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Solanum surattense: (A) habitat, (B) flowering, (C) matured plant with ripened fruits, and (D) root system.
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Medicinal plants are unique in having the ability to produce diverse chemical compounds with remarkable biological activities. Investigations of medicinal plants resulted in the discovery of a large number of bioactive compounds with excellent therapeutic properties. Solanum surattense, a perennial wild growing medicinal herb, is widely used in the...
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Medicinal plants are unique in having the ability to produce diverse chemical compounds with remarkable biological activities. Investigations of medicinal plants resulted in the discovery of a large number of bioactive compounds with excellent therapeutic properties. Solanum surattense, a perennial wild growing medicinal herb, is widely used in the...
Citations
... Solanum surattense (Solanaceae) is an annual wild-growing medicinal herb in traditional and folklore medicine. S. surattense leaves have been suggested as a treatment for various diseases in the ancient Indian book Materia Medica (Tekuri et al., 2019). S. surattense is commonly referred to as Indian nightshade (English) and has a long history of usage in south Indian traditional remedies to treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, asthma, asthmatic cough, and fever (Thirumalai et al., 2012;Sahar et al., 2018), anti-larvicidal, anti-dermatophytic (Narayanan et al., 2021), antimalarial and anticancer (Mani et al., 2020;Khalid et al., 2022). ...
... The berries of this Solanum spp. have numerous beneficial biologically active phytoconstituents such as carpesterol, campesterol, daucosterol, caffeic acid, coumarins, triterpinoids, solanosine solanocarpine, solamorgine, solasodine, solanocarpidine, and lupeol which have been identified as strong therapeutic compounds (Tekuri et al., 2019;Moyo et al., 2020;Saraswathi et al., 2021). ...
... This nanoparticle solution was exposed to UV spectrum absorption at frequencies of 200À800 nm. According to prior phytochemical investigations (Saraswathi et al., 2021), the plant is an excellent resource for reducing carbohydrates, caffeic acid, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, which carpesterol, campesterol, daucosterol, solanosine, solasodine, solanocarpine, solamorgine, solanocarpidine, lupeol, minerals, and coumarins (Jayakumar and Murugan, 2016;Tekuri et al., 2019;Albert and Gonsago, 2023). These phytochemicals have been proven to interact with and stabilize NPs. ...
Biogenic synthesis (green synthesis) of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles has recently become important to researchers due to its improved antibacterial properties and associated applications. The present investigation has been carried out to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a leaf aqueous extract of Solanum surat-tense as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized NPs have been studied using UVÀvisible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-TEM, and EDX analysis. The highest UV peak produced by the synthesized ZnO NPs was 294 nm. The resulting ZnO NPs were crystalline, confirmed by XRD measurements. FT-IR demonstrates the presence of OÀ ÀH stretching and CHC bending, functional groups of the plant extract stabilizing activity on the NP's outer layer. SEM & TEM investigation confirmed that the NPs were spherical, and their diameters were 25.14 § 7.4 nm. At a 100 mg/mL concentration, the NPs showed significant antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs had remarkable antibacterial activity against two targeted bacteria. In ABTS and DPPH scavenging tests, ZnO NP's antioxidant functions significantly surpassed the ascorbic acid standard. The ZnO NPs significantly inhibited the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line in vitro, and their IC 50 value was 40 mg/mL. The pkCSM server and ADMETlab2 online services analyzed the pharmacokinetics characteristics. Tetratriacontane and streptomycin binding energies have been identified to be-8.7 and-7.6 kcal/ mol, respectively. Lastly, the appearance of shorter bodies was observed only at doses above 5 mg/mL in the toxicity test done on zebrafish eggs. The work shows that phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs employing S. surattense extract may be an alternative biological agent in the future.
... Solanum species are a rich source of traditional medicine remedies as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic agents [108][109][110]. Ju'a-açu fruit (Solanum oocarpum), also known as Brazilian sunberry, has an alkaloid composition and has been reported to have anti-diabetic activity [111]. ...
