Ge-based terahertz (THz) photoconductive detectors, vertical structure Ge:Ga detectors with different structure parameters were fabricated. The characteristics of the detectors were investigated at 4.2 K, including the spectral response, blackbody response (Rbb), dark current density-voltage characters, and noise equivalent power (NEP). The detector with the pixel radius of 400 μm and the top electrode of the ring structure showed the best performance. The spectral response band of this detector was about 20-180 μm. The Rbb of this detector reached as high as 0.92 A/W, and the NEP reached 5.4 × 10-13 W/Hz at 0.5 V. Compared with the detector with a pixel radius of 1000 μm and the top electrode of the spot structure, the Rbb increased nearly six times, and the NEP decreased nearly 12 times. This is due to the fact that the optimized parameters increased the equivalent electric field of the detector. This work provides a route for future research into large-scale array Ge-based THz detectors.
... Vijaya et al. [17] inspected the movement of a convective mixed nanofluid boundary layer through a vertical circular sphere under the magnetic field effect. Hayat et al. [18] inspected Many researchers use this model in different flow characteristics and combinations with distinct objectives in mind [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The present study develops numerical computational skills which enable the young researchers to solve the twodimensional boundary layer problem of Casson fluid over an inclined non-linear stretching sheet in a porous Forchheimer medium. ...
The numerical study of the impact of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and heat source on MHD Casson fluid flow over a nonlinear inclined stretching surface with velocity slip in a Forchheimer porous medium is presented in this paper. The controlling equations are converted into nonlinear ODE's with appropriate similarity variables. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear ODE’s are solved by the Runge-Kutta method along with the shooting technique with MATLAB. It is vital to investigate the flow of Casson fluids (such drilling muds, clay coatings, various suspensions and certain lubricating oils, thermoplastic melts, and a variety of colloids) in the incidence of heat transfer in order to optimize the preparation of toffee, chocolate, and other delicacies. Numerical findings were given via graphs and tables for various intervals of the physical variables involved for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles in addition to this, the coefficient of skin friction, Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number are also discussed. It is inferred from the graphs that the temperature of the plate decreases with increasing the values of the radiation parameter and Forchheimer porous medium parameter. The concentration is decreased in the presence of chemical reaction and Schmidt number. To ensure the validity of our findings, we compared them to previously published work and found significant agreement.