The rising predominance of type 2 diabetes, combined with the poor medical effects seen with commercially available anti-diabetic medications, has motivated the development of innovative treatment approaches for regulating postprandial glucose levels. Natural carbohydrate digestion enzyme inhibitors might be a viable option for blocking dietary carbohydrate absorption with fewer side effects than manufactured medicines. Alpha-amylase is a metalloenzyme that facilitates digestion by breaking down polysaccharides into smaller molecules such as maltose and maltotriose. It also contributes to elevated blood glucose levels and postprandial hyperglycemia. As a result, scientists are being urged to target α-amylase and create inhibitors that can slow down the release of glucose from carbohydrate chains and prolong its absorption, thereby resulting in lower postprandial plasma glucose levels. Natural α-amylase inhibitors derived from plants have gained popularity as safe and cost-effective alternatives. The bioactive components responsible for the inhibitory actions of various plant extracts have been identified through phytochemical research, paving the way for further development and application. The majority of the findings, however, are based on in vitro investigations. Only a few animal experiments and very few human investigations have confirmed these findings. Despite some promising results, additional investigation is needed to develop feasible anti-diabetic drugs based on plant-derived pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors. This review summarizes the most recent findings from research on plant-derived pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors, including plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, it offers insights into the structural aspects of the crucial therapeutic target, α-amylases, in addition to their interactions with inhibitors.
... In Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, it has been mentioned that the formulations viz. 'Dasmul Asava' and 'Dashmularishta' containing roots of the plant are used as a tonic for lactating mothers (4). In ancient Ayurvedic treatises such as Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, the curative properties of fruits and the whole plant were mentioned in the treatment of mis¬peristalsis, bronchial asthma, tympanitis, piles, dysuria, and rejuvenation (5). ...
Solanum virginianum L., a perennial wild plant, belongs to the 'Dashamoola' group in Ayurveda. 'Kantkari Ghrita' in Charaka Samhita is used for cough, cold, fever, asthma, and cardiac diseases. 'Dasmul Asava' and 'Dashmularishta' are tonics for lactating mothers. Inflammatory disorders, rheumatism, and diabetes are traditionally treated using leaf juice and fruits. Various plant parts contain bioactive compounds like solamargine, solasonine, campesterol, ?-sitosterol, cycloartenol, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, etc. Roots, flowers, stems, and fruits are used for their medicinal properties such as carminative, febrifuge, expectorant, diuretic, and bitter tonic effects. They are employed to treat cough, asthma, fever, toothache, tuberculosis, rheumatism, sore throat, kidney disorders, gonorrhea, vesicular eruptions, and burning sensation in the feet. Different extracts from various plant parts exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, anti-asthmatic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, larvicidal, antinociceptive, antispermatogenic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. This study reviews 37 relevant research articles to comprehensively explore the plant's traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological properties in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings, along with their mechanisms of action.
... The investigation was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the stem from S. xanthocarpum in treating skin disorders like psoriasis since the plant's stem has historically utilized to treat a variety of skin chronic conditions and because the plant's fruits already had been shown to have antiinflammatory characteristics (62)(63)(64). Scientific evidence has been provided to substantiate the tribes' ancient assertions that S. xanthocarpum stems may treat inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis. There is evidence that S. xanthocarpum can cure psoriasis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-17 and IL-6(65) ...
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder that manifests itself through keratinocyte proliferation. On average, it affects 2-5% of the world's population. The treatments available for psoriasis are not effective much and are very much task taking and challenging, while some treatment leaves with unwanted adverse effects. So herbal treatments getting a preferable choice of therapy nowadays. The plant kingdom is a potential source of chemical components with a wide range of pharmacological actions because of plants' tremendous propensities to synthesize a variety of bioactive chemicals with different structural properties. For this reason, a large number of phytopharmaceutical medicines are undergoing psoriasis testing. This review shows an update on the information on psoriasis and the treatment of psoriasis using Solanum xanthocarpum. Finally, we provide a thorough analysis of widely used, well-established medicines and information on their limitations and new developments in innovative, targeted medications for psoriasis. Additionally, this allows researchers to study the effectiveness of Solanum xanthocarpum in treating psoriasis in the future.
... Additionally, it has cytoprotective effects on the gastrointestinal tract and hepatoprotective effects (Shah et al. 2012). Due to the presence of numerous phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids, the bark, leaves, roots, and fruits of Solanum virginianum are widely utilized in traditional medicine (Tekuri et al. 2019). Berberis lycium, Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum were among the species frequently used to treat jaundice. ...
Background. Globally, humans traditionally use plants for the treatment of a variety of diseases. To document
... All parts of the plant including stem, leaf, fruits, flowers, and roots have important phytoconstituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids (caffeic acid, coumarins, and triterpinoids), phenols, saponins, glycosides (solanosine), and steroids (campesterol, carpesterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol, cholesterol, and cycloortanol), that primarily act as capping and reducing agents for the synthesis of TiO 2 NPs. 22 Moreover, the geometry, elemental composition, optical, and morphological properties of synthesized TiO 2 NPs were investigated by various techniques, including SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, and UV−vis spectrophotometry. Thereis, this work was carried out to synthesize TiO 2 NPs using Solanum surattense aqueous plant extract and then to explore the antiepileptic activity. ...
The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is a new method that can be used in various biomedical applications. Therefore, the green approach was an aspect of ongoing research for the synthesis titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) using the Solanum surattense aqueous plant extract, which acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesis of TiO2 NPs was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) analyses. The excitation energy to synthesize TiO2 NPs was identified through the UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis at a wavelength of 244 nm. Further, the FT-IR spectroscopy visualized different biomolecules like OH, C=O, C-H, and C-O that were present in an aqueous extract of the plant and were responsible for the stabilization of TiO2 NPs. The crystallinity and phase purity of TiO2 NPs were illustrated by the sharp peaks of the XRD pattern. The spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 10 to 80 nm was examined using SEM images. The elemental composition of TiO2 NPs was revealed by the intensity and narrow widths of titanium and oxygen using EDX analysis. This report also explains the antiepileptic activity of TiO2 NPs in a maximal electroshock-induced epileptic (MESE) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model. The synthesized TiO2 NPs showed maximum antiepileptic activity in the PTZ model, significantly decreasing the convulsions (65.0 ± 5.50 s) at 180 mg/kg in contrast to standard drug phenytoin, whereas the MESE model was characterized by the appearance of extensor, clonus, and flexion. The results showed that synthesized TiO2 NPs significantly reduced the time spent in each stage (15.3 ± 0.20, 16.8 ± 0.25, and 20.5 ± 0.14 s) at 180 mg/kg as compared to control groups. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of synthesized produced TiO2 NPs demonstrated that concentrations ≤80 μg/mL were biologically compatible.
... [30] As per the pharmacological activity, all the ingredients possess antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities. [31][32][33][34][35] With all these properties, the drug PTG becomes significantly effective in atopic eczema. ...
Background: Eczema or atopic dermatitis is one of the significant public health concerns worldwide. Its prevalence is estimated to be 15-20% in children and 1-3% in adults. Moreover, the incidence of eczema has increased by 2-3-folds during the past decades in industrialized countries. The condition can considerably impact the quality of life of the affected individual by causing physical discomfort, emotional distress, sleep disturbance, and restriction of domestic and social activities.
... [30] The three species of Solanum undertaken for the study are extensively used in traditional medicine and possess several pharmacological properties. [31,32] The previous study of Okeke Philomena et al. [33] on S. melongena is in accordance with the present study showing similar characters in the aerial parts. Metcalfe and Chalk [34] have described the crystals as the unifying character of the Solanum genus and in all three species crystals were reported only with slight variations in their abundance with S. virginianum having the maximum amount. ...
Background:
The traditional medicinal system comprises the usage of innumerable plant species for the treatment of various ailments. Solanum, a potent medicinal genus, finds vast description in the various traditional medicinal systems world over. The effectiveness of a herbal drug relies on the usage of correct botanical sources. In this scenario of growing importance of traditional medicines and excessive loss of habitats of various medicinal plants, the procurement of genuine herbals is a challenging issue. Many related species of Solanum distributed over the world find their usage in many medicinal preparations, but the authenticity of the herbals is not promised. The identification and standardization of crude herbal drugs can be assured by the definite morphological and anatomical characterization.
Materials and Methods:
Macroscopical characters of all three samples collected from Attur Chat village in Salem district were observed and recorded using Nikon Digital camera D5600 and ZEISS Discovery V8 stereo microscope. The samples were preserved in formalin acetic acid, free hand sectioning was done to reveal the anatomy, and photographs were taken using Axiolab 5 trinocular microscope fitted with Axiocam 208 camera.
Results:
Macro-microscopic features of three important Solanum species viz S. melongena L., S. incanum L., and S. virginianum L. were characterized by morphology and anatomy studies. The stem was terete ( S. incanum ), flattened ( S. melongena ), and cylindrical ( S. virginianum ) in the species. The leaves were large and elliptic in S. melongena , simple ovate in S. incanum , and ovate and brittle in S. virginianum . Anatomically in the stem of S. virginianum , glandular trichomes were observed, which were absent in the other two species. In the case of leaves, the trichome type and density were varying in the three species, and trichomes were present only in the midrib of S . melongena . Variations observed in petiole and fruits were also recorded.
Conclusion:
The macro-microscopic characterization carried out will be worthwhile in judging the authenticity of the plants and differentiating these species from one another.
... The seeds are used to alleviate toothache as a form of fumigation. [15][16][17] In view of the above facts, we intended to test the antibacterial potency of the fruit extract of S. surattense against bacteria that cause dental diseases. ...
Crude Flavonoids extracted from crushed seeds of dried ripe fruits of Solanum surattense Burm F. were screened for antimicrobial activity against two bacteria – Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans – which were found to be major contributers for occurrence of Dental caries. Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, and Time Kill curve of the extract against each sensitive test pathogen, were evaluated. The flavonoid extract showed good antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans than towards Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. MIC & MBC of Streptococcus mutans is 25µg/mL & 25µg/mL respectively. MIC & MBC of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is 50µg/mL & 50µg/mL respectively. Time Kill Curve of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 2hr and 2hr respectively. Keywords: Solanum surattense, Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Time kill curve
... Fruit is globose, green with white stripes, and yellow when ripe (Fig. 16). It contains steroidal alkaloids (solamargine, solanocarpine, and solanocarpidine), coumarins (esculentin and aesculin), polyphenol (caffeic acid), steroids (daucosterol, carpesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and cholesterol), sapogenin (lupeol and diosgenine), and triterpenes (Zhang et al., 2018a;Tekuri et al., 2019). It is used to treat asthma, chest discomfort, skin disorder, scorpion sting, and women infertility. ...
Cancer with a mortality rate bordering on cardiac diseases is a multifaceted health issue that medical science is facing today. Despite various therapies available, its management is still a burning issue due to the side effects of most of the drugs used in its treatment. Plant products have always been favorable in health care management due to their effectiveness, ease of availability, and safety. The present review makes an effort to summarize the research advancements in the anti-cancer domain of Solanaceae family. Research carried out during the last ten years (2011À2020) has been briefed after reading about 320 articles published in different data sources like Google scholar, Wiley online library, Web of Science, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, and Pub Med. Altogether 213 article data have been cited, and comprehensive information of 18 utmost potential anti-cancerous plants of the family has complied. About 63 anti-cancerous compounds have been isolated from these eighteen plants. A total of 32 plant-specific anti-cancerous compounds have been tabulated along with their chemical structure and study design. The mechanism of action of specific compounds that might provoke the researcher's watchfulness for further detailed studies is also proposed. This review will come up with the perception of the role of Solanaceae family in cancer research and point out the lacuna in the ongoing knowledge and will contribute to hereafter research.
